Study of body mass index in physically active young people

BACKGROUND: One of the indicators for assessing the state of human health is the body mass index. But this indicator does not give an objective picture, for example, it does not reflect the features of a person's physique. To assess the type of obesity, the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference is used. This can lead to an incorrect assessment of the nutritional status, and, accordingly, incorrect recommendations for the prevention of non-communicable human diseases. АIMS: To evaluate the indicators: body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips, the results were compared with the data of a bioimpedance study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 154 people of different physical fitness were examined (105 people are athletes, 49 are not engaged in sports). All the surveyed are men, from 15 to 25 years old. The results were obtained for the following indicators: body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, bioimpedance study (assessment of fat mass, lean mass, active cell mass, dry muscle mass, total, extracellular and intracellular water). RESULTS: Тhe body mass index significantly correlates with such indicators as fat mass, lean mass, dry muscle mass, as well as the water content in the body. The correlation relationship with fat mass is positive, with other indicators ― negative. There is no reliable correlation with the active cell mass. The ratio of waist circumference to hips had a reliable relationship with all the indicators we evaluated. A negative correlation was noted with the fat mass, and a positive correlation was observed for the rest of the indicators. In people who are actively engaged in sports, the relationship between the body mass index and the content of adipose tissue in the body is more pronounced. The body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in athletes are more correlated with the data of the bioimpedance study. A reliable relationship between the body mass index and the ratio of the waist circumference to the hips has not been established. Thus, it is necessary to conclude that when assessing the state of the body, it is necessary to take into account both indicators. None of these parameters can be used to determine the risks of developing non-communicable diseases. CONCLUSION: Body mass index indicators, as well as the ratio of waist circumference to hips, significantly correlate with the results of bioimpedance examination, with the exception of active cell mass. It is advisable to use the body mass index and the ratio of waist circumference to hips as one of the simplest ways to determine risk groups for the development of non-communicable diseases during a mass screening study.

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The Effect of L-Carnitine Supplementation on Weight and Body Composition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security ◽

10.18502/jnfs.v5i3.3801 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Pakravanfar ◽

Akram Ghadiri-Anari ◽

Azadeh Nadjarzadeh ◽

Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽

Mahdieh Hosseinzadeh

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Double Blind ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common causes of endocrine disorders with irregular menstruation, is accompanied by an increase in androgen and polycystic ovarian. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss regimen with and without supplementation. L-carnitine affects lipid profile, insulin, and hormone resistance indices. Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted over women within the age range of 18 to 45 years, who referred to Yazd Diabetes Center in 2019. The participants were divided into the experimental and control groups. The intervention group received 1000 mg L-carnitine (LG = 28) and the placebo group (PG = 28) received the placebo daily. All people followed a low celery diet for 12 weeks. Anthropometric indices and body composition (weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, fat mass, and free fat mass) were measured prior to and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 22. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the mean changes between the LG and PG. Results: At the end of the study period, patients treated with L-carnitine showed a significant decrease in waist circumference compared to the PG (change: -1 ± 3.15, P = 0.001) and no significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of other anthropometrics indices and body composition including fat mass, body mass index, and hip circumference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The present study showed that 1000 mg oral L-carnitine had no significant effect on body weight, body mass index, body composition, and hip circumference, but had a significant effect on waist circumference size.

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Beyond Body Mass Index. Is the Body Cell Mass Index (BCMI) a useful prognostic factor to describe nutritional, inflammation and muscle mass status in hospitalized elderly?

Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.clnu.2017.03.021 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 934-939 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mariangela Rondanelli ◽

Jacopo Talluri ◽

Gabriella Peroni ◽

Chiara Donelli ◽

Fabio Guerriero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Prognostic Factor ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Body Cell Mass ◽

Body Cell ◽

Hospitalized Elderly

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HYPERTENSION

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.03.2363 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (03) ◽

pp. 440-444

Author(s):

SHAHANA ARSHI ◽

MAZHAR BADSHAH ◽

FARRAH NAZ ◽

Fakhra Naheed ◽

Fasih-un- Nisa

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Central Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Hip Circumference ◽

Waist Hip Ratio ◽

History Of ◽

Middle Socioeconomic Status

ABSTRACT…Objective: To evaluate association of hypertension with central obesity in low to middle socioeconomic population. Study design: Descriptive study. Setting: OPD, Filter Clinic. Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences. Islamabad. Period: June to September 2008. Methods: This study was carried out on 85 patients with history of hypertension. Out of total patients, 27 were males and 58 were females. The ages of the all patients were between 20 to 70 years. Parameters recorded included history, blood pressure, weight, height, waist circumference and hip circumference. The secondary causes were ruled out on the basis of history and physical examination. Data and results were analyzed in SPSS. Results: Out of 85 patients, 74 including 21 males and 53 females had increased Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), 66 including 14 males and 61 females had increased Waist Circumference (WC), while the Body Mass Index (BMI) of 33 including 6 males & 27 females were found obese. It also showed that the females are more prone to obesity. The age group between 41-60 years was most effected. The results indicates that waist hip ratio is the most common indicator of obesity in patients with essential hypertension as compare to waist circumference and body mass index. Conclusions: Hypertension is associated with central obesity in low to middle socioeconomic status.

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The Relationship between Physical Activity, Body Mass Index and Body Composition among Students at a Pre-University Centre in Malaysia

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v19i2.1567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

Author(s):

You HW ◽

Tan PL ◽

Mat Ludin AF

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

University Students ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Study Results ◽

The Relationship

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity is an essential element in our daily life that leads to long-term health benefits. Physical activity refers to movement of the body that requires energy. Body mass index (BMI) indicates a ratio of body weight to squared height, which is a useful health indicator. On the contrary, body composition describes the body by measuring percentages of fat and muscle in human bodies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the relationship between physical activities, BMI and body composition among pre-university students from one of the universities in Selangor, Malaysia. Stratified random sampling was employed to recruit 70 pre-university students into this study. RESULTS: From the study, 50% of the respondents are categorized as minimally active. In addition, there is significant difference between the physical activity levels of male and female respondents. The relationship between physical activity and BMI indicates a very weak negative correlation. Similarly, the correlation between physical activity and fat mass is a weak negative relationship. Meanwhile, there is a weak positive correlation between physical activity and muscle mass. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it can be concluded that when physical activity increases, BMI and body fat mass will decrease, while muscle mass will increase. Moreover, it was shown that there was a significant relationship between physical activity and body composition.

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Investigation of the Effect of Six Weeks Electro Muscle Stimulation Training on Physical Changes in the Sedentary Men and Women

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v6i9.3347 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Tahir Kılıç ◽

Alkan Ugurlu

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Muscle Stimulation ◽

Men And Women ◽

Physical Changes

The purpose of this study was to investigation of the effect of six weeks electrostimulation training on physical changes in the sedentary men and women. Electro muscle stimulation (EMS), which is applied since the discovery of contraction under the influence of electrical currents, on the purpose of rehabilitation and treatment purposes, has attracted the attention of coaches, athletes and sports scientists as a popular training method over time. In the present research, 6 weeks, 3 days a week and for 25 minutes in a day of EMS machine training program was applied to the sedentary women n=12 and sedentary men n=12. In order to determine effect of EMS machine training on the physical changes which are body mass, % body fat, fat mass, body mass index, total body water, fat free mass, muscle mass, Tanita (SC-300) Body Composition Analyzer was used as a pre-test and post-test. The results of the Tanita body measurements were analyzed by using SPSS computer program, the standard deviations were calculated, and pre- and post-training statistical paired samples T Test analysis were made. According to SPSS analysis results, there are statistically significant increases in the % body fat, fat mass, soft muscle tissues, extracellular and intracellular liquid weights and cell mass weights (p<0.05). There are increases in other results which is, body mass, BMI, muscle mass, metabolic ages, obesity levels, internal fat, bone mineral weights and skeletal muscle mass, but not statistically significant (p>0.05). Only EMS training has increased the maximum power associated with sports, due to the increase in the speed of movement. In addition, the stronger long-term effects of EMS training provide new opportunities, as determined by the duration of the training. The right application of full-body EMS training with dynamic exercise movements is a promising combination for power and speed training.

