Ultrasonic Tomography System In Liquid – Gas Flow Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducer ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Monitoring ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Ultrasonic Transmitter

Suatu kajian proses tomografi ultrasonik telah dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti dan mengukur pengaliran dua fasa iaitu campuran fasa cecair dan gas. Sistem ini telah dibina menggunakan lapan unit penderia ultrasonik mempunyai dua fungsi (pemancar atau penerima isyarat) pada suatu masa. Berbanding dengan penggunaan penderia ultrasonik yang lazim digunakan, penderia ultrasonik dwi – fungsi ini mampu menberi pengukuran dan imej tomogram yang sama kualitinya malah ia mempunyai lebih banyak kelebihan dan lebih tepat. Disebabkan beberapa kebatasan penggunaan penderia ultrasonik yang berfungsi secara individu, kajian ini dijalankan supaya tidak mengganggu proses pengaliran aliran dalaman paip dan sebagai satu pendekatan alternitif menggunakan penderia ultrasonik dwi – fungsi tersebut. Dengan lapan unit penderia ini, litar – litar pengukuran, sistem perolehan data dan algoritma pembentukan imej yang bersesuaian telah direalisasikan. Keputusan yang diperolehi hasil dari kajian ini menunjukkan tomografi ultrasonik menggunakan penderia dwi – fungsi berjaya memaparkan ciri – ciri dalamaan bagi pengaliran dua fasa ini iaitu cecair dan gas. Sistem sebegini sangat berguna dalam bidang campuran bahan cecair kimia atau penghantaran cecair di kawasan luar pantai. Kata kunci: Ultrasonik; tomografi; sistem pengaliran; cecair dan gas; penderia ultrasonik This research was carried out to measure two phase liquid – gas flow regime by using a dual functionality ultrasonic transducer. Comparing to the common separated transmitter – receiver ultrasonic pairs transducer, using dual functionality ultrasonic transceiver is capable to produce same measurement results hence further improvised and contributes to the hardware design improvement and system accuracy. Due to the disadvantages and the limitations of the separated ultrasonic transmitter – receiver pair, therefore this thesis presents a non–invasive of ultrasonic tomography system using ultrasonic transceiver as an alternative approach. By using 8 units of ultrasonic transceivers, the electronic measurement circuits, the data acquisition system and suitable image reconstruction algorithms, the measurement of a liquid/gas flow was realized. The system is capable of visualizing the internal characteristics of liquid and gas flow and provides the concentration profile for the corresponding liquid and gas flow. This system is useful in monitoring of liquid/gas flow in flow regime, chemical mixture transportation or fluid transportation at sub sea oil fields. Key words: Ultrasonic; tomography; flow system; liquid gas; transceiver

Image Reconstruction Algorithms For Ultrasonic Tomography

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Herlina Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Back Projection ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Tomography Image ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Linear Back Projection ◽  
Image Reconstruction Algorithms

Kertas ini membincangkan algoritma pembangunan imej bagi kegunaan dalam tomografi ultrasonik. Terdapat tiga jenis algoritma pembangunan iaitu Linear Back Projection, Hybrid Reconstruction dan Hybrid Binary Reconstruction. Algoritma tersebut telah diuji ke atas sistem tomografi ultrasonik berdasarkan kepada beberapa bayang yang telah dikenalpasti dan objek–objek sebenar. Prestasi algoritma tersebut telah di analisa dan bincangkan pada bahagian akhir kertas ini. Kata kunci: Algoritma pembangunan; tomografi ultrasonic; pemprosesan image; mabuk This paper presented image reconstruction algorithms for use in ultrasonic tomography. There are three types of reconstruction algorithms namely Linear Back Projection, Hybrid Reconstruction and Hybrid Binary Reconstruction. The algorithms have been evaluated on ultrasonic tomography system based on several known phantoms and real objects. The performance of the algorithms have been analysed and discussed at the end of the paper. Key words: Reconstruction algorithm; ultrasonic tomography; image processing

scholarly journals Design Consideration for Front-End System in Ultrasonic Tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Muhammad Jaysuman Pusppanathan ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Fazlul Rahman Mohd Yunu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Ultrasonic Transducers ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
Front End ◽  
Hardware Development ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Process Tomography ◽  
Electronic Measurement ◽  
Further Development

