Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Forsterite Refractory Produced from Thai Talc and Magnesite

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Surapattanapong Kullatham ◽  
Sakdiphon Thiansem
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
True Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Subsequent Calcination

This paper reports the synthesis, characterizations, microstructure and properties of forsterite powder produced in Thailand from talc and magnesite as raw materials by using mechanical activation with subsequent calcination. The synthesis forsterite powder were mixed by using talc and magnesite at 1:5 mole ratio. The maximum milling time was 24 h in a planetary zirconia ball mill. Afterward, the mixtures were calcined in an electric furnace for 1 h at 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300°C respectively. The synthesized powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical properties. Results of the physical properties of synthesized forsterite showed an increased in density as the calcining temperature increased. In contrast, porosity was decreased with an increase of the calcining temperature. Therefore, forsterite that was calcined at 1300°C provided the best results which were 2.96 g/cm3 of true density and 15.41% of true porosity. Results of XRD of synthesized powder indicated that the forsterite crystallization was constant for which sharpen appeared after 5 h of mechanical activation. Fraction of forsterite was appeared after being calcined at 1000°C for 1 h with an increasing of calcination temperature, the fraction of forsterite phase increased. Based on the mentioned characteristics, the forsterite produced from Thai talc and magnesite exhibited properties of an insulator and can potentially be used as refractory devices.

Ball Milling of the β-FeSi2 Phase

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Benilde F.O. Costa ◽  
Gerard Le Caër ◽  
M. Ramos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mössbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Mossbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mößbauer Spectroscopy

A β-FeSi2 sample was ball-milled for different periods in a vibratory ball-mill and studied by X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It transforms gradually with milling time into an α-FeSi2 phase.

Formation of TiC-Reinforced Iron Based Composite through Carbothermal Reduction of Hematite and Anatase

2010 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Mohd Salihin Hassin ◽  
Zuhailawati Hussain ◽  
Palaniandy Samayamutthirian
Keyword(s):  
Carbothermal Reduction ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anatase Tio2 ◽  
Vacuum Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3

In this research carbothermal reduction of mechanical activated hematite (Fe2O3), anatase (TiO2) and graphite (C) mixture was investigated. Mixture of raw materials with composition of Fe-20vol%TiC was mechanically activated in a planetary ball mill with different milling time (0h-60h) in argon atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the intensity of Fe2O3 reduced with milling time. The activated powders were pressed using cold pressing under a constant pressure (100MPa) and heat treated at 1100°C for sintering in a vacuum furnace. The increase in milling time resulted in the formation of iron (Fe) and titanium carbide (TiC) phase as confirmed by XRD result.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Single-Phase NiTi by Combustion Synthesis of Mechanically Activated Powders

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
S. Mousavi Nasab ◽  
M. Aboutalebi ◽  
S. H. Seyedein ◽  
A. Molavi Kakhki ◽  
J. Vahdati Khaki
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Synthesis ◽  
Ignition Temperature ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Mixtures ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Time

Single-phase NiTi was fabricated through the thermal explosion mode of combustion synthesis of mechanically activated powders. Combustion and ignition temperatures of combustion synthesis were investigated in different milling times. In this process, equiatomic powder mixtures of nickel and titanium were activated by planetary ball mill and pressed into disk-shaped pellets then heated in a tube furnace, while temperature-time profile was recorded. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed on milled powders as well as synthesized samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to study the microstructural evolution during milling. The results showed that there was a threshold milling time to obtain single-phase NiTi. It was also seen that the ignition temperature and combustion temperature were reduced significantly by increasing milling time.

Microstructural Study of Leached Nitrided Malaysian Ilmenite with Coal-Polystyrene Reductant

2016 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yaraghi ◽  
Mohammad Hanif Abang Sapri ◽  
Eltefat Ahmadi ◽  
Norlia Baharun ◽  
Sheikh Abdul Rezan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Dissolution ◽  
Microstructural Study ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chlorination Process ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Xrf Scanning ◽  
Scanning Electron

Titanium oxycarbonitride (TiOxCyNz) produced from Malaysian ilmenite consists of impurities such as iron that adversely affect the efficiency of chlorination process. In this paper, the dissolution of iron present in TiOxCyNz was performed using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution at 70 °C from 4-6 hrs. Effects of acid concentration, catalyst amount and leaching time on the rate of iron dissolution were also investigated. Microstructural and/or morphological studies of the raw materials, and products were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. The results obtained from SEM/EDX analysis for the reduced samples HR15 (15% Polystyrene (PS) + 85% coal (C)), HR25 (25% PS + 75% C) and HR35 (35% PS + 65% C) showed that most of the Titanium oxycarbonitrides were found in the circular shape with increase grain coarsening. Iron dissolution was accelerated with acid concentrations and it increased with increasing leaching time from 4 to 6 hrs. The results also showed that the percentage of Fe removed from titanium oxycarbonitride was ~ 76.85% at 70 °C for 6 hrs with the PS/C ratio of 0.18 and 1 wt. % of glucose as catalyst.