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The Association of Obesity and Liver Enzyme Activities in a Student Population at Increased Risk for Cardiovascular Disease / Veza Između Gojaznosti I Aktivnosti Jetrenih Enzima U Studentskoj Populaciji Sa Povećanim Rizikom Za Nastanak Kardiovaskularnih Bolesti

Journal of Medical Biochemistry ◽

10.2478/v10011-012-0024-z ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 26-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Emina Čolak ◽

Dragana Pap ◽

Nada Majkić-Singh ◽

Ivana Obradović

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Liver Enzyme ◽

Body Mass ◽

Statistical Processing ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Increased Risk

Summary Background: It has been reported that obesity is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, cardiovascular risk but also with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents is increasing rapidly all over the world. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of liver enzymes: AST, ALT and γGT in a group of obese students in order to establish their correlation to anthropometric parameters such as: BMI (body mass index), WC (waist circumference), HC (hip circumference), and WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) compared to non-obese students who comprised the control group (CG). Methods: In this study, 238 students from the University of Novi Sad of both sexes (126 men and 112 women) with a mean age of 22.32 ± 1.85 years were included. According to the body mass index (BMI) lower and higher than 25 kg/m2 and waist circumference (WC) lower and higher than 94 cm (80 cm for females) the whole group of 238 students was divided into 2 subgroups: the obese group at increased risk for CVD (Group 1) and the group at lower risk for CVD (Group 2). AST, ALT and γGT activities were determined in fasting blood samples. Results: Statistical processing data revealed significantly higher values of AST, ALT and γGT in the group of students with BMI>25 kg/m2, WC>94 cm for males and WC>80 cm for females, HC>108 cm for males and HC>111 cm for females, and WHR>0.90 for males and WHR>0.80 for females (P<0.001). Significant association was established between anthropometric parameters and liver enzyme levels (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Obese students with higher BMI, WC, HC and WHR values have higher liver enzyme activites and a higher chance to develop NAFLD in the future.

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Waist Circumference Adjusted for Body Mass Index and Intra-Abdominal Fat Mass

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0032213 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e32213 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Tina Landsvig Berentzen ◽

Lars Ängquist ◽

Anna Kotronen ◽

Ronald Borra ◽

Hannele Yki-Järvinen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Abdominal Fat

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Effects of a resistance training community programme in older adults

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x20001786 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Majid Mufaqam Syed-Abdul ◽

Chrissa L. McClellan ◽

Elizabeth J. Parks ◽

Stephen D. Ball

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Training Programme ◽

Haemoglobin A1c ◽

Community Based ◽

Resistance Training Programme

Abstract Ageing is associated with reduced muscle mass, strength, flexibility and balance, resulting in a poor quality of life (QOL). Past studies have occurred in highly controlled laboratory settings which provide strong support to determine whether similar gains can be made in community programmes. Twenty participants were enrolled in an eight-week community-based resistance training programme (mean age = 61.3 (standard error (SE) = 0.9) years); Body Mass Index = 32.0 (SE = 1.3) kg/m2). All participants completed surveys to assess outcomes associated with QOL. Given the relationship between muscle function and nerve health, nerve conduction studies (NCS) were also conducted in a separate group of participants (mean age = 64.9 (SE = 2.0) years; Body Mass Index = 32.6 (SE = 1.9) kg/m2). This community-based training programme significantly improved QOL measures in older adults (p < 0.001). Although weight loss was not the primary outcome of the study, participants reduced their body weights (p < 0.001), by primarily reducing fat mass (p = 0.007) while maintaining muscle mass. Significant improvements were observed in muscle strength (2.2%), flexibility and balance (3.2–464.2%, p ⩽ 0.05 for all). Improvements were also observed in plasma glucose (p = 0.05), haemoglobin A1C (p = 0.06) and aldolase enzyme levels (p < 0.001). Scores for surveys on memory and sleep improved (p < 0.05). Improved QOL was associated with increased lean mass (r = −0.714, p = 0.002), decreased fat mass (r = −0.702, p = 0.003) and improved flexibility and balance (r = −0.627, p = 0.008). An eight-week, community-based resistance training programme significantly improved QOL in older adults. Influence on the lipid profile and NCS still needs further investigation.

