A Comparison of the Predicted and Measured Thermodynamic Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
R. A. Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Production

The thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine cogeneration system is predicted using a computer model. The predicted performance is compared to the actual performance, determined by measurements, in terms of various thermodynamic performance parameters which are defined and discussed in this paper. These parameters include the electric power output, fuel flow rate, steam production, electrical efficiency, steam efficiency, and total plant efficiency. Other derived parameters are the net heat rate, the power-to-heat ratio, and the fuel savings rate. This paper describes the cogeneration plant, the computer model, and the measurement techniques used to determine each of the necessary measurands. The predicted and the measured electric power compare well. The predicted fuel flow and steam production are less than measured. The results demonstrate that this type of comparison is needed if computer models are to be used successfully in the design and selection of cogeneration systems.

scholarly journals The Effect of Thermal Matching on the Thermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine and IC Engine Cogeneration Systems

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
N. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System

Computer models have been used to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system and an internal combustion engine (IC) cogeneration system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal matching of the load (i.e., required thermal energy) and the output steam fraction (fraction of the thermal output, steam and hot water, which is steam) on the thermodynamic performance of typical cogeneration systems at both full and partial output. The thermodynamic parameters considered were; the net heat rate (NHR), the power to heat ratio (PHR), and the fuel savings rate (FSR). With direct use (the steam fractions being different); the NHR of these two systems is similar at full output, the NHR of the IC systems is lower at partial output, and the PHR and the FSR of the GT systems is lower than the IC systems over the full range of operating conditions. With thermal matching (to produce a given steam fraction) the most favorable NHR, PHR, and FSR depends on the method of matching the load to the thermal output.

The Effect of Thermal Matching on the Thermodynamic Performance of Gas Turbine and IC Engine Cogeneration Systems

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
N. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Ic Engine ◽  
Thermal Output ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System

Computer models have been used to analyze the thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine (GT) cogeneration system and an internal combustion engine (IC) cogeneration system. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermal matching of the load (i.e., required thermal energy) and the output steam fraction (fraction of the thermal output, steam and hot water, which is steam) on the thermodynamic performance of typical cogeneration systems at both full and partial output. The thermodynamic parameters considered were: the net heat rate (NHR), the power-to-heat ratio (PHR), and the fuel savings rate (FSR). With direct use (the steam fractions being different), the NHR of these two systems is similar at full output, the NHR of the IC systems is lower at partial output, and the PHR and the FSR of the GT systems are lower than those of the IC systems over the full range of operating conditions. With thermal matching (to produce a given steam fraction) the most favorable NHR, PHR, and FSR depend on the method of matching the load to the thermal output.

Exergy Analysis for a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Doek Oh ◽  
Hyo-Sun Pang ◽  
Si-Moon Kim ◽  
Ho-Young Kwak
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Exergoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Exergy Balance

A general exergy balance equation that is applicable to any component of thermal systems has been formulated in this study. One of distinct features of this formulation is that the exergy involved in the component of any thermal system can be decomposed into exergy flows, entropy production flows, and the appropriate exergy rate terms such as fuel and available work. The exergy analysis based on this equation permits one to predict the thermal efficiency of the system, the exergy destruction in each component as well as the mass flow rate, the composition, and the temperature of the exhaust gases. We have examined the performance of a 1000 kW gas turbine cogeneration system when it is operated at part and full-load conditions through this analysis. We have also tested the effect of the inlet air temperature and the relative humidity of the inlet air on the performance of the system. The predicted values of the performances for the system have been compared with the actual performance data provided by the gas turbine manufacturer. It has been found that the measured data of net power and the properties of exhaust gases are in good agreement with calculation ones, differing by less than 3 percent. The exergy balance equation may be utilized in the exergoeconomic analysis to estimate the production costs depending on various input costs in a gas turbine cogeneration system.

Dynamic Simulation of the Gravel Bed Combustor-Gas Turbine System

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl A. Palmer ◽  
Kenneth W. Ragland
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Fuel Feed ◽  
Gravel Bed ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Cogeneration System

A novel gravel bed, downdraft, woodchip combustor that directly-fires a gas turbine for use in a cogeneration system has been developed. In this combustor, the fuel burning rate is determined by pressure, temperature, air flow rate, and fuel moisture content, and not by the fuel feed rate. When the gravel bed combustor is connected to a gas turbine system, the operator loses the freedom to directly set the fuel flow rate, which is the primary control variable for conventional gas turbine systems. Other control problems introduced by the gravel bed include a large thermal lag and a sizable pressure drop. This paper presents a computer model that integrates the dynamic characteristics of an actual gas turbine with the characteristics of the gravel bed combustor. The program determines system behavior and helps evaluate possible control strategies. The system is controlled using the CO2 level leaving the gravel bed. The bypass valve setting determines the load level. Both the slow temperature dynamics and quick turbomachinery dynamics must be considered when operating the system.

Performance Characteristics of Indirect-Fired Gas Turbine/Cogeneration Cycles

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Design Point ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration Cycle

General characteristics equations for cogeneration cycle thermodynamic performance were derived and expressed as functions of the power-to-heat ratio. Based on these equations, design point performance of indirect-fired open-cycle and closed-cycle gas turbine/cogeneration systems were analyzed and compared with those of steam turbine/cogeneration system. Effects of gas turbine pressure ratio and inlet temperature on design point performance were evaluated. Off-design partial load performances of the three cogeneration systems using various control modes were also investigated. Results indicated significant efficiency advantage of the closed-cycle gas turbine/cogeneration system over the others for both design and off-design operations.

scholarly journals Performance Potential of an Advanced Nuclear Gas Turbine/Cogeneration System (HTGR-GT/C)

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald ◽  
Thomas H. Van Hagan ◽  
Davorin Kapich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Reactor Outlet ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Production

The success of the closed-cycle gas turbine depends on utilizing high-grade waste heat. This paper presents features for an advanced nuclear gas turbine operating with a reactor outlet temperature of 950°C. It discusses the results of a systems study exploring the performance potential of an advanced nuclear gas turbine/cogeneration concept (HTGR-GT/C) with a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor heat source. It also highlights the flexibility of operation with regard to combined electrical power generation and process steam production.

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