scholarly journals Performance Potential of an Advanced Nuclear Gas Turbine/Cogeneration System (HTGR-GT/C)

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald ◽  
Thomas H. Van Hagan ◽  
Davorin Kapich
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Performance Potential ◽  
Reactor Outlet ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Production

The success of the closed-cycle gas turbine depends on utilizing high-grade waste heat. This paper presents features for an advanced nuclear gas turbine operating with a reactor outlet temperature of 950°C. It discusses the results of a systems study exploring the performance potential of an advanced nuclear gas turbine/cogeneration concept (HTGR-GT/C) with a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor heat source. It also highlights the flexibility of operation with regard to combined electrical power generation and process steam production.

scholarly journals The Role of the Recuperator in High Performance Gas Turbine Applications

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Waste Heat ◽  
Prime Movers

With soaring fuel costs and diminishing clean fuel availability, the efficiency of the industrial gas turbine must be improved by utilizing the exhaust waste heat by either incorporating a recuperator or by co-generation, or both. In the future, gas turbines for power generation should be capable of operation on fuels hitherto not exploited in this prime-mover, i.e., coal and nuclear fuel. The recuperative gas turbine can be used for open-cycle, indirect cycle, and closed-cycle applications, the latter now receiving renewed attention because of its adaptability to both fossil (coal) and nuclear (high temperature gas-cooled reactor) heat sources. All of these prime-movers require a viable high temperature heat exchanger for high plant efficiency. In this paper, emphasis is placed on the increasingly important role of the recuperator and the complete spectrum of recuperative gas turbine applications is surveyed, from lightweight propulsion engines, through vehicular and industrial prime-movers, to the large utility size nuclear closed-cycle gas turbine. For each application, the appropriate design criteria, types of recuperator construction (plate-fin or tubular etc.), and heat exchanger material (metal or ceramic) are briefly discussed.

Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Biogas on a 3 kW Micro Gas Turbine FLOX®-Based Combustor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Seliger-Ost ◽  
Peter Kutne ◽  
Jan Zanger ◽  
Manfred Aigner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Electrical Power Output ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of biogas has currently two disadvantages. Firstly, processing biogas to natural gas quality for feeding into the natural gas grid is a rather energy consuming process. Secondly, the conversion into electricity directly in biogas plants produces waste heat, which largely cannot be used. Therefore, a feed-in of the desulfurized and dry biogas to local biogas grids would be preferable. Thus, the biogas could be used directly at the end consumer for heat and power production. As biogas varies in its methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) content, respectively, this paper studies the influence of different biogas mixtures compared to natural gas on the combustion in a FLOX®-based six nozzle combustor. The single staged combustor is suitable for the use in a micro gas turbine (MGT) based combined heat and power (CHP) system with an electrical power output of 3 kW. The combustor is studied in an optically accessible atmospheric test rig, as well as integrated into the MGT system. This paper focuses on the influence of the admixture of CO2 to natural gas on the NOX and CO emissions. Furthermore, at atmospheric conditions the shape and location of the heat release zone is investigated using OH* chemiluminescence (OH* CL). The combustor could be stably operated in the MGT within the complete stationary operating range with all fuel mixtures.

Preliminary Design of Dry Cooling Tower for the Closed Cycle Gas Turbine HTGR

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Montakhab
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Cooling Tower ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cross Flow ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Dry Cooling Tower ◽  
Dry Cooling

Because of its relatively high coolant temperature, the closed cycle gas turbine HTGR is well adapted to dry cooling and its waste heat can be rejected with relatively low cost. The preliminary design of natural-draft dry cooling towers for a 1200 MW(e) GT-HTGR is presented. The effects of air approach velocity, capacity rates of air and water mediums, and number of heat exchanger cross flow passes on salient tower and heat exchanger dimensions are studied. Optimum tower designs are achieved with three cross flow passes for the heat exchanger, resulting in a simultaneous minimization of tower height, heat exchanger surface area and circulating water pumping power. Four alternative tower designs are considered and their relative merits are compared. It is concluded that the 1200 MW(e) plant can be cooled by a single tower design which is well within the present state of the natural-draft dry cooling tower technology. In comparison, the fossil-fired or HTGR steam plants of the same output is shown to need three such towers.

Design of a 6- by 6-Foot Coal-Fired Heater for a CCGT Air Heater

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. H. Russell ◽  
J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Design Rationale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. Department of Energy is sponsoring a program of research and development on coal-fired heaters to provide heat input to the working fluid of a closed-cycle gas turbine/cogeneration system. One of the fired heater concepts being researched employs the atmospheric pressure fluidized bed coal combustion concept. This paper describes a research oriented atmospheric fluidized bed of 6- by 6-foot plan dimensions that has been designed and is being constructed for utilization during the R&D program. The design rationale is presented, details of the more significant details are described and discussed, and the planned methods for utilizing the 6- by 6-foot AFB as a research tool are presented.

The Nuclear Gas Turbine: Towards Realization After Half a Century of Evolution

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin F. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Closed Cycle ◽  
Furnace Gases ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Space Power Systems

This paper has been written exactly 50 years after the first disclosure of a closed-cycle gas turbine concept with a simplistic uranium heater. Clearly, this plant was ahead of its time in terms of technology readiness, and the closed-cycle gas turbine was initially deployed in a cogeneration mode burning dirty fuels (e.g., coal, furnace gases). In the 1950s through the mid 1980s about 20 of these plants operated providing electrical power and district heating for European cities. The basic concept of a nuclear gas turbine plant was demonstrated in the USA on a small scale in 1961 with a mobile closed-cycle nitrogen gas turbine [330 KW(e)] coupled with a nuclear reactor. In the last three decades, closed-cycle gas turbine research and development, particularly in the U.S. has focused on space power systems, but today the utility size gas turbine-modular helium reactor (GT-MHR) is on the verge of being realized. The theme of this paper traces the half century of closed-cycle gas turbine evolution, and discusses the recent enabling technologies (e.g., magnetic bearings, compact recuperator) that now make the GT-MHR close to realization. The author would like to dedicate this paper to the late Professor Curt Keller who in 1935 filed the first closed-cycle gas turbine patent in Switzerland, and who exactly 50 years ago, first described a power plant involving the coupling of a helium gas turbine with a uranium heater.

