scholarly journals Design Consideration for Front-End System in Ultrasonic Tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Muhammad Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Mohd Yunu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Front End ◽  
Hardware Development ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Further Development

The hardware development of the ultrasonic tomography comprises three main parts; the sensor unit, electronic measurement circuits combined with a data acquisition system and finally the display unit. The research done is focusing on the design considerations for the sensory unit which is also regarded as the front-end system. This part is an important concern for researchers in the field of ultrasonic, particularly for process tomography. Ultrasonic transducers are very sensitive piezo-mechanical component and as such its installation to complete the front-end system have to be properly configured. Many considerations and parameters that are well planned will promise significant impact on the sensor readings. Measurement errors can occur due to many aspects, thus this research aims to minimize such errors to be useful for further development in ultrasonic tomography system design.

A Novel Electrical Cpacitance Sensor Design For Dual Modality Tomography Multiphase Measurement

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Yunus ◽  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Fatin Aliah Phang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Flow Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Dual Modality ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Single Sensor ◽  
Capacitance Tomography

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is one of process tomography technique which is developed rapidly in recent years. ECT is an imaging technique to obtain the internal permittivity distribution of a vessel or pipe by using capacitance electrodes sensor. This method has been integrated with ultrasonic tomography as multimodality system to perform multiphase flow measurement such as crude oil separation and oil process industry. In the present paper, a novel type of ECT sensor was developed using copper FR4 material. The electrode sensors can be flexibly bend or curve to fit the pipe surface for optimum measurement. Thus, every single sensor strip is designed to be functioned independently. Such system has lower sensing capability in the central of the sensing area which often contributes to poor imaging result. This problem can be overcome by combining the ECT with ultrasonic tomography to form a dual modality tomography system. By implementing the new ECT sensor, multiphase flow measurement image results can be achieved. The reconstructed image results are presented in this paper.

A Review on Ultrasonic Process Tomography System

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sallehuddin Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Amri Md Yunus ◽  
Mohd Taufiq Md Khairi ◽  
Mahdi Faramarzi
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Ultrasonic Process ◽  
Process Vessel

The advantage of using a tomography system is that it provides visualization of component distributions inside a pipe or a process vessel. Tomography is widely used in the medical field. Due to its non-intrusive nature, tomography has caught the interest of various researchers in process applications. There is an extensive research using ultrasonic tomography for various applications. This paper is a review which expounds the principles of ultrasonic tomography systems, the hardware, and the software used in such systems.

Hardware Development of Reflection Mode Ultrasonic Tomography System for Monitoring Flaws on Pipeline

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norsuhadat Nordin ◽  
Mariani Idroas ◽  
Zainal Arifin Zakaria ◽  
M. Nasir Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reflection Mode ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
Pipeline Inspection ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Mode Detection ◽  
Ring Configuration ◽  
Hardware Development

The pipeline inspection is a key requirement to maintain structural health and pipeline integrity for oil and gas transportation over countries. Pipe failure is a critical problem that needs to be endured within the operational work. The defects or flaws existence on pipeline surface is one of the most leading factors to pipe failures. A new approach of non-destructive technique is implemented to monitor flaws on pipeline by using reflection-mode ultrasonic tomography system. This paper details on the hardware development of ultrasonic tomography system based on reflection mode detection. The system consists of ultrasonic transceiver sensors mounted circularly and contactless to the pipe surface. The modeling work described the ultrasonic ring configuration, ultrasonic signal behavior, sensors arrangement and image grid estimation. The developed instrumentation system is used to detect external and internal flaws on pipe surface. The results show that the reflection-mode ultrasonic tomography is capable to differentiate flaws detected based on the calculated depth verified from the distance measured and through the reconstructed image.

