A REVIEW OF CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL IN ASPHALT MIXTURE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tay Lay Ting ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Oil Fuel

Coconut shell is an agricultural waste which is abundant to the environment and also rise the risk to health as well as environment. Currently, most of the researchers are investigate the use of waste material which can reduce the costof construction and increase the strength. Some of thewaste materials are used in construction for instance palm oil fuel ash, rice husk, fly ash slag, sludge, coconut shell and etc. Hence, coconut shellwas selected for this study. Generally, the chemical and physical properties of coconut shell in road construction was highlighted in this paper and compared with others raw materials. In addition, the chemical and physical characteristics of coconut shell was presented according to X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Analysis and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). A review of using coconut shell in asphalt mixture has better potential than others raw materials to constribute in construction field.

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Forsterite Refractory Produced from Thai Talc and Magnesite

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Surapattanapong Kullatham ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
True Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Subsequent Calcination

This paper reports the synthesis, characterizations, microstructure and properties of forsterite powder produced in Thailand from talc and magnesite as raw materials by using mechanical activation with subsequent calcination. The synthesis forsterite powder were mixed by using talc and magnesite at 1:5 mole ratio. The maximum milling time was 24 h in a planetary zirconia ball mill. Afterward, the mixtures were calcined in an electric furnace for 1 h at 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C respectively. The synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical properties. Results of the physical properties of synthesized forsterite showed an increased in density as the calcining temperature increased. In contrast, porosity was decreased with an increase of the calcining temperature. Therefore, forsterite that was calcined at 1300°C provided the best results which were 2.96 g/cm3 of true density and 15.41% of true porosity. Results of XRD of synthesized powder indicated that the forsterite crystallization was constant for which sharpen appeared after 5 h of mechanical activation. Fraction of forsterite was appeared after being calcined at 1000°C for 1 h with an increasing of calcination temperature, the fraction of forsterite phase increased. Based on the mentioned characteristics, the forsterite produced from Thai talc and magnesite exhibited properties of an insulator and can potentially be used as refractory devices.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties Of Coconut Fiber In Asphalt Mixture: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Che Norazman Che Wan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Potential Use

This paper is a review of the chemical and physical properties of coconut fiber in asphalt mixtures. Coconut fibers (CF) are natural fibers and also an agricultural waste, which is abundant after the extraction of juice and coconut fruit. Nowadays, CF has been studied for its potential use in the construction field to increase the strength of materials with its high tensile strength. Additionally, CF can also be one the materials in highway construction as it can improve the skid resistance of asphalt pavements. It was shown that CF treated with NaOH lowered the penetration value and increased the softening point of modified bitumen. Flow of bitumen also can be avoided at high mixing and compaction temperatures by adding 0.7% of CF.

scholarly journals Effect of grinding period on physical properties of modified bitumen using palm oil fuel ash (POFA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1049 ◽  
pp. 012004
Author(s):  
Amira Maryam Md Sukaimi ◽  
Raja Nurul Afiqah Raja Zulkefli ◽  
Haryati Yaacob ◽  
Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya ◽  
Norhidayah Abdul Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Preparation of Palm Oil Fuel Ash Composite as Green Pigment

2014 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 190-194
Author(s):  
Chee Kiong Sia ◽  
Syarul Hakimi Mohd Nor ◽  
Ong Pauline ◽  
Wei Ming Ng
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Green Pigment ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
Oil Fly Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

In this work, the potential beneficial uses of palm oil fly ash (POFA) as a green pigment in paint technology via sintering process was studied. The POFA composites were sintered in the furnace at temperature 750°C. The obtained green pigment from POFA composites through the processes of mixing, reductive heating, ball milling and sieving was subsequently characterized by X-Ray diffraction technique.

scholarly journals Performance of Aggregate Incorporating Palm Oil Fuel Ash (Pofa) and Silt

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1218-1223
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Oil Fuel

Depletion of natural aggregate has created more research to explore the utilization of industrial waste as alternative aggregate in concrete construction. The use of industrial wastes in making of artificial aggregate will lead to greener environment. In this study an attempt has been made to find the suitability of waste materials of palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and water treatment sludge as possible substitute for natural coarse aggregate. Specific gravity, water absorption, crushing strength and impact value have been tested for this mixture. Both raw materials were mixed with lime and alkaline activator. The artificial aggregate was air-cured at non-sintered temperature. Results show that the different mix proportions of the POFA to silt affected the performance of the artificial aggregate. Specific gravity and water absorption increased with the proportion of silt. Lightweight aggregate comprising silt combined with POFA and alkaline activator has the potential to produce a good performance of concrete. These benefits contribute to the production of energy-efficient building materials.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES OF HOT RECYCLING ASPHALT MIXTURE AT BATCH ASPHALT MIXING PLANTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mindaugas Martišius ◽  
Henrikas Sivilevičius
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Baltic Countries ◽  
Road Design ◽  
On The Road ◽  
High Level ◽  
Innovative Techniques

European Union members seek to establish the principles of a circular economy, which is based on the efficient use of raw materials and resources. This requirement will have an impact on business and in particular on the road construction sector. Hence the need to improve the asphalt mixing plant (AMP) mixing technology utilizing as much as possible reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to produce asphalt mixtures (AM) for road construction. The resources used to produce new AM in the world are endless and becoming more expensive in a time scale. The multi-cycle reuse of RAP producing AM is a priority, when thinking about of economical recycling materials usage and the saving of resources. The design and development of RAP hot recycling in-plant technologies has been in progress for approximately half a century. In high-level-economy countries, AM production currently processes on average approx. 80% of the amount of RAP using innovative techniques on AMPs. Design of various AMP, their assessment on the flexible application of innovative techniques depending on the RAP processing method, are described in this paper. In this paper different recycling technologies in AMP and their advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. The research result indicates technical possibilities hot recycling in-plant in Baltic countries. Local authorities, research institutes, road construction and road design companies could use these results in the future.

