scholarly journals Investigation of the Effect of Six Weeks Electro Muscle Stimulation Training on Physical Changes in the Sedentary Men and Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tahir Kılıç ◽  
Alkan Ugurlu
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Muscle Stimulation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Physical Changes

The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effect of six weeks electrostimulation training on physical changes in the sedentary men and women. Electro muscle stimulation (EMS), which is applied since the discovery of contraction under the influence of electrical currents, on the purpose of rehabilitation and treatment purposes, has attracted the attention of coaches, athletes and sports scientists as a popular training method over time. In the present research, 6 weeks, 3 days a week and for 25 minutes in a day of EMS machine training program was applied to the sedentary women n=12 and sedentary men n=12. In order to determine effect of EMS machine training on the physical changes which are body mass, % body fat, fat mass, body mass index, total body water, fat free mass, muscle mass, Tanita (SC-300) Body Composition Analyzer was used as a pre-test and post-test. The results of the Tanita body measurements were analyzed by using SPSS computer program, the standard deviations were calculated, and pre- and post-training statistical paired samples T Test analysis were made. According to SPSS analysis results, there are statistically significant increases in the % body fat, fat mass, soft muscle tissues, extracellular and intracellular liquid weights and cell mass weights (p<0.05). There are increases in other results which is, body mass, BMI, muscle mass, metabolic ages, obesity levels, internal fat, bone mineral weights and skeletal muscle mass, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Only EMS training has increased the maximum power associated with sports, due to the increase in the speed of movement. In addition, the stronger long-term effects of EMS training provide new opportunities, as determined by the duration of the training. The right application of full-body EMS training with dynamic exercise movements is a promising combination for power and speed training.

scholarly journals Seasonal and Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition by Sport-Position in NCAA Division I Basketball Athletes

Sports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fields ◽  
Justin Merrigan ◽  
Jason White ◽  
Margaret Jones
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Ncaa Division I ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Within Subjects

The purpose of this study was to assess the body composition of male and female basketball athletes (n = 323) across season, year, and sport-position using air displacement plethysmography. An independent sample t-test assessed sport-position differences. An analysis of variance was used to assess within-subjects across season (pre-season, in-season, and off-season), and academic year (freshman, sophomore, and junior). For both men and women basketball (MBB, WBB) athletes, guards had the lowest body fat, fat mass, fat free mass, and body mass. No seasonal differences were observed in MBB, but following in-season play for WBB, a reduction of (p = 0.03) in fat free mass (FFM) was observed. Across years, MBB showed an increase in FFM from freshman to sophomore year, yet remained unchanged through junior year. For WBB across years, no differences occurred for body mass (BM), body fat (BF%), and fat mass (FM), yet FFM increased from sophomore to junior year (p = 0.009). Sport-position differences exist in MBB and WBB: Guards were found to be smaller and leaner than forwards. Due to the importance of body composition (BC) on athletic performance, along with seasonal and longitudinal shifts in BC, strength and conditioning practitioners should periodically assess athletes BC to ensure preservation of FFM. Training and nutrition programming can then be adjusted in response to changes in BC.

scholarly journals Differences in Body Composition among Patientsafter Hemorrhagic and Ischemic Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 4170
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński ◽  
Marta Mierzwa-Molenda ◽  
Natalia Habik-Tatarowska
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass

The aim of the study was to assess differences in the body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke. There were 74 male participants in the study, of which 13 (18%) experienced hemorrhagic stroke, while 61 (82%) were after ischemic stroke. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher values of body composition variables were noted for ischemic compared to hemorrhagic strokes, and concerned: body mass (BM) (kg), basal metabolic rate (BMR) (kJ), fat-free mass (FFM) (kg), total body water (TBW) (kg), muscle mass (MM) (kg), visceral fat level (VFL), bone mass (BoM) (kg), extracellular water(ECW) (kg),intracellular water (ICW) (kg), trunk fat-free mass (TFFM) (kg) and trunk muscle mass (TMM) (kg)in the paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb; FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the paretic lower limbas well as FFM (kg) and MM (kg) in the non-paretic lower limb without paresis. Only for the variables fat mass (FM) (kg), body mass index (BMI), metabolic age (MA), trunk fat mass (TFM) (kg), and FM (kg) in the paretic upper limb and FM (kg) in the non-paretic upper limb were there no significant differences. Significant differences in body composition of patients after hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke have been demonstrated. Individuals after ischemic stroke had significantly worse body composition. Incorrect body composition is a significant risk factor, especially of ischemic stroke.

scholarly journals Study of body mass index in physically active young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Korolev ◽  
Dmitry A. Pustovalov ◽  
Oleg P. Karazhelyaskov ◽  
Anna N. Arkhangelskaya ◽  
Victoria A. Zaborova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Cell ◽  
Hip Circumference