Ultrasonic Tomography System In Liquid – Gas Flow Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Transmitter

Suatu kajian proses tomografi ultrasonik telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengukur pengaliran dua fasa iaitu campuran fasa cecair dan gas. Sistem ini telah dibina menggunakan lapan unit penderia ultrasonik mempunyai dua fungsi (pemancar atau penerima isyarat) pada suatu masa. Berbanding dengan penggunaan penderia ultrasonik yang lazim digunakan, penderia ultrasonik dwi – fungsi ini mampu menberi pengukuran dan imej tomogram yang sama kualitinya malah ia mempunyai lebih banyak kelebihan dan lebih tepat. Disebabkan beberapa kebatasan penggunaan penderia ultrasonik yang berfungsi secara individu, kajian ini dijalankan supaya tidak mengganggu proses pengaliran aliran dalaman paip dan sebagai satu pendekatan alternitif menggunakan penderia ultrasonik dwi – fungsi tersebut. Dengan lapan unit penderia ini, litar – litar pengukuran, sistem perolehan data dan algoritma pembentukan imej yang bersesuaian telah direalisasikan. Keputusan yang diperolehi hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan tomografi ultrasonik menggunakan penderia dwi – fungsi berjaya memaparkan ciri – ciri dalamaan bagi pengaliran dua fasa ini iaitu cecair dan gas. Sistem sebegini sangat berguna dalam bidang campuran bahan cecair kimia atau penghantaran cecair di kawasan luar pantai. Kata kunci: Ultrasonik; tomografi; sistem pengaliran; cecair dan gas; penderia ultrasonik This research was carried out to measure two phase liquid – gas flow regime by using a dual functionality ultrasonic transducer. Comparing to the common separated transmitter – receiver ultrasonic pairs transducer, using dual functionality ultrasonic transceiver is capable to produce same measurement results hence further improvised and contributes to the hardware design improvement and system accuracy. Due to the disadvantages and the limitations of the separated ultrasonic transmitter – receiver pair, therefore this thesis presents a non–invasive of ultrasonic tomography system using ultrasonic transceiver as an alternative approach. By using 8 units of ultrasonic transceivers, the electronic measurement circuits, the data acquisition system and suitable image reconstruction algorithms, the measurement of a liquid/gas flow was realized. The system is capable of visualizing the internal characteristics of liquid and gas flow and provides the concentration profile for the corresponding liquid and gas flow. This system is useful in monitoring of liquid/gas flow in flow regime, chemical mixture transportation or fluid transportation at sub sea oil fields. Key words: Ultrasonic; tomography; flow system; liquid gas; transceiver

Front–End Design Of An Ultrasonic Tomography Measurement System

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudabiyah Arshad Amari ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Jaysuman Pusppanathan
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
System Development ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Peak Detector ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Sensor Arrangement ◽  
Front End ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Kertas kerja ini menerangkan tentang perancangan bahagian permulaan di dalam sistem tomografi ultrasonik. Dalam kertas kerja ini, teknik perlaksanaan tomografi ultrasonik secara luaran iaitu tidak menggangu aliran dalaman paip diaplikasikan menggunakan 16 sensor gabungan pemancar dan penerima untuk mengesan fasa–fasa aliran di dalam paip. Fasa tersebut termasuk pepejal,gas dan cecair. Kebaikan menggunakan pengesan jenis gabungan berbanding pengesan berasingan dibincangkan di dalam kertas kerja ini. Cara penyusunan pengesan, teknik pengukuran dan penyediaan perkakasan juga dibincangkan. Butir–butir rekaan litar termasuk litar pemancar, penerima, dan litar pengesan puncak juga disertakan. Kertas kerja ini boleh membantu untuk pembinaan sistem tomografi ultrasonik yang lebih jauh. Kata kunci: Tomografi ultrasonic; aliran pelbagai fasa; ultrasonik This paper explains the front–end system design of an ultrasonic tomography. In this paper, the ultrasonic tomography techniques implements a non–invasive techniques which using 16 transceivers to investigate the multiphase flow of the pipelines. The flows include solid, gas and liquid phase in 100 mm pipelines. The advantages of using transceiver rather than separate transmitter receiver are discussed in this paper. The sensor arrangement, measurement techniques and hardware preparation are also discussed in this paper. The circuit design details, including the transmitter, receiver and peak detector are also presented and explained. This paper will be useful for the use of further ultrasonic tomography system development. Key words: Ultrasonic tomography; multiphase flow; non–invasive ultrasonic; transceivers; peak detector

