Life Cycle Assessment Estimation for Eco-Management of Co-Generation Systems

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seizo Kato ◽  
Naoki Maruyama ◽  
Yasuki Nikai ◽  
Hidekazu Takai ◽  
Anugerah Widiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Optimization Theory ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Activity System ◽  
Environmental Loads ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Load Factors

A LCA (life cycle assessment) scheme for any industrial activity system is introduced to estimate the quantitative load on the environment with the aid of the NETS (numerical environment total standard) method proposed by the authors as a numerical measure. Two kinds of environmental loads respecting fossil fuel depletion as input resources to the system and global warming due to CO2 emission as output are taken into account in the present eco-criterion, in which the total eco-load (EcL) value is calculated from the summation of respective environmental load factors on the whole process in a life cycle of the system. This NETS method is applied to eco-management co-generation systems, in which a computer-aided output navigator proceeds the LCA estimation with ICON and Q&A communication. An operation scheme most friendly to the environment with a minimum EcL value, i.e., an eco-operation scheme, is derived from the optimization theory.

Life Cycle Assessment on CO2 Reduction of Street House Reuse

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
Yu Chan Chao ◽  
Wei Liang Jheng
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction

To estimate the benefits of reuse building, this study selected 8 street-house cases from ¡§Old House, New Life reuse movement and calculated the average CO2 emissions of rebuilding and refinishing in their life cycle. The results indicated that the average CO2 emission is 103.14 kg-CO2 /m2 before renovation, and 5.73 kg-CO2 /m2 after renovation. The efficiency of CO2 emission reduction can be raised up to 60% and 70%. If the street houses extend their life span from 60 years to 90 years, the life cycle CO2 emissions can be reduced from the original 1.89 kg-CO2 /m2¡Eyr to 1.39 kg-CO2 / m2¡Eyr. It's advantageous not only to make the best of old houses, but to decrease the environmental load.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprint of Bike-Share and Bus Systems in Campus Transit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Sishen Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Pengyu Xie ◽  
Xiaodan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Two Systems ◽  
Bus System ◽  
Bike Share

Low-carbon transport system is desired for sustainable cities. The study aims to compare carbon footprint of two transportation modes in campus transit, bus and bike-share systems, using life-cycle assessment (LCA). A case study was conducted for the four-campus (College Ave, Cook/Douglass, Busch, Livingston) transit system at Rutgers University (New Brunswick, NJ). The life-cycle of two systems were disaggregated into four stages, namely, raw material acquisition and manufacture, transportation, operation and maintenance, and end-of-life. Three uncertain factors—fossil fuel type, number of bikes provided, and bus ridership—were set as variables for sensitivity analysis. Normalization method was used in two impact categories to analyze and compare environmental impacts. The results show that the majority of CO2 emission and energy consumption comes from the raw material stage (extraction and upstream production) of the bike-share system and the operation stage of the campus bus system. The CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system are 46 and 13 times of that of the proposed bike-share system, respectively. Three uncertain factors can influence the results: (1) biodiesel can significantly reduce CO2 emission and energy consumption of the current campus bus system; (2) the increased number of bikes increases CO2 emission of the bike-share system; (3) the increase of bus ridership may result in similar impact between two systems. Finally, an alternative hybrid transit system is proposed that uses campus buses to connect four campuses and creates a bike-share system to satisfy travel demands within each campus. The hybrid system reaches the most environmentally friendly state when 70% passenger-miles provided by campus bus and 30% by bike-share system. Further research is needed to consider the uncertainty of biking behavior and travel choice in LCA. Applicable recommendations include increasing ridership of campus buses and building a bike-share in campus to support the current campus bus system. Other strategies such as increasing parking fees and improving biking environment can also be implemented to reduce automobile usage and encourage biking behavior.

scholarly journals Life-Cycle Assessment and Monetary Measurements for the Carbon Footprint Reduction of Public Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rosa Trovato ◽  
Francesco Nocera ◽  
Salvatore Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Residual Value ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Energy Retrofit ◽  
Low Co2 ◽  
Study Results

Energy consumption in public buildings increased drastically over the last decade. Significant policy actions towards the promotion of energy efficiency in the building sector have been developed involving sustainable low-CO2-emission technologies. This paper presents the results of an economic–environmental valuation of a standard energy retrofit project for a public building in a Mediterranean area, integrating a life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the traditional economic–financial evaluation pattern. The study results show that simple retrofit of sustainable low-CO2-emission strategies such as wooden double-glazed windows, organic external wall insulation systems, and green roofs can reduce energy needs for heating and cooling by 58.5% and 33.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the implementation of an LCA highlights that the use of sustainable materials reduces the building’s carbon footprint index by 54.1% after retrofit compared to standard materials, thus providing an additional increase in the socio-environmental–economic–financial results of 18%. Some proposals are made about the accounting of the replacement costs and the residual value as requested in the logic of life-cycle cost (that is the economic extension of the LCA), namely concerning the method to take into account the replacement costs and the residual value. The economic calculation highlights the fundamental role played by tax benefits supporting the building energy retrofit, also in temperate climate zones, thus allowing the creation of environmental benefits in addition to remarkable cost savings.

A LCA/LCC Optimized Selection of Power Plant System With Additional Facilities Options

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anugerah Widiyanto ◽  
Seizo Kato ◽  
Naoki Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Environmental Load ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Power Generation Systems ◽  
Selection Of

In the past, the selection of an energy resource for electricity generation was dominated by finding the least expensive power generating plant. Although such an approach is essential, there is growing concern about other aspects of power generation such as social, environmental and technological benefits and consequences of the energy source selection. The aims of this paper are first to introduce a life cycle assessment (LCA) scheme with the aid of the NETS (Numerical Eco-load Total Standardization) method that we have newly proposed. This method provides a numerical measure for evaluating the quantitative load of any industrial activity on the environment, and has been used to analyze the energy flow and the environmental loads of various power generation systems. A second goal is to develop a computer program to examine the applicability of technology options based on cost performance and environmental load reduction. A final goal of this work is to select the power system using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle costing (LCC). As a result, environmental load and economical cost for various power generation systems are discussed from the LCA point of view for further ecological improvement.

The Life Cycle Assessment of a Polypropylene Product, Part A: Raw Materials, Manufacturing and Disposal Scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
Karin Kandananond
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Injection Molding Process ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Product Part

The life cycle of a polypropylene stacking chair is assessed in order to represent the environmental impact of a plastic product. The analysis is categorized into two phases, manufacturing and disposing. The manufacturing process of a chair concerns a prime material, polypropylene (PP) granulate, an injection molding process and a resource, electricity. According to the assessment, the PP granulate seems to contribute the highest impact on the environment in term of the fossil fuel used. Afterwards, the landfill method is used in the disposal scenario of waste, and the analysis shows that the highest impact comes in the form of carcinogens followed by ecotoxicity.

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