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Trends in obesity and adiposity measures by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States 2011-18: population based study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.n365 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. n365

Author(s):

Buyun Liu ◽

Yang Du ◽

Yuxiao Wu ◽

Linda G Snetselaar ◽

Robert B Wallace ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Lean Mass ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the trends in obesity and adiposity measures, including body mass index, waist circumference, body fat percentage, and lean mass, by race or ethnicity among adults in the United States from 2011 to 2018.DesignPopulation based study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011-18.ParticipantsA nationally representative sample of US adults aged 20 years or older.Main outcome measuresWeight, height, and waist circumference among adults aged 20 years or older were measured by trained technicians using standardized protocols. Obesity was defined as body mass index of 30 or higher for non-Asians and 27.5 or higher for Asians. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference of 102 cm or larger for men and 88 cm or larger for women. Body fat percentage and lean mass were measured among adults aged 20-59 years by using dual energy x ray absorptiometry.ResultsThis study included 21 399 adults from NHANES 2011-18. Body mass index was measured for 21 093 adults, waist circumference for 20 080 adults, and body fat percentage for 10 864 adults. For the overall population, age adjusted prevalence of general obesity increased from 35.4% (95% confidence interval 32.5% to 38.3%) in 2011-12 to 43.4% (39.8% to 47.0%) in 2017-18 (P for trend<0.001), and age adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 54.5% (51.2% to 57.8%) in 2011-12 to 59.1% (55.6% to 62.7%) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.02). Age adjusted mean body mass index increased from 28.7 (28.2 to 29.1) in 2011-12 to 29.8 (29.2 to 30.4) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.001), and age adjusted mean waist circumference increased from 98.4 cm (97.4 to 99.5 cm) in 2011-12 to 100.5 cm (98.9 to 102.1 cm) in 2017-18 (P for trend=0.01). Significant increases were observed in body mass index and waist circumference among the Hispanic, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic Asian groups (all P for trend<0.05), but not for the non-Hispanic black group. For body fat percentage, a significant increase was observed among non-Hispanic Asians (30.6%, 29.8% to 31.4% in 2011-12; 32.7%, 32.0% to 33.4% in 2017-18; P for trend=0.001), but not among other racial or ethnic groups. The age adjusted mean lean mass decreased in the non-Hispanic black group and increased in the non-Hispanic Asian group, but no statistically significant changes were found in other racial or ethnic groups.ConclusionsAmong US adults, an increasing trend was found in obesity and adiposity measures from 2011 to 2018, although disparities exist among racial or ethnic groups.

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Effects of Triphala on Lipid and Glucose Profiles and Anthropometric Parameters: A Systematic Review

Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2515690x211011038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 2515690X2110110

Author(s):

Wiraphol Phimarn ◽

Bunleu Sungthong ◽

Hiroyuki Itabe

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Anthropometric Parameters

Aim. The efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters and its safety were assessed. Methods. Databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Thai Library Integrated System (ThaiLIS) were systematically searched to review current evidence of randomized controlled trials (RCT) on triphala. RCTs investigating the safety and efficacy of triphala on lipid profile, blood glucose and anthropometric parameters were included. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 authors. Results. Twelve studies on a total of 749 patients were included. The triphala-treated groups showed significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglyceride in 6 studies. Five RCTs demonstrated triphala-treated groups led to statistically significant decrease in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference of obese patients. Moreover, triphala significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level in diabetic patients but not in people without diabetes. No serious adverse event associated with triphala was reported during treatment. Conclusions. This review summarized a current evidence to show triphala might improve the lipid profile, blood glucose, the body weight, body mass index and waist circumference under certain conditions. However, large well-designed RCTs are required to confirm this conclusion.

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