scholarly journals Effect of cumulative growing degree day on accumulation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root reserve saccharides

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Josef Hakl ◽  
Jaromír Šantrůček ◽  
Pavel Fuksa ◽  
Josef Kalista
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between growing degree day method and accumulation of root reserve saccharides before over wintering by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the condition of Czech Republic. In 2002–2004, the field experiment was conducted at the Research station of the Czech University of Life Sciences in central Bohemia. The interval between summer and last autumn harvest was 40–50 days or 60–70 days, respectively. These intervals were expressed as cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) for each year. The plants were sampled in each autumn with four replicates for each variant; the average depth of sampling was 150 mm. The weight of roots, amount of starch, and water soluble saccharides (WSC) per m2 was determined. The total accumulation of root reserve saccharides was determined mainly by conditions during all vegetation period. The length of the interval or cumulative GDD influenced only variation of this basic amount. The GDD was corresponded better with starch content whilst WSC was more related to length of the interval. In central Bohemia condition, the GDD 600–700 °C was preliminary determined for maximal accumulation of root reserve saccharides. The GDD above this level did not significantly increase the root reserve accumulation. For exact verify of this model, other experiments in more sites are needed.

CRITICAL AUTUMN HARVEST PERIOD FOR ALFALFA IN THE ATLANTIC REGION BASED ON GROWING DEGREE-DAYS

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BOOTSMA ◽  
MICHIO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Starting Date ◽  
Food Reserves

Air temperature normals (1951–1980 period) were analyzed for over 200 locations in the Atlantic region to estimate spatial and temporal variations in the critical autumn period during which alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) should not be harvested to allow plants to reach adequate winter hardiness by accumulating sufficient food reserves in the roots. Data are presented which show that the starting date of the critical harvest period could be estimated from the average date when 450 growing degree-days above 5 °C remain in autumn (F450). F450 compared well with starting dates determined experimentally in 3 yr of field tests at three locations in Ontario. F450 varied from before 10 Aug. in northwestern New Brunswick and parts of Newfoundland to after 4 Sept. in southwestern Nova Scotia. Annual differences in climate cause F450 to vary with a standard deviation of about 5–6 days at a given location. A zonation map describing spatial variation in the rest period was prepared as a general guide for cutting management.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., cutting management, winter survival, climate zonation

Fall cutting management affects yield and persistence of alfalfa in Atlantic Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bélanger ◽  
T. Kunelius ◽  
D. McKenzie ◽  
Y. Papadopoulos ◽  
B. Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
The United States ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Third ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Final Harvest

The existing recommendation to avoid harvesting alfalfa during a critical fall rest period, based on calendar dates, is under review in Canada and adjacent areas of the United States. The effect on yield and persistence of four fall cutting management treatments (based on cumulative growing degree-days between harvests) was investigated for two cultivars of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. 'Apica' and 'Oneida VR') at five sites in Atlantic Canada. The average seasonal DM yield for the five sites in the first production year was 1.6 to 2.3 t ha−1 greater with an additional harvest as compared with the two-harvest system (Truro, Nappan, Fredericton, and Charlottetown) and the one-harvest system in St. John's. Seasonal DM yield benefits were reduced over time; by the third production year, there was no increase in seasonal DM yield with an additional harvest. The seasonal DM yield increased with increasing the interval between the final harvest and the previous one. Taking an additional harvest resulted in higher winter plant mortality between the first and second production years in Truro and Nappan, and the third and fourth production years in St. John's. At the other two sites (Charlottetown and Fredericton), and for the first three production years in St. John's, winter plant mortality was unchanged with an additional harvest but regrowth potential in the following year was reduced. At the two sites that experienced a severe winter (Nappan and Truro), the cultivar Oneida VR was more adversely affected by the additional harvest than Apica. Our results indicate that in Atlantic Canada, taking an additional harvest increases the risk of winterkill. If an additional harvest is to be taken, increasing the interval between the final harvest and the previous one to at least 500 growing degree-days will decrease the risk of winterkill and might have a positive effect on next year's regrowth. Key words: Medicago sativa L., alfalfa, yield, persistence, harvest management, cultivar

FORAGE CROP MATURITY ZONATION IN THE ATLANTIC REGION USING GROWING DEGREE-DAYS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. BOOTSMA
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Accumulated growing degree-days above 5 °C (GDD) were used to estimate the average time of occurrence of maturity stages before first harvest in post seeding years for alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), double cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.) in the Atlantic region of Canada. Maturity stages recommended for first cut were reached after an average accumulation of approximately 350, 400 and 450 GDD, depending upon the cultivar. Estimates of maturity dates based on the average air temperature (T) for May and June were highly correlated with annually observed dates of selected maturity stages [Formula: see text]. T was also used to estimate regional variation in maturity dates based on normals for the 1951–1980 period from 231 climate stations. Eight maturity zones (M1 to M8) were designated for the region. Estimated average dates when forage cultivars reach maturity stages recommended for first cut ranged from on or before 15 June–25 June in the Annapolis and Saint John River valleys to after mid-July in parts of Newfoundland.Key words: Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., Trifolium pratense L., cutting date, temperature, zonation

scholarly journals Harvest interval affects lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) taproot total yield, starch, nitrogen and water‐soluble carbohydrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 206 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Mitchell ◽  
Stephen G. Clark ◽  
Kym L. Butler ◽  
Zhongnan Nie ◽  
Vivianne F. Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Water Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