Synthesis of Titanium Carbonitride Powders by Reactive Ball Milling of Titanium, Graphite and Urea

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Jin Feng Sun ◽  
Kun Quan ◽  
Ji Sheng Sun ◽  
Yong Qiang Meng
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Titanium Carbonitride ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Titanium carbonitride (TiCN) nanocrystaline powders were syntheiszed by reactive ball milling of titanium, graphite and urea. GN-2 ball milling was used and the rotation speed was 600rpm. The ratio of ball to material was 30:1, the milling time was from 10 hours to 50 hours. The powders milled for different time were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The results show that TiCN powders can be synthesized by milling 10 hours, although some raw materials remained. After milled for 50 hours, the raw materials can reactive completely to form TiCN and the grain size of the TiCN powder was about 7 nm.

Mechanically Activated Synthesis of CaTiO3 from Mixture of CaO and TiO2

2005 ◽  
Vol 494 ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.M. Vukotić ◽  
N. Radojević ◽  
Ljiljana Živković ◽  
Z. Vuković ◽  
B.D. Stojanović
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Modification Of Titanium

Crystalline calcium titanate was synthesized by mechanical activation of a mixture of CaO, obtained by thermal treatment of CaCO3, and TiO2 in anatase or rutile form, in a planetary ball mill for 30, 60, 120 and 240 min.. The effect of milling on the solid-state reaction was followed by X-ray diffraction. Changes in powder size and morphology due to milling were determinate by SEM, while BET analysis was made to determine the specific surface area of powders. It was pointed out that the formation of calcium titanate was more easily achieved by mechanical activation synthesis of the mixture of calcium oxide and anatase modification of titanium oxide compared to the rutile form.

Production of Ti-13Nb-13Zr Alloy by PM for Biomedical Applications Using Zirconium Oxide Grinding Bowl and Balls

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
José Hélio Duvaizem ◽  
A.M. Fajardo ◽  
Luzinete Pereira Barbosa ◽  
Ana Helena Almeida Bressiani ◽  
Hidetoshi Takiishi
Keyword(s):  
Zirconium Oxide ◽  
Ball Mill ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Vickers Microhardness ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
13Zr Alloy ◽  
Powder Size Distribution

In this present work Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy was produced by PM using planetary ball mill with zirconium oxide grinding bowl and balls to reduce contamination. The effect of milling time upon microstructure and microhardness was studied. Powders have been produced by hydrogenation of Ti, Nb and Zr at 1MPa. Milling speed was 200 rpm during 90 to 360 min. Sintering was carried out at 1150°C during 10h. Powder size distribution was analyzed using CILAS equipment and chemically characterized by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Microhardness was determined by means of a Vickers microhardness tester. Microstructure and phases were analyzed employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction.

IR Reflectivity Studies of Mechanically Alloyed PbTe Nanocrystals

2009 ◽  
Vol 1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Ch. Hasapis ◽  
Chrysi Papageorgiou ◽  
Euripides Hatzikraniotis ◽  
Theodora Kyratsi ◽  
Konstantinos M Paraskevopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Ball Mill ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Lead Telluride ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mechanically Alloyed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Ball Milling Time

AbstractNano-crystalline lead telluride powder was synthesized by mechanical alloying using a high-energy planetary ball mill. The broadening of the X-ray diffraction peaks vs ball milling time, indicates small crystalline size of the order of 30nm. IR spectroscopy results are discussed and compared to the material prepared from melt.

A Facile Co-Precipitation Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Red-Emitting La2O2SO4: x%Eu3+ Nanophosphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Jing Bao Lian ◽  
Guang Xi Xu ◽  
Nian Chu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Luminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Double Exponential ◽  
Subsequent Calcination ◽  
Light Excitation ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Decay Behavior

A series of Eu3+ ions activated La2O2SO4 nanophosphors had been prepared successfully by a facial co-precipitation route followed by a subsequent calcination treatment. The commercial Eu2O3, La2O3, HNO3, (NH4)2SO4 and NH3·H2O were used as the raw materials. The structural analyses and luminescence properties of as-prepared products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. Pure La2O2SO4 quasi-sphere nanoparticles with an average diameter of 40 nm were successfully prepared by calcining the precursor at 800 °C for 2 h in air. PL results reveal that the strongest red emission peak is centred at 617 nm upon 393 nm light excitation, corresponding to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. Its quenching concentration is 9 mol%, which can be attributed to the exchange interaction among Eu3+ ions and the corresponding decay process shows a double exponential decay behavior, with 0.310 μs for t1 and 1.419 μs for t2.

Effect of Milling and Calcium Phosphate on Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured TiNbMo/CPP Biocomposites

2012 ◽  
Vol 452-453 ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Kee Do Woo ◽  
Sang Hoon Park ◽  
Ji Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Milling Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increase Milling Time ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) alloy have been widely used as alternative bone due to its excellent biocompatibility, although it still has many problems such as high elastic modulus and toxic. Therefore, biomaterial with low elastic modulus and nontoxic has to be developed. In this study, the raw materials which are nontoxic elements such as Nb and Mo were mixed and milled in a mixing machine (24h) and a high energy mechanical ball milling machine (1h, 4h and 8h) respectively. Ti-Nb-Mo-CPP composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1000°C under 70MPa using mixed and milled powders. The effects of CPP contents and milling time on biocompatibility and mechanical property have been investigated. By X-ray diffraction (XRD), chemical reaction during the sintering was occurred and revealed new phases, Ti2O, CaO, CaTiO3, and TixPy. Vickers hardness of composites increases with increase milling time and addition of CPP contents. Biocompatibility of CPP added Ti-Nb-Mo alloys were improved.

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