Influence of Active Filler, Curing Time and Moisture content on the Strength Properties of Emulsion and Foamed Bitumen Stabilized Mix

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulakmal Sufian ◽  
Nafisah A. Aziz ◽  
Mohd Yazip Matori ◽  
Mat Zain Hussain ◽  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Active Filler ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Foamed bitumen and emulsion are common stabilizing agents that are currently used for recycled asphalt pavement construction throughout the world. The strength of stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is influenced by factors such as filler content, moisture level and curing time. This paper describes the strength impact of ordinary Portland cement as active filler, the length of the curing time and moisture content on the foamed bitumen and emulsion stabilized mix. The basic objective of the paper is to evaluate the effect of active filler (Ordinary Portland Cement), curing time and moisture content on the strength of foamed bitumen and emulsion treated mix. The foamed and emulsion treated samples with various contents of RAP and crushed stone aggregates were tested for their strength properties. The resultant strength increases in terms of resilient modulus, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) values, were correlated with the length of curing time, using various percentages of active filler and proportions of RAP in the pavement mix. It was found that the strength decreased with increased RAP content, however if 100% RAP is to be used then the required pavement strength can be achieved by utilizing a higher active filler ratio. The effect of moisture content variation on foamed bitumen and emulsion treated samples with high percentage of RAP is not significant.

scholarly journals Investigating the Compressive Strength Properties of Concrete Using Some Common Ghanaian Ordinary Portland Cements

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-166
Author(s):  
K. S Akorli ◽  
K Danso ◽  
J Ayarkwa ◽  
A Acheampong
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Direct Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Portland Cements ◽  
Concrete Production

In a general sense, concrete is made of cementitious material, aggregates and water but the mix productivity is one issues that affect the amount of strength concrete developed. The concrete mix productivity is a direct function of the amount and quality of the cementitious material. The commonest cementitious material used for concrete in Ghana like other countries in the world is the Ordinary Portland Cement. The research sort to investigate the compressive strength properties of concrete made from some common Ghanaian Ordinary Portland Cement brands mostly used in the countries construction industries. The research strategy adopted was experimental. The research was a cross –sectional studies and used laboratory tests to get information on all cements. Cement grade 42.5N, 42.5R and 32.5R were used. A total of one – hundred and eight (108) concrete cubes were made from nine different brands of Ordinary Portland Cement with a mix design of 1:2:4. No admixtures were used in the mix. It was established that, Ordinary Portland Cement Brand E of grade 42.5R has the highest compressive strength after 28 days. Some of the cement brand with grade 32.5R developed better strength than that of grade 42.5R. Based on the experiment conducted, it can be concluded that for the C15 (1:2:4) and C20 compressive strength as per IS 456:2000, Ordinary Portland Cement Brand E and G of grade 42.5R and Ordinary Portland Cement Brand H and J of grade of 32.5R satisfactory meets the requirement. It implies that some of the Ghanaians Portland Cement developed a satisfactory compressive strength and meets the minimum strength attainment after 28 days’ which is 15 N/mm2. Based on the result, it is recommended that Ordinary Portland Cement Brand E of grade 42.5R should be used for most concrete production and Ordinary Portland Cement Brand J of grade 32.5R can also be used for concrete work in the absence of E 42.5R.   Citation: Akorli, K. S., Danso, K., Ayarkwa, J. and Acheampong, A. (2021). Investigating the Compressive Strength Properties of Concrete Using Some Common Ghanaian Ordinary Portland Cements. International Journal of Technology and Management Research (IJTMR), Vol. 6 (1): Pp.154-166.[Received: March 13, 2021Accepted: September 1, 2021

scholarly journals Influence of treated waste phosphogypsum materials on the properties of ordinary portland cement

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Al Hwaiti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Lime Water ◽  
Saturation Factor ◽  
European Standards ◽  
And Control

