Autofocus Microscope System using Contrast Measurement Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thang Ehang ◽  
Mohd Afzan Othman ◽  
Nasrul Humaimi Mahmood ◽  
Mohd Azhar Abdul Razak
Keyword(s):  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Stepper Motor ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Gigabit Ethernet ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Contrast Measurement ◽  
Measurement Approach

Cell counting is a method used to quantify cells for disease diagnosis and medical research. Generally, hemocytometer is used to count cells as it is a cheaper and simple method. Specimen contains cells is loaded into the hemocytometer and placed on a microscope. The coarse adjusting knobs of microscope are turned to focus the cells. For a beginner user, to get focused cells is time-consuming. If the user too harsh with the adjusting knob, it may loosen the knob gear. Moreover, if the cells are too over focused, it may cause damage to the objective lens and the hemocytometer. In order to overcome these problems, an autofocus system is developed to control the movement of adjusting knob in achieving the focused image automatically. A CCD camera is attached to the microscope to capture images of cells via gigabit Ethernet. The images are then analyzed using contrast measurement method. To control the movement of knob, an attachable stepper motor is used. The movement is stopped when the focused image is achieved. As a result, the autofocus system could assist a user to focus cells faster and make the microscope become more user-friendly.

scholarly journals Full Field Imaging Ellipsometry (FFIE) Platform Using CCD Camera and Advanced Software for Simultaneous Spots' Sensing and Measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45
Author(s):  
Avi Karsenty ◽  
Shmuel Feldman ◽  
Zvi Veig ◽  
Yoel Arieli
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Aperture ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Imaging Ellipsometry ◽  
Ccd Detectors ◽  
Field Imaging

This article describes a new approach for performing full field imaging ellipsometry. In this new technique, the objective lens of a high numerical aperture microscope is used to illuminate the surface of a 2D object. The light reflected from each point of the surface is gathered by the same lens and projected onto a 2D CCD detectors array; thus, enabling the measurement of numerous surface points simultaneously. Using this simple method, areas of up to 0.9 cm2 can be measured with high accuracy. Since the nanotechnology domain is rapidly growing, such a technique can bring benefits to the scientific community, facing the need to analyze large surfaces of thin films.

High-speed brightfield 3-D imaging and 3-D image analysis of thick and overlapped cell clusters in cytological preparations

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
Robert W. Mackin
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Array Processor ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Computer Controlled

This paper presents two advances towards the automated three-dimensional (3-D) analysis of thick and heavily-overlapped regions in cytological preparations such as cervical/vaginal smears. First, a high speed 3-D brightfield microscope has been developed, allowing the acquisition of image data at speeds approaching 30 optical slices per second. Second, algorithms have been developed to detect and segment nuclei in spite of the extremely high image variability and low contrast typical of such regions. The analysis of such regions is inherently a 3-D problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional 2-D imaging and image analysis methods.High-Speed 3-D imaging of the specimen is accomplished by moving the specimen axially relative to the objective lens of a standard microscope (Zeiss) at a speed of 30 steps per second, where the stepsize is adjustable from 0.2 - 5μm. The specimen is mounted on a computer-controlled, piezoelectric microstage (Burleigh PZS-100, 68/μm displacement). At each step, an optical slice is acquired using a CCD camera (SONY XC-11/71 IP, Dalsa CA-D1-0256, and CA-D2-0512 have been used) connected to a 4-node array processor system based on the Intel i860 chip.

Electron holography of p-n junctions

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 974-975
Author(s):  
B.G. Frost ◽  
D.C. Joy ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
E. Voelkl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Image Plane ◽  
Reference Wave ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Holography

A wide holographic field of view (up to 15 μm in the Hitachi-HF2000) is achieved in a TEM by switching off the objective lens and imaging the sample by the first intermediate lens. Fig.1 shows the corresponding ray diagram for low magnification image plane off-axis holography. A coherent electron beam modulated by the sample in its amplitude and its phase is superimposed on a plane reference wave by a negatively biased Möllenstedt-type biprism.Our holograms are acquired utilizing a Hitachi HF-2000 field emission electron microscope at 200 kV. Essential for holography are a field emission gun and an electron biprism. At low magnification, the excitation of each lens must be appropriately adjusted by the free lens control mode of the microscope. The holograms are acquired by a 1024 by 1024 slow-scan CCD-camera and processed by the “Holoworks” software. The hologram fringes indicate positively and negatively charged areas in a sample by the direction of the fringe bending (Fig.2).

A Simple Method for Prediction of Effective Core Area and Index of Refraction of Single-mode Graded Index Fiber in the Low V Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angshuman Majumdar ◽  
Satabdi Das ◽  
Sankar Gangopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Exact Results ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Graded Index ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
V Region ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractBased on the simple power series formulation of fundamental mode developed by Chebyshev formalism in the low V region, we prescribe analytical expression for effective core area of graded index fiber. Taking step and parabolic index fibers as examples, we estimate the effective core areas as well as effective refractive index for different normalized frequencies (V number) having low values. We also show that our estimations match excellently with the available exact results. The concerned predictions by our method require little computation. Thus, this simple but accurate formalism will be user friendly for the system engineers.

scholarly journals Development of a Web Based Expert System for Rubber Crop Disease Diagnosis and Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248
Author(s):  
S. Konyeha ◽  
F. A. Imouokhome
Keyword(s):  
Expert System ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Field Extension ◽  
Rule Base ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Procedural Code ◽  
Base Engine ◽  
Crop Disease ◽  
User Friendly

