Nonlinear Control of Variable-Speed Wind Turbines for Generator Torque Limiting and Power Optimization

2006 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Boukhezzar ◽  
H. Siguerdidjane ◽  
M. Maureen Hand
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Dynamic State ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Speed Estimator

To maximize wind power extraction, a variable-speed wind turbine (VSWT) should operate as close as possible to its optimal power coefficient. The generator torque is used as a control input to improve wind energy capture by forcing the wind turbine (WT) to stay close to the maximum energy point. In general, current control techniques do not take into account the dynamical and stochastic aspect of both turbine and wind, leading to significant power losses. In addition, they are not robust with respect to disturbances. In order to address these weaknesses, a nonlinear approach, without wind speed measurement for VSWT control, is proposed. Nonlinear static and dynamic state feedback controllers with wind speed estimator are then derived. The controllers were tested with a WT simple mathematical model and are validated with an aeroelastic wind turbine simulator in the presence of disturbances and measurement noise. The results have shown better performance in comparison with existing controllers.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of PMSG- based Variable Speed WTG: Case Study of Adama Wind Farm I, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Zenachew Muluneh ◽  
Gebremichael Teame
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Grid Side

In this paper, the performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) -based Variable Speed Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) at Adama Wind Farm I (WTG), connected to a grid is studied. To study the performance of the WTG, both machine and grid side converters are modeled and analyzed very well. On the machine side, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for maximum energy extraction is done using the direct speed control (DSC) technique, which is linked with the optimal tip speed ratio for each wind speed value considered. On the grid side, dc-link voltage and reactive power flow to the grid are controlled. For this purpose, first, the simulation model of the system is prepared in MATLAB Simulink considering the dynamic mathematical model of the PMSG, and Wind Turbine Aerodynamic model using the user-defined function blocks. Then, the PI regulators designed for direct speed, torque (current) control, and dc-link voltage are employed in the model. Moreover, to study and analyze the behavior of the system in a variable speed operation, a wind speed starting from cut-in wind speed (3m/s) to the rated wind speed (11m/s) is applied in 4s. The simulation result of the existing system model shows that the actual values of performance variables correspond well with the analytical values of the system. In addition, the chosen control algorithms applied in the control system of the generator-side converter are hence verified.

scholarly journals Load Mitigation and Optimal Power Capture for Variable Speed Wind Turbine in Region 2

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar Rajendran ◽  
Debashisha Jena
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Terminal Sliding Mode ◽  
Static State ◽  
Variable Speed Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Capture ◽  
Speed Estimator

This paper proposes the two nonlinear controllers for variable speed wind turbine (VSWT) operating at below rated wind speed. The objective of the controller is to maximize the energy capture from the wind with reduced oscillation on the drive train. The conventional controllers such as aerodynamic torque feedforward (ATF) and indirect speed control (ISC) are adapted initially, which introduce more power loss, and the dynamic aspects of WT are not considered. In order to overcome the above drawbacks, modified nonlinear static state with feedback estimator (MNSSFE) and terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) based on Modified Newton Raphson (MNR) wind speed estimator are proposed. The proposed controllers are simulated with nonlinear FAST (fatigue, aerodynamics, structures, and turbulence) WT dynamic simulation for different mean wind speeds at below rated wind speed. The frequency analysis of the drive train torque is done by taking the power spectral density (PSD) of low speed shaft torque. From the result, it is found that a trade-off is to be maintained between the transient load on the drive train and maximum power capture.

scholarly journals Maximum Power Extraction from Active Pitch Controlled Standalone Variable Speed Wind Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3226-3229
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Synchronous Generator ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Variable Speed Wind Turbine

This paper focuses on modelling of a standalone variable speed wind turbine using MATLAB and increasing its performance by extracting the maximum power below rated wind velocity using MPPT algorithm and maintaining constant power using active pitch angle control for above rated wind velocity. The wind turbine is coupled to a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) which can operate on variable speed. A variable resistive load will extract the maximum energy possible and utilise it for heating applications.