A Review of Process Tomography Application in Inspection System

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Abdul Wahab ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazlul Rahiman ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim ◽  
Suzanna Ridzuan Aw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Non Destructive

The inspection system is crucial to ensure the system is always in a good condition. A technique that can be used for inspection system is process tomography. By promising non-destructive approach; various types of process tomography applied in civil, manufacturing and electrical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the types of process tomography such as ultrasonic tomography, x-ray tomography, optical tomography, electrical resistance tomography, and electrical impedance tomography that had been applied to the inspection system. Variety techniques of inspection based on those sensors briefly discussed in this paper. The result showed that the process tomography expanded tremendously in the inspection system. Finally, a potential future research on the inspection system in the civil application proposed in this paper.

Evaluation for management and development

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Bost
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Program Logic ◽  
Front End ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
Donor Agency ◽  
Recipient Government ◽  
Further Development

This article examines an evaluation currently being undertaken in Papua New Guinea. The evaluation is designed to assist an organisation (comprising a donor agency, a recipient government department and a managing contractor) with the management and further development of an aid program set in the education sector. The challenge facing the organisation has been how to devise and implement a comprehensive managerial approach that will enable improvement of the existing program, the subsequent design of a new program and, at the same time, support a third objective of creating an ongoing culture of evaluation. In responding to that challenge the organisation has committed to the use of structured evaluation processes. Specifi cally, it has decided to implement a range of ‘front end’ evaluative approaches-developmental, evaluability assessment and program logic-drawn from the interactive and clarifi cative forms presented in Owen's (1999) conceptual framework. The article outlines the interventions that have been undertaken and assesses progress to date. Examples of completed activities are outlined and some innovative monitoring evaluative tools are introduced, such as the ‘capacity scale’ and the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) template. The paper concludes with some thoughts on the role of evaluation for management and development for achieving continuous improvement.

Design of an applied optical fiber process tomography system

2005 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunsheng Yan ◽  
Jing Zhong ◽  
Yanbiao Liao ◽  
Shurong Lai ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Fiber Process

Ultrasonic Sonic Imaging for a Two Phase System Based on Support Vector Machine Classifier

2014 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Mohd Faizal Mat Desa ◽  
Muhammad Naufal Mansor ◽  
Ahmad Kadri Junoh ◽  
Amran Ahmed ◽  
Wan Suhana Wan Daud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Lamb Waves ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Horizontal Pipe ◽  
Process Tomography

Multiphase flow characterization is an important task for monitoring, measuring or controlling industrial processes. This can be done by means of process tomography. The use of tomographic techniques has been used within the oil industry. One of the potential applications is flow visualization and measurement in producing wells. Research on industrial process tomography consists in obtaining estimated images of a cross section of a pipe or vessel containing or carrying the substances of the process. One category of process tomography is ultrasonic tomography technique. A simple tomography can be built by mounting a number of sensors around the circumference of a horizontal pipe. This includes acquiring and processing ultrasonic signals from the transducers to obtain the information of the spatial distributions of liquid and gas in an experimental column. Analysis on the transducers’ signals will be carrying out to distinguish between the observation time and the Lamb waves. The information obtained from the observation time is useful for further development of the image reconstruction. To obtain the time easily, the time will be calculated from the starting pulse of transmitter signal until the starting peak of receiver signal. Finally Support Vector Machine (SVM) was employed to distinguish of each phase between water and gas.

scholarly journals Comparison Between Two Different Types of Microcontroller in Developing Optical Tomography Controller Unit

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fadzli Abdul Shaib ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Siti Zarina M. Muji ◽  
Naizatul Shima ◽  
Mohd Zikrillah Zawahir
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Beam Projection ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

This paper describes the comparisons on the usage of different PIC microcontroller towards the development of optical tomography controller for fan beam projection. The advantage and disadvantage for each PIC towards the development of tomography sensors is discussed. The transmission and receiving conditioning circuit integrate with PIC is presented and explained. This paper is vital for further development of optical tomography system as a whole system.

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