An expert system imitates the decision–making adeptness of a human expert. They are intended to answer complicated questions characterized mainly as if–then rules instead of traditional procedural code. A major problem facing the cultivation of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in developing countries is the destructive effect of pathogens which result in about fifty percent (50%) loss in crop yield. This problem persists, due to a communication gap between agricultural researchers, such that field extension officers, and farmers are hampered by various operational and logistic challenges. This paper is an effort to bridge this gap, and hence features an expert system that can be accessed online by farmers.  The expert system allows farmers to select disease symptoms presented in categories from a JAVA based user friendly graphical interface. The output generated by the rule–base engine, diagnoses the diseases of the rubber crop, and suggests curative and preventive measures. The main source of information for developing the expert system’ knowledge–base was the Rubber Research Institute, Iyanomo, Edo State, Nigeria.

scholarly journals A simple method inspired by empirical mode decomposition for denoising seismic data

Geophysics ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. V403-V413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián L. Gómez ◽  
Danilo R. Velis
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Mode Decomposition ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Classical Formula ◽  
Coherent Noise ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
The Mean ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
User Intervention

We developed a new and simple method for denoising seismic data, which was inspired by data-driven empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithms. The method, which can be applied either as a trace-by-trace process or in the [Formula: see text] domain, replaces the use of the cubic interpolation scheme, which is required to calculate the mean envelopes of the signal and the residues, by window averaging. The resulting strategy is not viewed as an EMD per se, but a user-friendly version of EMD-based algorithms that permits us to attain, in a fraction of the time, the same level of noise cancellation as standard EMD implementations. Furthermore, the proposed method requires less user intervention and easily processes millions of traces in minutes rather than in hours as required by conventional EMD-based techniques on a standard PC. We compared the performance of the new method against standard EMD methods in terms of computational cost and signal preservation and applied them to denoise synthetic and field (microseismic and poststack) data containing random, erratic, and coherent noise. The corresponding [Formula: see text] EMDs implementations for lateral continuity enhancement were analyzed and compared against the classical [Formula: see text] deconvolution to test the method.

scholarly journals Radiomics for Everyone: A New Tool Simplifies Creating Parametric Maps for the Visualization and Quantification of Radiomics Features

Tomography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487
Author(s):  
Damon Kim ◽  
Laura J. Jensen ◽  
Thomas Elgeti ◽  
Ingo G. Steffen ◽  
Bernd Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Pulmonary Lymphoma ◽  
Radiological Images ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Parametric Maps

Aim was to develop a user-friendly method for creating parametric maps that would provide a comprehensible visualization and allow immediate quantification of radiomics features. For this, a self-explanatory graphical user interface was designed, and for the proof of concept, maps were created for CT and MR images and features were compared to those from conventional extractions. Especially first-order features were concordant between maps and conventional extractions, some even across all examples. Potential clinical applications were tested on CT and MR images for the differentiation of pulmonary lesions. In these sample applications, maps of Skewness enhanced the differentiation of non-malignant lesions and non-small lung carcinoma manifestations on CT images and maps of Variance enhanced the differentiation of pulmonary lymphoma manifestations and fungal infiltrates on MR images. This new and simple method for creating parametric maps makes radiomics features visually perceivable, allows direct feature quantification by placing a region of interest, can improve the assessment of radiological images and, furthermore, can increase the use of radiomics in clinical routine.

An Integrated Energy-Filtering TEM for The Life Sciences

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
A.F. de Jong ◽  
H. Coppoolse ◽  
U. Lücken ◽  
M.K. Kundmann ◽  
A.J. Gubbens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Cold Trap ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Elemental Mapping ◽  
Energy Filtering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
High Degree

Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) has many uses in life sciences1. These include improved contrast for imaging unstained, cryo or thick samples; improved diffraction for electron crystallography, and elemental mapping and analysis. We have developed a new system for biological EFTEM that combines advanced electron-optical performance with a high degree of automation. The system is based on the Philips CM series of microscopes and the Gatan post-column imaging filter (GIF). One combination particulary suited for the life sciences is that of the CM 120-BioTWIN and the GIF100: the CM120-BioFilter. The CM 120-BioTWIN is equipped with a high-contrast objective lens for biological samples. Its specially designed cold-trap, together with low-dose software, supports full cryo-microscopy. The GIF 100 is corrected for second-order aberrations in both images and spectra. It produces images that are isochromatic to within 1.5 eV at 120 keV and distorted by less than 2% over lk x lk pixels. All the elements of the filter are computer controlled. Images and spectra are detected by a TV camera or a multi-scan CCD camera, both of which are incorporated in the filter. All filter and camera functions are controlled from Digital Micrograph running on an Apple Power Macintosh.

Energy-filtered reflection electron microscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction on Zeiss 912 TEM

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
JINGYUE LIU
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Reflection Electron Microscopy

In reflection electron microscopy (REM) and reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) the average path length of the elastically scattered electrons in the crystal ranges from 10 -100 nm and a significant portion of the electrons in the RHEED pattern spots used for imaging is inelastically scattered. The excitations of surface plasmons, bulk plasmons and valence electrons involves energy losses of 10 ∽30 eV. Thus the image contrast and resolution in REM are degraded due to chromatic aberration of the objective lens. The use of energy filters in a TEM should offer significant improvement in resolution and contrast of REM images. We present here some new results on the investigation of resolution limit and contrast mechanisms in energy filtered REM images.The experiments were performed on a Zeiss 912 TEM fitted with an Omega magnetic imaging energy filter. Digital RHEED patterns and REM images were acquired into 1024 pixels by 1024 pixels via a Gatan 679 CCD camera fitted to the microscope.

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