AC Caribou alfalfa

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 845-847
Author(s):  
R. Michaud ◽  
C. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Maritime Provinces ◽  
Phytophthora Megasperma ◽  
Phytophthora Root Rot ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Caribou alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a cultivar developed by the Agriculture Canada Research Station in Sainte-Foy. It is similar to Iroquois in maturity, rate of growth, and fall dormancy. It is highly resistant to bacterial wilt (caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. insidiosus (McCulloch) Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver & Harris), resistant to verticillium wilt (caused by Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.), and moderately resistant to phytophthora root rot (caused by Phytophthora megasperma Dreschs. f. sp. medicaginis T. Kuan & D. C. Erwin). AC Caribou, an alfalfa with fine leafy stems, is well suited for production in Quebec and the Maritime Provinces where winter survival may be a problem.Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, cultivar description

AC Nordica alfalfa

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Goplen ◽  
B. D. Gossen
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Snow Mold ◽  
Peace River ◽  
Tap Root ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Moderately Resistant

AC Nordica alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was developed by the Agriculture Canada Research Station at Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It is similar to Beaver alfalfa in having a broad crown and a tap root with many branches. AC Nordica is 1–2 d earlier in maturity than Beaver. It is shorter than Beaver at 10% bloom, is slightly slower in regrowth following harvest, and displays less spring vigor. However, it excels in winter hardiness, rating similar to Anik and Drylander alfalfa. AC Nordica is highly resistant to bacterial wilt (Clavibacter michiganense subsp. insidiosum [McCulloch] Davis, Gillaspie, Vidaver & Harris), and moderately resistant to snow mold (Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair). AC Nordica is intended as a special-purpose cultivar for the northern prairies, the Peace River area of Alberta, and other high snowfall areas where snow mold (winter crown rot) may occur and where extreme winter hardiness is required. Key words: Alfalfa, Medicago sativa, winter hardiness, winter crown rot, snow mold, cultivar description

scholarly journals Research on the morphology, biology, productivity and yields quality of the Amaranthus cruentus L. in the southern part of Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1413-1425
Author(s):  
Maria TOADER ◽  
Alina M. IONESCU ◽  
Cosmin SONEA ◽  
Emil GEORGESCU
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Emergence Period ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Cultivation Technology

Currently, according to the specialists in the field, Amaranthus species are part of alternative agricultural crops recommended for organic farming. In this context, our scientific approach is to analyse the adaptability of these species in the specific conditions of the southern part of Romania (Reviga village, Ialomita County). Thus, for two consecutive years, two varieties of Amaranthus cruentus, namely ‘Bolivia 153’ and ‘Golden Giant’, were studied regarding: morphology, biology, cultivation technology, plant productivity and quality of yields in the organic farming conditions. After the study period, the ‘Golden Giant’ variety was characterized by the following: 8 days - sowing-emergence period; flowering start on 21 July; 124 days - vegetation period; 839.3 Growing Degree Days (GDD) (Σ t °C > 15 °C); 23.24 g - grains mass per plant; 1.375 g - Thousand Weight Grains (TWG); 2,647 kg ha-1 - grains yields. By comparison, ‘Bolivia 153’ variety plants were presented as follows: 11 days - sowing-emergence period; flowering start on 21 July; 127 days - vegetation period; 842.4 GDD; 22.09 g - grains mass per plant; 1.46 g TWG; 23.78 kg ha-1 - grains yields. In average, the chemical composition of Amaranthus cruentus grains was: 15.20% proteins; 51.70% starch; 5.96% lipids; 13.36% cellulose and 3.35% ash. In conclusion, the experimentation area proved to be favourable to Amaranthus cruentus cultivation, so that the tested varieties behaved well, had a fairly uniform emergences, and the good level of grains yields and quality.

scholarly journals Database "Climate parameters of seed provenances of pine in northern eurasia"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Parfenova
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Northern Eurasia ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Climate Parameters ◽  
July Temperature

Database is created for pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds weight from different habitats of northern Eurasia. Each database record consists of the following fields: latitude, longitude, July temperature, January temperature, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, precipitation of vegetation period, growing degree days of vegetation period, degree days of winter period. Database is of 200 records long distributed along the whole area of pine in northern Eurasia.

scholarly journals Improving the Prediction of Processing Bean Maturity Based on the Growing-degree Day Approach

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1234-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Jenni ◽  
Gaétan Bourgeois ◽  
Hélène Laurence ◽  
Geneviève Roy ◽  
Nicolas Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growing Degree Days ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Common Base

Four snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars, Goldrush, Teseo, Labrador, and Flevoro, were grown in irrigated fields of southern Quebec between 1985 and 1998. Data on phenology collected from these fields were used to determine which base temperature would best predict time from sowing to maturity. The optimal base temperature was 0 °C for `Goldrush', `Teseo', and `Labrador' and 6.7 °C for `Flevoro'. Adjusting different base temperatures for intermediate developmental stages (emergence, flowering) did not improve the prediction model. All years for a given cultivar were then used to determine the base temperature with the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) for predicting the time from sowing to maturity. A common base temperature of 0 °C was selected for all cultivars, since `Flevoro' was not very sensitive to changes in base temperature. This method improved the prediction of maturity compared with the conventional computation growing-degree days (GDD) with a base of 10 °C. For the years and cultivars used in this study, calculating GDD with a base of 0 °C gave an overall prediction of maturity of 1.7, 1.5, 2.0, and 1.4 days based on average absolute differences, for `Flevoro', `Goldrush', `Teseo', and `Labrador', respectively.

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