Shielding of Directional Magnetic Sensor Readings in a Measurement While Drilling Tool for Oil Well Positioning

2005 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per A. Amundsen ◽  
Torgeir Torkildsen ◽  
Arild Saasen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Explicit Solution ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Measurement While Drilling

Magnetic materials in the drilling fluid used for drilling a petroleum well can significantly shield the Earth’s magnetic field as measured by magnetic sensors inside the drilling pipe. This has been shown to sometimes cause significant errors in the accuracy of borehole positioning using magnetic surveying. In this paper we present a physical approach for correcting the measured magnetic fields for such shielding. An explicit solution of the shielding problem is derived for the simplest case of a magnetic sensor on the axis of the borehole.

scholarly journals AC Magnetic sensor to measure mega-amps current and kilo-tesla magnetic fields up to gigahertz frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Javier Lopez Segura ◽  
Nicolas Urgoiti
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Design Build ◽  
Z Pinch

An AC magnetic sensor is presented for measuring the high speed and high strength magnetic field generated in Z-pinch fusion machines. The proposed magnetic sensor provides the measurement of magnetic fields across a broadband frequency range. The simulation of magnetic probe is presented using a SPICE simulation software LTspice. The magnetic sensors are installed in a Pulsotron-3 Z-pinch machine and measured performance of the sensor are presented. This sensor also can be used to check the ignition conditions of the Z-Pinch by measuring the magnetic field generated by the output streams of large number of reacted alpha particles. The equations for measuring non-stationary magnetic field due to rapidly varying electric currents and a LTspice simulation file are provided to help the engineers to design, build, and install this kind of sensors.

Influence of Permanent Magnets Installation Approach on the Torque of а Magneto-Rheological Disk Brake

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 184-193
Author(s):  
Ilya Aleksandrovich Frolov ◽  
Andrei Aleksandrovich Vorotnikov ◽  
Semyon Viktorovich Bushuev ◽  
Elena Alekseevna Melnichenko ◽  
Yuri Viktorovich Poduraev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Magnetorheological Fluid ◽  
Simulation Modelling ◽  
Disc Brake ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Braking Torque ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Magnetorheological braking devices function due to the organization of domain structures between liquid and solid magnetic materials under the action of an electromagnetic or magnetic field. The disc is most widely used as a rotating braking element that made of a solid magnetic material due to the large area of contact with a magnetorheological fluid. Many factors affect the braking characteristics of the magnetorheological disc brake. Specifically, the value of the magnetic field and how the field is distributed across the work element is significantly affected at the braking torque. There are different ways to generate a magnetic field. In this study, the method of installation of permanent magnets into the construction, allowing to increase the braking torque of the magnetorheological disc brake is proposed. Simulation modelling showing the distribution of the magnetic field across the disk depending on the installation of permanent magnets with different pole orientations were carried out. The model takes into account the possibility of increasing the gap between solid magnetic materials of the structure, inside them which the magnetorheological fluid is placed. Comparative estimation of the distribution of the magnetic fields depending on the chosen method of installation of permanent magnets with different orientations of their poles is carried out. Further research is planned to focus on a comparative assessment of the distribution of magnetic fields depending on the selected material of the braking chamber.

scholarly journals The Effect of Arrive Angle of External Magnetic Field on The Shape of Hysteresis Curve Permalloy Ni80Fe20 By Simulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Merinda Lestari ◽  
Widia Nursiyanto ◽  
Agung Tjahjo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Coercive Field ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Hysteresis Curve ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Angle Variation

Magnetic sensor is a type of sensor that utilizes changes in resistance caused by changes in the magnetic field H or B. One of the suitable magnetic materials to be used as a study material for making magnetic sensors is permalloy Ni80Fe20. The reading error of the magnetic sensor of the Ni80Fe20 permalloy material affects hysteresis curve of the material and requires correction of the angle of incidence of the external magnetic field in order to provide accurate results on the storage media. In this our current research using Finite Difference OOMMF, we investigated the effect of the angle of incidence of the external magnetic field (H) on the hysteresis curve was carried out on an application based on. The research was conducted by reviewing the parameter literature of the Ni80Fe20 permalloy material and then compiling it in a script and simulating it on an application based on Finite Difference OOMMF. The data obtained from the simulation are normalized magnetization (m), external magnetic field H and coercivity field (Hc) which have been influenced by the angle of incidence. The results of the hysteresis curve at a size of 5 nm with a variation of the angle of incidence 0o are indicated by the value of the external magnetic field H of 10000 mT to -10000 mT with a coercive field Hc of 5000 mT to -5000 mT. The normalized magnetization value m is 1 to -1. The variation of the angle of incidence of 30o produces a coercive field Hc of -108.3 mT to 108.3 mT and a normalized magnetization of 0.86 to -0.86. The 45o incident angle variation produces a coercive field Hc -88.4 mT to 88.4 mT and a normalized magnetization of -0.7 to 0.7

scholarly journals Indoor Positioning Using Magnetic Fingerprint Map Captured by Magnetic Sensor Array