In this study, treatment of phosphogypsum (PG) with lime-water (LWT), sulphuric acid (SAT), a mixture of H2SO4 and HNO3 (AWT), PG-water (ST), and PG-limestone (LT) was attempted to purify PG and improve its quality so that it can be used for manufacture of ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). The treatment of PG removes P2O5, SO3, and MgO impurities into water-leachable phase. Chemical analysis of the treated PG and mechanical properties of OPC mortar after various treatment of PG established improvement of the quality of PG. The purified PG contain less impurities when compared with untreated PG. It was observed that the leachable of P2O5, SO3, and MgO in these samples ranged from 86% to 90%, 69% to 94%, 96% to 99%, respectively, can be achieved using these treatment processes. The major phases Alite (C3S), Belite (C2S), Aluminatetricalcic(C3A), and Tetra-calcium aluminoferrite (C4AF), and control ratios Lime Saturation factor (LSF), Aluminum/Iron ratio (AR), and Silica ratio (SR) were measured. These experimental results showed that the C3S, C3A and C4AF, C2S, LSF, AR, and SR contents fulfilled the requirement of the Jordan Standards and European Standards; hence treated PG can be replaced by natural gypsum. The X-ray diffraction analysis of OPC samples showed that C3S and C2S are major mineral phases, C3A and C4AF represent as minor constituents while the CaO and MgO represent as trace phases. The effect of treated PG on the mechanical properties of OPC mortar was investigated. The OPC produced with purified phosphogypsum were found to have strength properties similar to those produced from mineral gypsum thus fulfilling Jordan Standards and European Standards. The present study indicates that the use of PG in OPC manufacture can solve the waste disposal problem thus cleaning our environment at one hand, on the other hand it can save natural raw materials i.e gypsum.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 241-250, 2015

scholarly journals Elucidating the Pozzolanic Characteristics of Pastes Containing Circulating Fluidized Bed Fly Ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Kae-Long Lin ◽  
Chao-Lung Hwang ◽  
Yu-Min Chang
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Blended Cement ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Space Ratio

The aim of this study is to investigate the pozzolanic characteristics of circulating fluidized bed fly ash blended cement (CFBFABC) paste containing circulating fluidized bed fly ash (CFBFA). The initial and final setting time of CFBFABC pastes with CFBFA retards with an increasing CFBFA content. CFBFABC pastes containing 10% CFBFA exhibited a compressive strength similar to that of ordinary Portland cement pastes at the ages of 90 days. X-ray diffraction peaks indicated the presence of portlandite, ettringite, and unreacted C3S (32.6°) and C2 (41.9°). The gel/space ratio of the CFBFABC pastes increased with the curing time and decreased as the CFBFA content increased. The gel/space ratio increased with the curing time because of the progress of hydration, which led to some of the pores being filled. At the ages of 90 days, the gel/space ratio of the CFBFABC pastes containing 10% CFBFA increased to approximately 14%, it is possibly the consumption of Ca(OH)2 and the formation of C-S-H in the CFBFABC pastes. The CFBFABC pastes containing 10% CFBFA did not exhibit any major decrease in the gel/space ratio. It exhibited favorable mechanical characteristics that were observed when the mixing ratio of CFBFA was 10%. Furthermore, CFBFA has the potential, as a pozzolanic material, partially to replace ordinary Portland cement.

scholarly journals LABORATORY FATIGUE MODELS FOR RECYCLED MIXES WITH POZZOLANIC CEMENT AND BITUMEN EMULSION / PUCOLANINIO CEMENTO IR BITUMINIŲ EMULSIJŲ MIŠINIŲ PERDIRBIMO LABORATORINIAI NUOVARGIO MODELIAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Kavussi ◽  
Fereidoon Moghadas Nejad ◽  
Amir Modarres
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Strain Level ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Pozzolanic Cement

In recent years, due to technical and economical advantages, the production of pozzolanic cements have considerably extended. In the case of asphalt recycling, using Pozzolonic cements has several advantages. Lower initial stiffness and less shrinkage microcracks than Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) are some benefits of pozzolanic cements which may reduce the probability of occuring premature cracking in recycled layer. In this reserach in order to investigate the effects of I (PM) pozzolanic cement on the fatigue cracking of recycled mixes with bitumen emulsion and develope fatigue models for these mixes, extensive indirect tensile fatigue and resilient modulus tests were performed at different temperatures and curing times. Test results showed that at high strain levels I (PM) cement specimens have superior fatigue behavior than OPC specimens. Furthermore, the effects of I (PM) cement on fatigue life of recycled mixes related to the initial strain level. Therefore a boundary strain level was determined. Above the boundary strain level, adding cement caused a reduction in fatigue life, whereas below that level the reverse was true. Finally based on laboratory testing results distinct models were established for different boundary strain levels. Santrauka Pastaraisiais metais dėl techninių ir ekonominių veiksnių pucolaninio cemento gamyba gerokai padidėjo. Pucolaninio cemento naudojimas perdirbant asfaltą turi keletą pranašumų. Mažesnis pradinis standumas ir mažiau mikroįtrūkių nei įprastame portlandcementyje (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) – tai keletas pucolaninio cemento pranašumų, galinčių sumažinti priešlaikinio plyšių atsiradimo tikimybę perdirbamame sluoksnyje. Šiuo moksliniu tyrimu siekiama ištirti I (PM) pucolaninio cemento poveikį nuovargio plyšių atsiradimui perdirbamuose bituminių emulsijų mišiniuose ir sukurti šių mišinių nuovargio modelius. Buvo atlikti išplėstiniai netiesioginio tempimo nuovargio ir elastingumo modulių bandymai, esant skirtingoms temperatūroms ir džiūvimo laikui. Bandymų rezultatai parodė, kad esant aukštam įtempimo lygiui I(PM) cemento bandiniai yra atsparesni nuovargiui nei portlandcemenčio (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) bandiniai. Be to, perdirbtų mišinių iš I (PM) cemento tvarumas yra artimas pirminiam įtempimo lygiui. Todėl buvo nustatytas ribinis įtempimo lygis. Viršijus ribinį įtempimo lygį ir įmaišius cemento tvarumas sumažėja, o esant žemesniam įtempimo lygiui buvo gautas priešingas rezultatas. Galiausiai remiantis tyrimais buvo nustatyti atskiri modeliai skirtingiems ribiniams įtempimo lygiams.