Thermo-Economic Analysis of an Intercooled, Reheat and Recuperated Gas Turbine for Cogeneration Applications: Part I — Base Load Operation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
G. Negri di Montenegro ◽  
A. Peretto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper presents a thermo-economic analysis of an intercooled, reheat (ICRH) gas turbine, with and without recuperation, for cogeneration applications. The optimization analyses of thermodynamic parameters have permitted to calculate variables, such as low-pressure compressor pressure ratio, high-pressure turbine pressure ratio and gas temperature at the waste heat recovery unit inlet while maximizing electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index”. Subsequently, the economic analyses have allowed to evaluate return on the investment, and the minimum value of gross payout period, for the cycle configurations of highest thermodynamic performance. In the present study three sizes (100 MW, 20 MW and 5 MW) of gas turbines have been examined. The performed investigation reveals that the maximum value of electric efficiency and “Energy Saving Index” is achieved for a large size (100 MW) recuperated ICRH gas turbine based cogeneration system. However, a non-recuperated ICRH gas turbine (of 100 MW) based cogeneration system provides maximum value of return on the investment and the minimum value of gross payout period compared to the other gas turbine cycles, of the same size and with same power to heat ratio, investigated in the present study. A comprehensive thermo-economic analysis methodology, presented in this paper, should provide useful guidelines for preliminary sizing and selection of gas turbine cycle for cogeneration applications.

A Comparison of the Predicted and Measured Thermodynamic Performance of a Gas Turbine Cogeneration System

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Baughn ◽  
R. A. Kerwin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Performance ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Steam Production

The thermodynamic performance of a gas turbine cogeneration system is predicted using a computer model. The predicted performance is compared to the actual performance, determined by measurements, in terms of various thermodynamic performance parameters which are defined and discussed in this paper. These parameters include the electric power output, fuel flow rate, steam production, electrical efficiency, steam efficiency, and total plant efficiency. Other derived parameters are the net heat rate, the power-to-heat ratio, and the fuel savings rate. This paper describes the cogeneration plant, the computer model, and the measurement techniques used to determine each of the necessary measurands. The predicted and the measured electric power compare well. The predicted fuel flow and steam production are less than measured. The results demonstrate that this type of comparison is needed if computer models are to be used successfully in the design and selection of cogeneration systems.

The Integrated Approach to a Gas Turbine Topping Cycle Cogeneration System

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Leibowitz ◽  
E. Tabb
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Cogeneration System

Under Gas Research Institute (GRI) sponsorship, a new gas turbine cogeneration system was developed by Mechanical Technology, Inc., (MTI) for installation at a General Motors plant in early 1985. Specific emphasis was placed on system integration. A single, prime-reliable drive train and a single control center replace a wide assortment of nonintegrated, free-standing power drives and control centers. On-line availability, installation costs, and overall user acceptance are improved. The cogeneration set produces 3 MWe and 8,860 kg/hr (19,500 lb/hr) of 1825 kPa (250 psig) saturated steam using an Allison 501-KH gas turbine and a natural circulation waste heat boiler. The system is designed for multifuel operation using either natural gas or distillate oil. A steam injection feature is employed to increase output to 4 MWe when process steam demand diminishes. The system is prepackaged, skid mounted, and delivered in four modules: one each for the machinery, duct burner, waste heat boiler, and controls.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Novel Power-Water Cogeneration System for Waste Heat Recovery of Gas Turbine

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1656
Author(s):  
Shunsen Wang ◽  
Bo Li
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Turbine Inlet Temperature ◽  
Split Ratio ◽  
Preheating Temperature ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Dual Stage

A power-water cogeneration system based on a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (SCBC) and reverse osmosis (RO) unit is proposed and analyzed in this paper to recover the waste heat of a gas turbine. In order to improve the system performance, the power generated by SCBC is used to drive the RO unit and the waste heat of SCBC is used to preheat the feed seawater of the RO unit. In particular, a dual-stage cooler is employed to elevate the preheating temperature as much as possible. The proposed system is simulated and discussed based on the detailed thermodynamic models. According to the results of parametric analysis, the exergy efficiency of SCBC first increases and then decreases as the turbine inlet temperature and split ratio increase. The performance of the RO unit is improved as the preheating temperature rises. Finally, an optimal exergy efficiency of 52.88% can be achieved according to the single-objective optimization results.

scholarly journals Safety Aspects and Environmental Considerations for a 10 MW Cogeneration Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Burning Coke Oven Gas With 60% Hydrogen Content

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen J. Wolf ◽  
Marko A. Perkavec
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Heavy Duty ◽  
Waste Heat Boiler ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

A customer of European Gas Turbines GmbH processes coal tar into chemical intermediate and final products. Continuous production throughout the year requires a peak electrical power of 10 megawatts and a continuous supply of approximately 30 tons per hour of superheated steam at a pressure of 41 bar. To cover these needs the customer chose a heavy duty gas turbine, type G3142J driving a generator. The exhaust gas from the gas turbine is fed to a waste heat boiler for steam production.

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