scholarly journals Legal and economic implications of the German Craft Code Amendment 2004

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Benzel
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
International Level ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Research Findings

As the main reason for initiating an amendment of the Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 was the decrease in the number of companies in general and the number of skilled crafts enterprises in particular and was also due to the fact that the number of employees in the skilled crafts sector had constantly fallen and many companies were not able to find a successor, it was the declared aim of the amendment to counter this structural crisis as well as reducing illegal employment and removing native discrimination. This would then ensure a higher level of employment especially through new company formations and takeovers of existing companies.In addition to providing an important contribution towards the assessment of the basic success of the 2004 Trade and Crafts Code amendment, the results can therefore be used at an international level for discussions on skilled crafts legislation outside Germany. As German skilled crafts legislation developed in a completely different manner from skilled crafts legislation in most other European countries, this aspect is particularly significant and it is conceivable that the results will be useful beyond the borders of the Federal Republic of Germany. The research findings will also be important in determining the limits of deregulation and when it can be considered counterproductive from an economic point of view.

scholarly journals Fonctionnement familial et rapports à la santé : essai d’analyse typologique

2015 ◽  
pp. 67-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Cardia-Vonèche ◽  
Malik von Allmen ◽  
Benoit Bastard
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Family Role ◽  
The Family

This article deals with the daily health management within the family which, far from involving skills only, is based on the existence and significations or contents of family relations themselves. To study the family/health connection from this point of view enables: 1) to underline that the role played by the family is not only curative but also preventive, 2) to observe that this role resides also in other types of activities which are but indirectly related to health and, 3) to show that this role is also highly dependent on the state of relations within the family cell. This investigation of the family role in health matters is based on studies conducted in various European countries (France, Switzerland, Great Britain, Federal Republic of Germany) and favours the analysis of broken families, since it brings out the unknown dimensions of daily health management and its related specific family forms of sociability.

scholarly journals A survey of contraception in five West European countries

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Riphagen ◽  
P. Lehert
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraception ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Contraceptive Methods ◽  
West European

SummaryIn 1984 and 1985, a survey was conducted of 7696 women aged 15–44 living in Italy, France, Great Britain, Spain and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim of the study was to examine the use of contraceptive methods, the differences in contraceptive use, knowledge of fertility, communication about contraception, motives for choice and the perceptions held by women regarding contraceptive methods, particularly oral contraception. The results show important differences between the countries studied.

Economic Implications of Migration into the Federal Republic of Germany, 1988–1992

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-709
Author(s):  
Arne Gieseck ◽  
Ullrich Heilemann ◽  
Hans Dietrich von Loeffelholz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Federal Republic ◽  
Social System ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social

An analysis of the effects of the last wave of migration into West Germany on labor markets, public finances and economic growth, this study points at the often ignored fact that the migrants were rather successful in finding jobs and thus helped in eliminating labor shortages in certain industries. Simulations with a macroeconometric model for the FRG indicate that in 1992 the GDP was almost 6 percent higher than without migration, that 90,000 jobs were created and that migration created a surplus of DM14 billion in the public sector, compared to the baseline. This study also makes clear, however that these effects mainly depend on a quick absorption of migrants by FRG labor markets, and as to the social system, the relief may be only transitory.

„Denn sie wissen nicht, was sie tun“

1987 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Stegmüller
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Middle Range

AbstractThe article put forwards an argument against the deployment of American middle range missiles in 1983 within the Federal Republic of Germany . It stresses the threat to safety particularly for European countries, because of the technological superiority of American missiles over Russian missiles.

scholarly journals Frammenti di massificazione: le neoavanguardie anglo-germanofone, il cut-up di Burroughs e la pop art negli anni Sessanta e Settanta

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bacherini
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Pop Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
German Language ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Literary Context ◽  
New Form ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S

Frammenti di massificazione: le neoavanguardie anglo-germanofone, il cut-up di Burroughs e la pop art negli anni Sessanta e Settanta analyses the influence of William Seward Burroughs’ cut-up method on British and German-language neo-avant-gardes of the 1960s and 1970s from a comparative point of view, with particular attention to the literary context of the Federal Republic of Germany. In four chapters devoted to a profile of this American intellectual and artist, the origins, stylistic features and reception of the cut-up method, the author investigates the reasons for the success of this process, rediscovered by Burroughs and aiming at a reconstruction of text fragments to build up new textual entities. The last chapter is an overview of the most interesting of the uses of the cut-up method in artistic environments other than literary writing, documenting the transformation of a rebellious technique into a new form of expression, i.e. pop art.

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