BACKGROUND: One of the indicators for assessing the state of human health is the body mass index. But this indicator does not give an objective picture, for example, it does not reflect the features of a person's physique. To assess the type of obesity, the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference is used. This can lead to an incorrect assessment of the nutritional status, and, accordingly, incorrect recommendations for the prevention of non-communicable human diseases. АIMS: To evaluate the indicators: body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips, the results were compared with the data of a bioimpedance study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 154 people of different physical fitness were examined (105 people are athletes, 49 are not engaged in sports). All the surveyed are men, from 15 to 25 years old. The results were obtained for the following indicators: body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, bioimpedance study (assessment of fat mass, lean mass, active cell mass, dry muscle mass, total, extracellular and intracellular water). RESULTS: Тhe body mass index significantly correlates with such indicators as fat mass, lean mass, dry muscle mass, as well as the water content in the body. The correlation relationship with fat mass is positive, with other indicators ― negative. There is no reliable correlation with the active cell mass. The ratio of waist circumference to hips had a reliable relationship with all the indicators we evaluated. A negative correlation was noted with the fat mass, and a positive correlation was observed for the rest of the indicators. In people who are actively engaged in sports, the relationship between the body mass index and the content of adipose tissue in the body is more pronounced. The body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in athletes are more correlated with the data of the bioimpedance study. A reliable relationship between the body mass index and the ratio of the waist circumference to the hips has not been established. Thus, it is necessary to conclude that when assessing the state of the body, it is necessary to take into account both indicators. None of these parameters can be used to determine the risks of developing non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: Body mass index indicators, as well as the ratio of waist circumference to hips, significantly correlate with the results of bioimpedance examination, with the exception of active cell mass. It is advisable to use the body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips as one of the simplest ways to determine risk groups for the development of non-communicable diseases during a mass screening study.

Prevalence of obesity using the body mass index and equivalent age- and sex-specific thresholds for percentage body fat mass

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e93
Author(s):  
Julie A. Pasco ◽  
Haslinda Gould ◽  
Kara L. Holloway ◽  
Amelia G. Dobbins ◽  
Mark A. Kotowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

scholarly journals Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Current ART Regimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tiraboschi ◽  
Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz ◽  
Dolors Giralt ◽  
Carmen Gomez-Vaquero ◽  
Maria Saumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Objectives To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/μL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P &lt; 0.03). Conclusions We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.

One- and two-year change in body composition as measured by DXA in a population-based cohort of older men and women

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2368-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Marco Pahor ◽  
Frances Tylavsky ◽  
Stephen B. Kritchevsky ◽  
Jane A. Cauley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Changing body composition has been suggested as a pathway to explain age-related functional decline. No data are available on the expected changes in body composition as measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a population-based cohort of older persons. Body composition data at baseline, 1-yr follow-up, and 2-yr follow-up was measured by DXA in 2,040 well-functioning black and white men and women aged 70–79 yr, participants of the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. After 2 yr, a small decline in total body mass was observed (men: −0.3%, women: −0.4%). Among men, fat-free mass and appendicular lean soft tissue mass (ALST) decreased by −1.1 and −0.8%, respectively, which was masked by a simultaneous increase in total fat mass (+2.0%). Among women, a decline in fat-free mass was observed after 2 yr only (−0.6%) with no change in ALST and body fat mass. After 2 yr, the decline in ALST was greater in blacks than whites. Change in total body mass was associated with change in ALST ( r = +0.58 to +0.70; P < 0.0001). Among participants who lost total body mass, men lost relatively more ALST than women, and blacks lost relatively more ALST than whites. In conclusion, the mean change in body composition after a 1- to 2-yr follow-up was 1–2% with a high interindividual variability. Loss of ALST was greater in men compared with women, and greater in blacks compared with whites, suggesting that men and blacks may be more prone to muscle loss.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BODY COMPOSITION PARAMETERS IN TEAM SPORTS AND SPRINT TRAINED INDIAN ATHLETES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2021) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Subhojit Chatterjee ◽  
◽  
Usra Hasan ◽  
Subhra Chatterjee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Body Cell Mass ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Body Cell