Nonlinear Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines With Switching Across Operating Regimes

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuhin Das ◽  
Greg Semrau ◽  
Sigitas Rimkus
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Nonlinear Controller ◽  
Wind Speed Profile ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Operating Regimes

One of the key control problems associated with variable speed wind turbine systems is maximization of energy extraction when operating below the rated wind speed and power regulation when operating above the rated wind speed. In this paper, we approach these problems from a nonlinear systems perspective. For below rated wind speeds we adopt existing work appearing in the literature and provide further insight into the characteristics of the resulting equilibrium points of the closed-loop system. For above rated wind speeds, we propose a nonlinear controller and analyze the stability property of the resulting equilibria. We also propose a method for switching between the two operating regimes that ensures continuity of control input at the transition point. The control laws are verified using a wind turbine model with a standard turbulent wind speed profile that spans both operating regimes.

Neuroadaptive Variable Speed Control of Wind Turbine With Wind Speed Estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 7754-7764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan-Yong Li ◽  
Wen-Chuan Cai ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Zi-Jun Jia ◽  
Hou-Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Speed Estimation ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Variable Speed Control

Experimental Study of Vertical Axis Wind Turbine with Wind Speed Self-Adapting

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 1323-1326
Author(s):  
Ming Wei Xu ◽  
Jian Jun Qu ◽  
Han Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
The Self ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Opening And Closing

A small vertical axis wind turbine with wind speed self-adapting was designed. The diameter and height of the turbine were both 0.7m. It featured that the blades were composed of movable and fixed blades, and the opening and closing of the movable blades realized the wind speed self-adapting. Aerodynamic performance of this new kind turbine was tested in a simple wind tunnel. Then the self-starting and power coefficient of the turbine were studied. The turbine with load could reliably self-start and operate stably even when the wind velocity was only 3.6 m/s. When the wind velocity was 8 m/s and the load torque was 0.1Nm, the movable blades no longer opened and the wind turbine realized the conversion from drag mode to lift mode. With the increase of wind speed, the maximum power coefficient of the turbine also improves gradually. Under 8 m/s wind speed, the maximum power coefficient of the turbine reaches to 12.26%. The experimental results showed that the new turbine not only improved the self-starting ability of the lift-style turbine, but also had a higher power coefficient in low tip speed ratio.

Dynamic Behavior of Stand-Alone Parallel Operation System Using Two Wind Turbine-Generators

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Wakui ◽  
Takumi Hashizume ◽  
Toshio Nagao ◽  
Hisao Saito
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Parallel Operation ◽  
Operation System ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Induction Generators ◽  
Turbine Generators ◽  
Wind Turbine Generators

This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of the stand-alone parallel operation system using two wind turbine-generators by our dynamic simulation model. The stand-alone parallel operation system is composed of two Darrieus-Savonius hybrid turbines, two load induction generators, one inverter, batteries, and one controller. This system is mainly operated at the maximum power coefficient points of two parallel turbines by the inverter frequency control for a simple system composition and high power extraction. The computed results of the dynamic behavior of the system to various wind speed changes shows that our control scheme of the parallel operation system is effective.

scholarly journals Investigation of an Innovative Rotor Modification for a Small-Scale Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Bugała ◽  
Olga Roszyk
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Horizontal Axis ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Airflow Distribution

This paper presents the results of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the airflow for a 300 W horizontal axis wind turbine, using additional structural elements which modify the original shape of the rotor in the form of multi-shaped bowls which change the airflow distribution. A three-dimensional CAD model of the tested wind turbine was presented, with three variants subjected to simulation: a basic wind turbine without the element that modifies the airflow distribution, a turbine with a plano-convex bowl, and a turbine with a centrally convex bowl, with the hyperbolic disappearance of convexity as the radius of the rotor increases. The momentary value of wind speed, recorded at measuring points located in the plane of wind turbine blades, demonstrated an increase when compared to the base model by 35% for the wind turbine with the plano-convex bowl, for the wind speed of 5 m/s, and 31.3% and 49% for the higher approaching wind speed, for the plano-convex bowl and centrally convex bowl, respectively. The centrally convex bowl seems to be more appropriate for higher approaching wind speeds. An increase in wind turbine efficiency, described by the power coefficient, for solutions with aerodynamic bowls was observed.

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