Enhanced Strength Properties of Dredged Marine Sediments Using Electrokinetic Stabilization Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Nurul Syakeera Nordin ◽  
Chee Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Strength Increase ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Stabilizing Agents ◽  
Access Channel ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
Electrokinetic Stabilization ◽  
Maintenance Dredging

Nearshore’s facilities are often require frequent and regular maintenance dredging in maintaining appropriate water depths and enlarging the access channel and turning basin. A large amount of sediment was spawned from the dredging work. The dredged marine sediments (DMS) are not apt to be used in construction activities because of its poor geophysical properties. The purpose of this research is to study the improvement in moisture content and strength of DMS by using electrokinetic (EK) method. DMS are classified as a high plasticity silt (MH) with 240.74 % of its natural water content. Stainless steel plate was invoked as the electrode, while distilled water (DW), citric acid (CA) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) were applied as the stabilizing agents. The aforementioned stabilizers are electrically injected into the DMS which causing flow of the solutions through the pores in DMS under 50 V/m of applied direct current (DC). The results of treated DMS are presented in moisture content, undrained shear strength and SEM-EDX analysis. The EK treated DMS shows it increases in strength in the dry zone area after the 14 days treatment. The dry zone area was created near the anode and wet zone was made near the cathode. The application of calcium ions in the treatment had increased the strength and alters the pattern of the soil fabric. Largely, EK has significantly improved the quality of DMS even though the strength increase observed was not homogeneous throughout the specimen.

Evaluation of Factors Influencing strength of Foamed Bitumen Stabilised Mix

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Rosli Hainin ◽  
Mohd Yazip Matori ◽  
Oluwasola Ebenezer Akin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Foamed Bitumen

Over recycling of asphalt pavements involves mixing of existing pavement material with stabilizing agent such as foamed bitumen, bitumen emulsion, cement or lime and placed on the milled pavement and compacted. The strength of foamed bitumen stabilized mix is influenced by factors such as cement content, moisture level and curing time. It was found that the strength in terms of resilient modulus, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) values, increased with curing time and percentage of active filler. It was also found that the maximum strength in terms of resilient modulus, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) was not at Optimum Moisture Content (OMC) and the strength decreased as the RAP proportion increased

scholarly journals Municipal Sewage Sludge Drying Treatment by an Composite Modifier

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Wei
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Uniform Design ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Sludge Drying

A sludge composite modifier (SCM) which comprises a mixture of three cementitious components was proposed for sludge drying and stabilization. Effect of SCM components on sludge moisture content was analyzed using uniform design and the optimum composition of SCM was determined by computer-aided modeling and optimization. To compare the drying effect of SCM, quicklime, and Portland cement, the effects of material content and curing time on moisture content of sludge were also studied. The results showed that the optimum ratio of modifier component was slag/cement clinker/dihydrate gypsum = 0.64/0.292/0.068 and the moisture content of SCM-stabilized sludge decreased with the increasing material content and extending curing time. Besides, the experimental results showed that optimized SCM behaved better than quicklime and Portland cement in sludge semi-drying and XRD analysis revealed that the main hydrated product of stabilization was ettringite, which played an important role in the effective drying process. Sewage sludge stabilized using SCM could be used as an effective landfill cover.

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