Plug Flow of Bulk Solids Using Gas Pressure Control

This paper considers interstitial fluid pressure as an additional characteristic effecting bulk solids flowability. It describes a method for improving flow control of cement, powdered coal, sand, etc. through a converging hopper by applying particle stress-ratio control. In some applications, flowability of bulk solids can be modified rather than make costly modifications to the hopper. The patented method combines a baffle, a slot opening and gas pressure control modifying flowability in a converging channel. Plug-flow, a preferred type of mass flow, has been achieved flowing cement through hoppers open to the atmosphere as well as through enclosed, pressurized hoppers.

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Multiphase Bulk Solids Flow Systems

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3183844 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

R. B. Emery

Keyword(s):

Soil Mechanics ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Multiphase System ◽

Mechanical Loads ◽

Bulk Solids ◽

Design Goal ◽

Flow Systems ◽

Quantitative Design ◽

Design Construction

Theory and proof are presented here related to fluid pressure control of bulk solids flowability. They are directed toward a quantitative design goal for fluid-solids flow systems. An effort is made to relate multiphase system concept to existing soil mechanics, strength of material and bulk solids flow theory. Gas or liquid interstitial loads often add cumulative effects to the mechanical loads normally considered in bulk solids flow systems. Summation of the mechanical, gas and liquid loads form the basis for multiphase system design. Useful savings in design, construction and maintenance are expected from application of multiphase theory. Quantitative design can, in some cases, provide flow, no-flow, or a controlled combination of flow and no-flow.

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Concepts of Multiphase Flow Related to the Jenike Design Method

Journal of Engineering for Industry ◽

10.1115/1.3438464 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 936-939

Author(s):

R. B. Emery

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Fluid ◽

Design Method ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Bulk Solids ◽

Design Goal ◽

Bulk Solid ◽

Liquid Moving ◽

Flow Systems ◽

Quantitative Design ◽

Flow Functions

Hypotheses are presented here for improving bulk solids flowability. They are directed toward a quantitative design goal for gas-solids flow systems. An effort is made to relate gas control in gas-solids flow systems to the Jenike design method. Cohesion and friction in slumped beds are frequent barriers to flow. Gas or liquid moving through bulk solids interstices can reduce interparticle cohesion. Changes in interstitial fluid pressure can modify friction angles and so change channel flow factors and bulk solid flow functions. Mass flow can be achieved in gas-solids flow systems using comparatively large hopper half apex angles.

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Control of interstitial fluid pressure: Role of [beta ]-integrins

Seminars in Nephrology ◽

10.1053/snep.2001.21646 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 222-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Rolf K. Reed ◽

Ansgar Berg ◽

Eli-Anne B. Gjerde ◽

Kristofer Rubin

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Fluid ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Interstitial Fluid Pressure

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Correction to: Stress and pore fluid pressure control of seismicity rate changes following the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, Japan

Earth Planets and Space ◽

10.1186/s40623-021-01358-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kodai Nakagomi ◽

Toshiko Terakawa ◽

Satoshi Matsumoto ◽

Shinichiro Horikawa

Keyword(s):

Fluid Pressure ◽

Pressure Control ◽

Pore Fluid ◽

2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽

Pore Fluid Pressure ◽

Seismicity Rate ◽

Kumamoto Earthquake ◽

The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽

Seismicity Rate Changes

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

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Dynamics of Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Extracellular Matrix Hydrogels in Microfluidic Devices

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.4031020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 137 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Joe Tien ◽

Le Li ◽

Ozgur Ozsun ◽

Kamil L. Ekinci

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Pressure Distribution ◽

Interstitial Fluid ◽

Scaling Laws ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Interstitial Fluid Pressure ◽

External Loading ◽

Interstitial Pressure ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Long Time

In order to understand how interstitial fluid pressure and flow affect cell behavior, many studies use microfluidic approaches to apply externally controlled pressures to the boundary of a cell-containing gel. It is generally assumed that the resulting interstitial pressure distribution quickly reaches a steady-state, but this assumption has not been rigorously tested. Here, we demonstrate experimentally and computationally that the interstitial fluid pressure within an extracellular matrix gel in a microfluidic device can, in some cases, react with a long time delay to external loading. Remarkably, the source of this delay is the slight (∼100 nm in the cases examined here) distension of the walls of the device under pressure. Finite-element models show that the dynamics of interstitial pressure can be described as an instantaneous jump, followed by axial and transverse diffusion, until the steady pressure distribution is reached. The dynamics follow scaling laws that enable estimation of a gel's poroelastic constants from time-resolved measurements of interstitial fluid pressure.

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Functional Nanoparticles for Tumor Penetration of Therapeutics

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics10040193 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 193 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Yu-Lin Su ◽

Shang-Hsiu Hu

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Tumor Heterogeneity ◽

Interstitial Fluid ◽

Fluid Pressure ◽

Drug Particle ◽

Tumor Penetration ◽

Functional Nanoparticles ◽

Particle Penetration ◽

Enhanced Permeability And Retention ◽

Theranostic Nanoparticles

Theranostic nanoparticles recently received great interest for uniting unique functions to amplify therapeutic efficacy and reduce side effects. Despite the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, which amplifies the accumulation of nanoparticles at the site of a tumor, tumor heterogeneity caused by the dense extracellular matrix of growing cancer cells and the interstitial fluid pressure from abnormal angiogenesis in the tumor inhibit drug/particle penetration, leading to inhomogeneous and limited treatments. Therefore, nanoparticles for penetrated delivery should be designed with different strategies to enhance efficacy. Many strategies were developed to overcome the obstacles in cancer therapy, and they can be divided into three main parts: size changeability, ligand functionalization, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the results of ameliorated tumor penetration approaches and amplified therapeutic efficacy in nanomedicines. As the references reveal, further study needs to be conducted with comprehensive strategies with broad applicability and potential translational development.

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