The hardware development of the ultrasonic tomography comprises three main parts; the sensor unit, electronic measurement circuits combined with a data acquisition system and finally the display unit. The research done is focusing on the design considerations for the sensory unit which is also regarded as the front-end system. This part is an important concern for researchers in the field of ultrasonic, particularly for process tomography. Ultrasonic transducers are very sensitive piezo-mechanical component and as such its installation to complete the front-end system have to be properly configured. Many considerations and parameters that are well planned will promise significant impact on the sensor readings. Measurement errors can occur due to many aspects, thus this research aims to minimize such errors to be useful for further development in ultrasonic tomography system design.

Electrohydrodynamic atomization two-phase flow regime map for liquid hydrocarbon under pulsed electric fields with co-gas flow

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Chang ◽  
C. Ayrault ◽  
D. Brocilo ◽  
D. Ewing ◽  
G.D. Harvel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Liquid Hydrocarbon ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Regime Map ◽  
Flow Regime Map ◽  
Co Gas

Interaction of Shock and Expansion Wave With Solid Particles in Supersonic Flows

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dolatabadi ◽  
Javad Mostaghimi ◽  
Valerian Pershin
Keyword(s):  
Mach Number ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Drag Force ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Supersonic Flows ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Two Phase

Interaction of solid particles with shock and expansions in supersonic flows is analyzed. In this analysis, a dense cloud of solid particulates is modeled by using a fully Eulerian approach. The dispersed flow and the gas flow were considered in the Eulerian frame whereby most of the physical aspects of the gas-particle flow can be incorporated. In addition to the momentum and energy exchanges in the form of source terms appearing in the governing equations, the two phases were strongly coupled by considering the volume fraction of the particulate phase in the equations. The simulation performed for a High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) process under typical operating conditions in which the powder loading is high and the two-phase flow is not dilute near the injection port. The simulations showed large variations in the flow regime in the region that most of the particles exist. Unlike the results corresponding to the Lagrangian approach, the flow becomes subsonic near the centerline and the drag force decreases significantly since the relative Mach number is small. The validation experiments showed that the variation of flow regime by changing the relative Mach number could significantly change the particle drag force, and consequently process efficiency.

Visualization Study of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow in a Hydrophobic Pipe

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayoshi Kikuchi ◽  
Tatsuya Hazuku ◽  
Yutaka Fukuhara ◽  
Tomoji Takamasa ◽  
Takashi Hibiki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Regime ◽  
Void Fraction ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Churn Flow ◽  
Effect Of Surface

To evaluate the effect of pipe wall surface wettability on flow characteristics in a vertical upward gas-liquid two-phase flow, a visualization study was performed using an acrylic pipe and a hydrophobic pipe. Such basic flow characteristics as flow patterns, pressure drop and void fraction were investigated in these pipes. In the hydrophobic pipe, an inverted-churn flow regime was observed in a region where the churn flow regime was observed in the acrylic pipe, while a droplet flow regime was observed in the region where an annular flow regime was observed in the acrylic pipe. At a high gas flow rate, the average void fraction in the hydrophobic pipe was higher than in the acrylic pipe. The effect of surface wall wettability on frictional pressure loss was confirmed to be insignificant under the present experimental conditions.

