scholarly journals Using the Semantic Differential Technique to Assess Stereotypes toward Individuals with Disabilities: The Relevance of Warmth and Competence

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Cristina Jenaro Río ◽  
Noelia Flores Robaina ◽  
Jesús López Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique

This study analyzes social perceptions towards groups with different types of disability, as well as the relationship between the judgments towards these groups, oneself and other significant individuals. The assessment was carried out using a Semantic Differential scale completed by181 participants. Results supported the Stereotype Content Model, as the different groups with disabilities were perceived in a more uniform way than those who did not share this label, and people with intellectual disability elicited paternalistic feelings. The results also support a two-factor model to explore the content of the stereotypes. Understanding the factors that contribute to the formation of social judgments is key to the implementation of actions that modify stereotypes and prejudices and promote equity.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Dehumanization in India: Elaboration of the Stereotype Content Model in a Non-WEIRD Sample

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062097620
Author(s):  
Priyanka Khatry ◽  
Kunalan Manokara ◽  
Lasana T. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The Relationship

A perceiver’s socioeconomic status (SES) should influence social perceptions toward others. However, there is little evidence for this effect within and beyond Western samples. We hence evaluate the relationship between perceiver SES and dehumanized perception in a society where status is historically defined: India. Across two studies, we hypothesized that perceiver SES would predict dehumanization toward societal outcasts—beggars—and norm violators. Replicating previous work, in Study 1, upper SES perceivers dehumanized beggars more than lower SES perceivers; accounted for by low self-reported contact likelihood. In Study 2, norm violators were perceived as less human but more so by lower rather than upper SES perceivers. This novel finding was partially explained by perceivers viewing female violators as less prototypical, aligned with theorizing in gender research. Our results indicate that SES influences dehumanization via contact likelihood as well as the perceived normativity of a targets’ behavior.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Dehumanization in India: Elaboration of the Stereotype Content Model in a non-WEIRD sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Khatry ◽  
Kunalan Manokara ◽  
Lasana Harris
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Gender Research ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
The Relationship

A perceiver’s socioeconomic status (SES) should influence social perceptions towards others. However, there is little evidence for this effect within and beyond Western samples. We hence evaluate the relationship between perceiver SES and dehumanized perception in a society where status is historically defined: India. Across two studies, we hypothesized that perceiver SES would predict dehumanization towards societal outcasts – beggars – and norm-violators. Replicating previous work, in Study 1, upper-SES perceivers dehumanized beggars more than lower-SES perceivers; accounted for by low self-reported contact-likelihood. In Study 2, norm-violators were perceived as less human; but more so by lower rather than upper-SES perceivers. This novel finding was partially explained by perceivers viewing female violators as less prototypical, aligned with theorizing in gender research. Our results indicate that SES influences dehumanization via contact-likelihood, as well as the perceived normativity of a targets’ behavior.

The ideal victim through other(s’) eyes

2018 ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
Alice Bosma ◽  
Eva Mulder ◽  
Antony Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Individual Level ◽  
Stereotype Content Model ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

Following up on the illuminating article ‘The Ideal Victim’ by Nils Christie, this chapter expands on and reacts to its key arguments. Christie assumes that the most important reasons for perceiving a victim as legitimate and blameless lie in the specific attributions of the victim, and those of the relationship between victim and offender. The article aims at expanding these two arguments on the basis of more contemporary theories in victimology such as the Stereotype Content Model and the Moral Typecasting Theory. However, the importance of two observer related aspects that Christie leaves underdeveloped will also be emphasized. Firstly, the individual’s sense of threat and subsequent coping when confronted with a victim will be discussed. Secondly, the society’s particular interests and values at the time of victimization will be considered. The concept of framing is of particular importance in both aspects, because it can be used to explain how victims may (ex-post) be accepted as ideal or non-ideal, irrelevant of their ‘objective’ attributes, but dependent on the framer, either on collective or individual level.

scholarly journals Do we know what we are asking? Individual and group cognitive interviews

Human Affairs ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Popper ◽  
Magda Petrjánošová
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Cognitive Interview ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Interviews ◽  
School Students ◽  
Double Negation ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content

AbstractThe paper deals with cognitive interview, a method for pre-testing survey questions that is used in pilot testing to develop new measures and/or adapt ones in foreign languages. The aim is to explore the usefulness of the method by looking at two questionnaires measuring anti-Roma prejudice. The first, the Stereotype Content Model (SCM), contains questions that are dominantly used to test two dimensions of social perceptions of various groups: warmth and competence. The second, Interventions for Reducing Prejudice against Stigmatized Minorities (INTERMIN) consists of the items most frequently used in contact research to measure attitudes, social distance, anxiety, trust and behavioural intentions towards outgroups. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were held on both questionnaires to verbally evaluate participants’ understanding and/or interpretation of the draft questions. The first round was attended by university students, while the second round (with improved versions of the questionnaires) was done with high school students, as they are the target group for planned interventions based on the contact paradigm. The paper explains the problems/difficulties the participants had answering some of the questions and our attempts at improving the questionnaires. The problems can be grouped around six issues: The first two deal with the strategies participants used to answer our questions – whom exactly did they have in mind when answering the questionnaires and whose viewpoint did they represent in their answers. The next four problems are around nuances in the formulations of our questions and generally have to do with how the participants interpreted our questions – they concern assumptions that distinct items were logically interconnected, the period of time and locality referred to in our questions, translation and transferability of meanings from one language to another and double negation.