Introduction: Physiological and body composition variables have important role for assessment of training status and evaluation of health status of athletes. Regular monitoring of these variables during training may provide valuable information to coaches for training and selection of players’ training protocol participating in both team sports and individual events. Purpose and objectives of the study: The aims of this study were to compare physiological and body composition variables between male athletes participating in team sports (football) and individual sprint event and also to correlate training duration (both in years and hours per week) of male athletes participating in both team sports as well as sprint with physiological and body composition variables. Applied Methodology: The study was carried out with thirty-year-old (n=30) and BMI matching male Indian athletes participating in team sports (football, n=16) and individual sprint event (n=14), having minimum 2 years of official training. They were in post competitive phase during the test. Several physiological and body composition variables were assessed such as height, weight, body mass index, training age (years), training time (hours/week), fat mass, fat-free mass, body cell mass, muscle mass, VO2 max, maximal power, training intensity and fatigue index following standard protocol. Achieved major results: The sprinters were found to possess significantly more fat free mass (p < .01), body cell mass (p < .01), muscle mass (p < .01), less fat mass (p < .05) and more average anaerobic power (p < .01) than their peers - football players. However, no significant correlation was found between any of the measured physiological and body composition parameters and the training status of these players. Conclusion: This study would provide useful information for assigning training protocols to the athletes participating in team sports and individual sprint events on the basis of physiological and body composition parameters.

scholarly journals Comparison of Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) versus a Multi-frequency Bioelectrical Impedance (InBody 770) Device for Body Composition Assessment after a 4-Week Hypoenergetic Diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio ◽  
Kenyon ◽  
Ellerbroek ◽  
Carson ◽  
Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
X Ray

The purpose of this investigation was to compare two different methods of assessing body composition (i.e., a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)) over a four-week treatment period in exercise-trained men and women. Subjects were instructed to reduce their energy intake while maintaining the same exercise regimen for a period of four weeks. Pre and post assessments for body composition (i.e., fat-free mass, fat mass, percent body fat) were determined via the MF-BIA and DXA. On average, subjects reduced their energy intake by ~18 percent. The MF-BIA underestimated fat mass and percentage body fat and overestimated fat-free mass in comparison to the DXA. However, when assessing the change in fat mass, fat-free mass or percent body fat, there were no statistically significant differences between the MF-BIA vs. DXA. Overall, the change in percent body fat using the DXA vs. the MF-BIA was −1.3 ± 0.9 and −1.4 ± 1.8, respectively. Our data suggest that when tracking body composition over a period of four weeks, the MF-BIA may be a viable alternative to the DXA in exercise-trained men and women.

Whole Body Fat Free Mass and Vo2peak in Recreationally Active Men and Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105
Author(s):  
Charles Paul Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
Hydrostatic Weighing ◽  
Verification Test ◽  
Oxygen Difference

BACKGROUND: Vo2peak has traditionally been thought to be regulated by cardiac output and arteriovenous-oxygen difference. A “muscle-centric” view suggests the cardiovascular system is secondarily responsive to the primary driver: active muscle mass.METHODS: A total of 19 recreationally active men (N = 10) and women (N = 9) performed a Vo2peak test, a Vo2peak verification test on an electrically braked cycle ergometer on the same day, and a hydrostatic weighing test to assess fat free mass after providing written informed consent.RESULTS: Vo2peak was significantly higher in men (3.74 ± 0.6 L · min−1) than women (2.22 ± 0.30 L · min−1). Whole body fat free mass explained 91% of the variability in Vo2peak (R2 = 0.91) in the men and women combined, 81% of the variability in Vo2peak in men alone, and 46% of the variability in Vo2peak in women alone. None of these subjects were highly trained.DISCUSSION: Fat free mass, a surrogate for muscle mass, was the primary predictor of Vo2peak in this group of recreationally active men and women. Therefore, it appears that whole body fat free mass (a surrogate for muscle mass) is the primary driver for Vo2peak in these recreationally active men and women. These data have implications as to the type of training NASA personnel should be undertaking: resistance training as opposed to aerobic training.Lambert CP. Whole body fat free mass and Vo2peak in recreationally active men and women. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(2):102–105.

Effect of growth hormone administration and treadmill exercise on the body composition of rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Yeh ◽  
J. F. Aloia ◽  
M. Chen ◽  
S. Sprintz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Growth Hormone Administration ◽  
Hormone Administration

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of growth hormone administration and treadmill exercise on bone mass, body fat mass, and fat-free mass. Forty female rats aged 14 mo were divided into control, ovine growth hormone administration (0.5 mg.kg-1.day-1; GH), treadmill exercise (17 m/min, 60 min/day; EX), and EX + GH groups. Noninvasive total body electrical conductivity and dual X-ray absorptiometry techniques were used to assess the body fat content, fat-free mass, and tibial and L4 vertebral bone mineral content of each experimental animal at weeks 0, 9, and 16. The age-related increase in body fat mass was suppressed in the GH group, and the fat-free mass and L4 bone mass were higher in the GH group than in the control group. Conversely, in the EX group there was no gain in body fat mass and no significant change in fat-free mass or vertebral bone mass. The tibial bone mass increased in both the GH and EX groups; however, the time response to the two interventions appeared to differ. In the EX + GH group there was no further enhancement of the anabolic effect on the tibial bone mass. The effect of growth hormone administration on body fat content and bone mass is distinct from that of treadmill exercise.

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