Visualization and Predictive Modeling of Two-Phase Flow Regime Transition With Application Towards Water Management in the Gas-Flow Channels of PEM Fuel Cells

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Young Son ◽  
Jeffrey S. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Bond Number ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Flow Channels

Understanding the behavior of gas and water vapor flow through the microchannel gas flow passages of a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to reliable fuel cell operation. Recent research efforts have illustrated the importance of capillarity on the behavior of two-phase flow (gas-liquid) in low Bond number systems; that is, systems where capillary forces are important relative to gravitational forces. Such systems include capillary tubes and microchannels as well as the gas flow channels of a PEM fuel cell. The key characteristic scaling factors for two-phase flow in capillaries have been determined. The choice of length scales and velocity scales in dimensionless groups used to characterize two-phase flow is critical to correctly delineating phase distribution. Traditional scaling for these types of flows have considered the interaction between gas and liquid phases to be primarily inertial in nature. The role of liquid film stability where the phase interaction is a combination of viscous and capillary effects is shown to be a more appropriate scaling for low-Bond number, low-Suratman number two-phase flows. Microscopic visualization at high frame rates has been used to identify the flow regime under various gas-liquid mass ratios, channel geometries and surface energies. The observations collected via high speed microscopy and corresponding pressure measurements are reported for square and circular cross-sectional microchannels with contact angles of 20 degrees (hydrophilic) and 70 degrees (hydrophobic). The effect of geometry and contact angle on the phase distribution and the pressure drop are dramatic.

Ultrasonic Tomography System For Liquid/Gas Flow: Frame Rate Comparison Between Visual Basic And Visual C++ Programming

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Norkharziana Mohd. Nayan ◽  
Mohd. Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Visual Basic ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Tomography System ◽  
C Programming ◽  
Rate Comparison

Eminent Pixel Reconstruction Algorithm For Ultrasonic Tomography

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Muzakkir Nor Ayob ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman ◽  
Zulkarnay Zakaria ◽  
Ruzairi Abdul Rahim ◽  
Sazali Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Median Filter ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Image Reconstruction Algorithm ◽  
Component Distribution ◽  
Tomography System

Perisian rekonstruksi imej dan algoritma rekonstruksi imejnya merupakan antara kaedah penting dalam pembangunan sebuah sistem tomografi. Kerta kerja ini akan membentangkan sebuah algoritma rekonstruksi imej untuk sistem ultrasonik tomografi dua–fasa. Algoritma tersebut, dikenali sebagai algoritma Rekonstruksi Piksel Utama (RPU) dirumus berdasarkan algoritma Unjuran Balik Linear (UBL). Algoritma rekonstruksi imej yang baru ini berjaya menyerlahkan piksel berintensiti tinggi daripada piksel–piksel sekeliling di dalam imej keratan rentas yang terhasil. Algoritma RPU kemudian digabungkan pula dengan Penapis Median yang membantu menghilangkan piksel–piksel yang tidak representatif dan membantu meningkatkan mutu rekonstruksi imej. Algoritma ini adalah pilihan yang sesuai berbanding dengan algoritma UBL memandangkan seperti UBL, RPU juga merupakan teknik pengimejan yang mudah tetapi mempunyai kejayaan yang lebih tinggi dalam merekonstruksi distribusi komponen dan mampu memberikan estimasi statistik distribusi komponen dua–fasa yang lebih tepat. Kata kunci: Algoritma rekonstruksi imej; rekonstruksi piksel utama; tomografi transmisi ultrasonik, aliran dua–fasa; penapis median; distribusi komponen Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. In this paper, description on the introduction of an image reconstruction algorithm for two–phase ultrasonic tomography system is presented. The algorithm, termed as the Eminent Pixel Reconstruction (EPR) algorithm is derived based on the basic Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm. This new image reconstruction algorithm successfully highlights high intensity pixels from the surrounding pixels in the cross–section image. The EPR algorithm are then combined with the useful Median Filter which helps eliminate the unrepresentative pixels resulting in reduced noise on the final reconstructed image. The algorithm is also deem as a preferable choice other than the LBP algorithm since like the LBP, EPR is also a straightforward imaging method with higher success of reconstructing the component distribution and provides more accurate statistical estimation capability on the two–phase distribution. Key words: Image reconstruction algorithm; eminent pixel reconstruction; ultrasonic transmission tomography; two–phase flow; median filter; component distribution

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