scholarly journals From country stereotypes to country emotions to intentions to visit a country: implications for a country as a destination brand

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Micevski ◽  
Adamantios Diamantopoulos ◽  
Jennifer Erdbrügger
Keyword(s):  
Web Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Content Model ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Consumer Intentions ◽  
Destination Brand ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose This paper aims to draw from the stereotype content model (SCM) to investigate the mediating role of country-triggered emotions on the relationship between country stereotypes and intentions to visit a country as well as the boundary conditions under which such mediation occurs. Design/methodology/approach Two-hundred and eighty-three consumers participated in a between-subjects, Web-based study conducted in Hungary. Participants were randomly exposed to one out of six countries that are among the most popular tourist destinations for Hungarian consumers. Moderated-mediation analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses. Findings Country stereotypes of competence and warmth positively influence country-related emotions of admiration which, subsequently, transfer to consumer intentions to visit the focal country as a tourism destination. This mediation is moderated by consumers’ extraversion, such that intentions to visit are greater for highly extraverted consumers. Research limitations/implications Policymakers should take into consideration both the country stereotype and related emotions triggered by this stereotype when developing and promoting the country destination brand. Practitioners should also consider extraversion as a potential personality-based segmentation and targeting variable when communicating a country as a destination brand. Originality/value This study delineates the link between country stereotype and affective responses to this stereotype, thus further adding to our understanding of the role that emotions play in determining tourism behavior. It also highlights the role of the personality trait of extraversion as a moderating influence on the stereotype-emotions-visit intentions link.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Social Values Regarding the Ecosystem Services of Beaches and Coastal Dunes in Yucatán, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mendoza-González ◽  
Arely Paredes-Chi ◽  
Dalia Méndez-Funes ◽  
María Giraldo ◽  
Edgar Torres-Irineo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship

The ecosystem services (ESs) approach has been used as a powerful tool for the analysis of socio-ecological systems to investigate the relationship between society and the environment. The aim of this article is to analyze the social perceptions of stakeholders, forms of use (sociocultural and economic), and the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes in Yucatán, Mexico. Interviews were held with focus groups to analyze the forms of use, social perceptions of stakeholders, and the conservation of beaches and coastal dunes in Yucatán, Mexico. The results indicate that these ecosystems are important to different types of activities related to regulating, provisioning, and cultural services. However, degradation is identified as a consequence of contamination and land-use change. The main identified threats are natural phenomena, followed by the presence of garbage, human presence in natural environments, infrastructure construction, and privatization of beaches. The opinions (e.g., conservation, ecosystem services provision, drivers of change), emotions (e.g., joy, fear, sadness), and knowledge of the local community and tourists with respect to these ecosystems were evidenced. In general, there is an absence of conservation and sustainable management projects. However, community perceptions provide an opportunity to outline public conservation strategies in which the community, as a component of these socio-ecosystems, can be fully involved in their implementation.

Further Test of the Relationship between Satisfaction and Perceived Self-Environment Similarity

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 835-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence A. Pervin ◽  
Stephen H. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
The Self ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Transactional Analysis ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interaction Research

A test of the hypothesis that satisfaction with one's environment is related to perceived self-environment similarity and to the utility of TAPE (Transactional Analysis of Personality and Environment), based on the semantic differential. 169 Ss rated the concepts Self, Ideal Self and My Club on 52 polar adjective scales. Perceived self-club environment similarity was found to be related to ratings of satisfaction with a club environment on two different forms of TAPE. The relationship between similarity and satisfaction varied for different types of club satisfaction and did not appear to reflect satisfaction with the self. It was suggested that the semantic differential is a useful tool for individual-environment interaction research but further research with it would be more effective if relationships, in terms of distance and direction, of ratings for concepts such as Self, Ideal Self and Environment, were available.

A Test of Satiation as a Function of Adaptation in Stuttering

1969 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold A. Peterson ◽  
Mary Beth Rieck ◽  
Rita K. Hoff
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Repeated Readings ◽  
Group A ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

To test the relationship of adaptation and satiation as hypothesized by Jakobovits, satiation of meaning as a function of repeated readings for adaptation was measured in the performance of 14 male stutterers. The subjects as a group exhibited both satiation and adaptation, but the two phenomena did not occur simultaneously in a significant number of the members of the group. A reduction in meaningfulness, as measured by the semantic differential, was not shown to be a significant factor in the reduction of stuttering frequency for the individuals in the group. Satiation and adaptation were not established as the same phenomenon, although the two may still be related through another factor.

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