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 5707
Author(s):  
Ching-Han Chen ◽  
Pi-Wei Chen ◽  
Pi-Jhong Chen ◽  
Tzung-Hsin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Probabilistic Neural Network ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
The Magnetic Field

By collecting the magnetic field information of each spatial point, we can build a magnetic field fingerprint map. When the user is positioning, the magnetic field measured by the sensor is matched with the magnetic field fingerprint map to identify the user’s location. However, since the magnetic field is easily affected by external magnetic fields and magnetic storms, which can lead to “local temporal-spatial variation”, it is difficult to construct a stable and accurate magnetic field fingerprint map for indoor positioning. This research proposes a new magnetic indoor positioning method, which combines a magnetic sensor array composed of three magnetic sensors and a recurrent probabilistic neural network (RPNN) to realize a high-precision indoor positioning system. The magnetic sensor array can detect subtle magnetic anomalies and spatial variations to improve the stability and accuracy of magnetic field fingerprint maps, and the RPNN model is built for recognizing magnetic field fingerprint. We implement an embedded magnetic sensor array positioning system, which is evaluated in an experimental environment. Our method can reduce the noise caused by the spatial-temporal variation of the magnetic field, thus greatly improving the indoor positioning accuracy, reaching an average positioning accuracy of 0.78 m.

Vehicle Detection and Monitoring Setup Based on Anisotropic Magnetoresistance Sensors

2014 ◽  
Vol 605 ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
N. Hadjigeorgiou ◽  
D. Kossivakis ◽  
P. Skafidas
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Vehicle Detection ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Anisotropic Magnetoresistance ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The evolution in microelectronics and microarchitecture lead to the creation of cheap and reliable embedded magnetic sensors. Anisotropic Magnetoresistors (AMR), being able to measure one axis magnetic fields, have been employed in many applications so far. In this paper AMR sensor (HMC2003) manufactured by Honeywell Inc. was tested for its ability to detect the magnetic field of a vehicle. Two different sensor topologies were examined regarding their performance in vehicle detection and monitoring.

Direction Drilling Measurement Errors Caused by Drilling Fluid Constituents

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Pattarini ◽  
Sheldon Rawlins ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Benny Poedjono
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Materials ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Muds ◽  
Shielding Effects

Materials in drilling muds are known to sometimes distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the azimuth of well path. This distortion or shielding effect can contribute to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells and with significant well displacements, these errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated section in the range of 1–200m; and thus impact on the overall productivity expectation of the well. The article describes significant shielding effects observed while drilling long wells. The criteria for acceptance of the surveys were not met and resultantly, an alternative survey source had to be obtained with resulted in increased cost and time to the client. A number of measures were implemented to eliminate this shielding effect. The effects of drilling fluid contamination by magnetic materials are calculated, and a method to evaluate the magnetic properties of the drilling fluid is proposed. The effect of taking measurements with the pumps on versus off is quantified.

The Shielding Effect of Drilling Fluids on Measurement While Drilling Tool Downhole Compasses—The Effect of Drilling Fluid Composition, Contaminants, and Rheology

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Songxiong Ding ◽  
Per Amund Amundsen ◽  
Kristoffer Tellefsen
Keyword(s):  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Drilling Site ◽  
Wear Products