INCORPORATION OF HOMOGENOUS CERAMIC TILE WASTE TO ENHANCE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MORTAR

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Mohd Sam ◽  
Mostafa Samadi ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Han Seung Lee ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Tile ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Brick And Tile ◽  
Oil Fuel

Reduction, reuse and recycle of industrial and agricultural waste materials are regarded as very important to provide sustainable construction. The by-products such as fly ash, silica fume, slag and palm oil fuel ash, etc., have been studied for the past few decades and the findings are very well accepted as new innovative materials in construction. Currently, ceramic materials are widely used in many parts of the world. Consequently a large quantities of wastes are produced simultaneously by brick and tile manufacturers and from construction industry. Most of these wastes are dumped in landfills that cause environmental problem. In the present research the effect of homogeneous ceramic tile waste as sand replacement was investigated on the harden properties of mortar. The tests conducted under laboratory ambient condition were compressive and splitting tensile strengths. The percentage replacement of sand by ceramic aggregate by weight was in the range of 0% to 100%. The size of ceramic aggregate used is modified in accordance to ASTM C33-13. All samples were cast in a 50mm cube and cured in water until the age of testing. The results showed that the compressive strength values of the control sample and 100% ceramic aggregate as sand replacement at the age of 7days were 41.9 MPa and 40.9 MPa, respectively; almost similar. In addition, the splitting tensile strength of the mortar sample with 100% ceramic aggregate was found to be 6% higher than the control sample.  Thus, the homogenous ceramic tile waste can not only be used as sand replacement for normal application in mortar mix but also to enhance its hardened properties.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PALM OIL FUEL ASH AS MICRO-FILLER IN POLYMER CONCRETE

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Mirza ◽  
Nur Hafizah A. Khalid ◽  
Mohd Warid Hussin ◽  
Mohammad Ismail ◽  
Mohamed A. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Polymer Concrete ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Filling Ability ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the potential of utilizing an agricultural waste known as palm oil fuel ash (POFA) as micro-filler in polymer concrete (PC). Being a plant with open cellulose structure, such potential has gone untapped due to its tendency to take up excessive resin during the mixing process. This study has invested its filler characterization by first segregating the POFA fillers into fine (ground POFA, GPOFA) and coarse (unground POFA, UPOFA) fillers. GPOFA was paired with calcium carbonate while UPOFA was with silica sand for comparisons. Filler characteristics were studied under microstructural examination; particle size analyzer and morphology. Twenty design mixes of polymer blended and polymer concrete were casted for flowability and compression tests, respectively. Further investigations were carried out after two categories of fillers were incorporated with different filler contents.  Test data showed that filler had changed its physical features significantly after surface modification. Also, the finer fillers gave superior filling ability and compressive strength. This study concluded that POFA can be potentially transformed into effective PC filler following some physical modifications and mixing with the appropriate design mix. 

Effects of Mould Pressure and Substitution of Quartz by Palm Oil Fuel Ash on Compressive Strength of Porcelain

2015 ◽  
Vol 1087 ◽  
pp. 121-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Usman Jamo ◽  
Mohamad Zaky Noh ◽  
Zainal Arifin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Oil Fuel

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a by-product from agricultural waste produced thousand tonnes every year. This paper presents the use of treated POFA as a substitute material for quartz in fabricating an improved porcelain ceramic. Untreated POFA was dried in an oven at 100 oC for 24 h. Then, it was ground in a ball mill for 1.5 h with the revolution rate of 200 rev/min to reduce the particle size. Next, it was sieved to remove the particles coarser than 50 μm. The POFA was treated by heating it at a temperature of 600 oC for 1.5 h. The mixed powder was then pressed into pellets at mould pressure of 31 MPa, 61 MPa, 91 MPa and 121 MPa. All the pellets were sintered at the temperature of 1100 oC for 2 h soaking time. It was found that the highest compressive strength of 34 MPa is at 15 wt% POFA and mould pressure of 91 MPa. The increment in the strength could be attributed from the changes in the microstructural features as a result of an optimum applied pressure.

Microstructural Study of Leached Nitrided Malaysian Ilmenite with Coal-Polystyrene Reductant

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yaraghi ◽  
Mohammad Hanif Abang Sapri ◽  
Eltefat Ahmadi ◽  
Norlia Baharun ◽  
Sheikh Abdul Rezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Dissolution ◽  
Microstructural Study ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) produced from Malaysian ilmenite consists of impurities such as iron that adversely affect the efficiency of chlorination process. In this paper, the dissolution of iron present in TiOxCyNz was performed using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution at 70 °C from 4-6 hrs. Effects of acid concentration, catalyst amount and leaching time on the rate of iron dissolution were also investigated. Microstructural and/or morphological studies of the raw materials, and products were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. The results obtained from SEM/EDX analysis for the reduced samples HR15 (15% Polystyrene (PS) + 85% coal (C)), HR25 (25% PS + 75% C) and HR35 (35% PS + 65% C) showed that most of the Titanium oxycarbonitrides were found in the circular shape with increase grain coarsening. Iron dissolution was accelerated with acid concentrations and it increased with increasing leaching time from 4 to 6 hrs. The results also showed that the percentage of Fe removed from titanium oxycarbonitride was ~ 76.85% at 70 °C for 6 hrs with the PS/C ratio of 0.18 and 1 wt. % of glucose as catalyst.

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