Materials such as added clays, weight materials, drill solids, and metallic wear products in the drilling fluid are known to distort the geomagnetic field at the location of the measurement while drilling (MWD) tool magnetometers that are used to measure the direction of well path. This distortion contributes to substantial errors in determination of azimuth while drilling deviated wells. These errors may result in missing the target of a long deviated 12 ¼ in. section in the range of 1–200 m, representing a significant cost to be mitigated. The error becomes even more pronounced if drilling occurs in arctic regions close to the magnetic north pole (or south pole). The effect on the magnetometer readings is obviously linked to the kinds and amounts of magnetic materials in the drilling fluid. The problem has recently been studied by laboratory experiments and analyses of downhole survey data. A series of experiments has been carried out to understand how some drilling fluid additives relate to the magnetic distortion. Experiments with free iron ions show that presence of iron ions does not contribute to magnetic distortion, while experiments with bentonite-based fluids show a strong effect of bentonite on magnetic shielding. Albeit earlier measurements showing a strong dependency of the content of organophilic clay, clean laboratory prepared oil-based drilling fluids show no increased shielding when adding organophilic hectorite clays. The anticipated difference between these two cases is outlined in the paper. When eroded steel from an offshore drilling site is added into the oil-based drilling fluid, it is found that these swarf and steel fines significantly increase the magnetic shielding of the drilling fluid. The paper outlines how the drilling direction may be distorted by the presence of these additives and contaminants and how this relates to the rheological properties of the drilling fluid.

scholarly journals Ditch Magnet Performance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjartan M. Strømø ◽  
Arild Saasen ◽  
Helge Hodne ◽  
Jan Egil Pallin ◽  
Gudmund Aaker
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Waste Material ◽  
Magnetic Shielding ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Magnet System ◽  
Strong Magnetic Fields ◽  
Measurement While Drilling

Magnetic shielding of the Measurement While Drilling (MWD) directional tools and damages to mud pumps, down-hole tools and casing/drill-pipe and difficulties in understanding logging results are some of the main problems caused by steel and magnetic contaminated drilling fluids. In order to have these problems significantly reduced, all the magnetic contaminants should ideally be removed from the drilling fluid by the use of ditch magnets. Hence, the magnets and their ability to remove magnetic waste from the drilling fluid was evaluated by field evaluations. Data from a field test of a new ditch magnet system where all the drilling fluid is forced to flow into an area with a strong magnetic fields have been compared with data from an operation with a traditional ditch magnet system in order to see if there are any significant differences in the total amount of magnetic waste material collected from the two systems. It is shown how drilling length, inclination and casing size may affect the production of magnetic debris entering the drilling fluid, and hence, show the well construction dependence of the ditch magnet performance.

Design of Turbine System for Positive Mud-Pulse Telemetry

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Amini ◽  
Xiaobo Peng
Keyword(s):  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Turbine Component ◽  
Measurement While Drilling ◽  
Cfd Analyses ◽  
Continuous Power

This paper presents the design of a turbine system that powers an alternator in a Positive Mud Pulse Telemetry (P-MPT) system, a Measurement While Drilling tool (MWD) used in the petroleum industry. With rig rates exceeding $1 million per day and wells that are drilled at depths of over 30,000 ft (9144 m), operators need to have an MWD tool that can provide continuous power while drilling without interruption. With our design of the turbine component for the P-MPT system, it allows the signals of directional drilling information to be continuously transmitted while concurrently drilling. This paper presents the turbine system for a P-MPT system with the testing and analysis for operational conditions. The turbine system consists of a stationary vein positioned 0.25 inches (0.635 centimeters) apart from a rotating vein that is connected to the shaft-alternator system. The turbine system was manufactured with 3D printing. An experimental wind tunnel was built to simulate a downhole drilling environment by applying density scaling techniques to model flow in drilling fluid. The testing results of the turbine system are presented and discussed, including differential pressure, no-load rotation speed (RPM), stall torque, and power. CFD analyses were performed. The wind tunnel experimental data were validated by the CFD analyses. The results show that the turbine system design is functional for the P-MPT system.

Nature-inspired position determination using inherent magnetic fields

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 161-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Taghvaeeyan ◽  
Rajesh Rajamani
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Magnetic Sensor ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Position Measurement ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinders ◽  
Accurate Position ◽  
Field Lines

Many creatures in nature, including butterflies, newts, and mole rats, use the Earth's inherent magnetic field for navigation. They use magnetic field lines and variations in field intensity to determine their geographical position. This paper seeks to apply similar techniques to measure the positions of individual ferromagnetic objects found all around us in everyday life. Ferromagnetic objects have inherent magnetic fields around them. We show here that the magnetic field variation around a ferromagnetic object can be modeled using purely the geometry of the object under consideration. By exploiting this model, the position of the object can be measured quite accurately using a small inexpensive magnetic sensor. Further, the use of just one additional redundant magnetic sensor can eliminate the need to calibrate the position measurement system. As demonstrated in the paper through a series of experimental results, the developed measurement system is applicable to accurate position measurement of small and large ferromagnetic objects, including cars on highways, oscillating pistons in internal combustion engines, pneumatic cylinders, hydraulic cylinders, as well as moving parts in many machines.

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