An Investigation of the Mechanism of the Friction and Wear of Carbon

1963 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Midgley ◽  
D. G. Teer
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Ambient Room Temperature ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics ◽  
Low Shear

A comparison has been made of the friction and wear characteristics of carbons of high (p = 0.1) and low (p = 0.9) graphiticity (hereafter referred to as graphitic and nongraphitic) in vacuo, air, and CO2 at ambient room temperature. The friction of nongraphitic carbon can be just as low as graphitic carbon and it is similarly affected by absorbed gases. It is different, however, in that it periodically exhibits a substantial increase of friction which is not normally observed with graphitic carbon. The surface orientation produced by rubbing is also quite different and so is the mode of wear. These differences have been investigated and are explained in terms of the different physical properties associated with the structures of the two materials. On the basis of this work a critical assessment has been made of the various theories concerning the mechanism of the friction of graphitic carbon. The results are in accord with the view that the low friction of graphitic carbon (and of nongraphitic carbon) is due to low adhesion between crystallites, not to the low shear strength nor to the separation of the surfaces by rolled up crystallites.

Stress and Tolerance Analysis for Zero Insertion Force (ZIF) Connector

1989 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Engel ◽  
S. E. Nemier ◽  
M. D. Toda
Keyword(s):  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Insertion Force ◽  
Monte Carlo Techniques ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Tolerance Study ◽  
Statistical Tolerance ◽  
Numerical Finite Element ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

A zero-insertion-force (ZIF) connector spring was designed with the multiple requirements of maintaining precise normal force, yielding sufficient wipe, and having low friction-and-wear characteristics. Since accurate response data as well as quick appraising methods were needed, both analytical and numerical (finite element) methods of stress analysis were used to calculate actuation against a circuit card contact. Both material plasticity and large deformation nonlinearities were considered to ensure design integrity. A statistical tolerance study of the ZIF connector was performed using Monte Carlo techniques. The results were used to provide dimensional limits for strength, and to predict the probability of contacts projecting into the circuit card slot, impeding connector actuation.

Paper 7: Surface Studies in the Investigation of Failure Mechanisms

1967 ◽  
Vol 182 (11) ◽  
pp. 56-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

Surface effects can influence the friction and wear characteristics and the fatigue behaviour of materials, so that any investigation of these phenomena necessitates careful study of the surfaces involved. Changes in topography, chemical nature, structure, and physical properties of surfaces subjected to sliding, rolling, abrasion, corrosion, deformation and repeated stressing have been studied using optical and electron microscopy and micro-probe analysis to obtain information of use in the elucidation of failure mechanisms and their controlling factors. Specific information from each technique enables comprehensive data to be accumulated. The paper reviews work which has been carried out in recent years, mainly from the technological viewpoint.

Lubrication

2019 ◽  
pp. 259-300
Author(s):  
C. Mathew Mate ◽  
Robert W. Carpick
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Parameter ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Sliding Surfaces ◽  
Liquid Material ◽  
Low Shear

For situations where high friction is not explicitly needed, lubricants are used to reduce friction and wear to acceptable levels. Lubricants function mainly by introducing a layer of solid or liquid material with low shear strength between two sliding surfaces. This chapter covers the basic regimes of lubrication: hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, elastohydrodynamic, mixed, and boundary. Viscosity is the most important physical parameter describing a lubricant, and it is thoroughly discussed in this chapter. Slippage of lubricants and other liquids against solid surfaces is also discussed. The chapter also discusses the basic mechanisms and types of bearings that provide hydrodynamic and elastohydrodynamic lubrication.

scholarly journals Soft soils: A study on their electrical resistivity values and geotechnical properties (porosity, SPT and particle size distribution)

Warta Geologi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-190
Author(s):  
Najmiah Rosli ◽  
◽  
Rosli Saad ◽  
Nazrin Rahman ◽  
Nur Azwin Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Clay Layer ◽  
Sandy Layer ◽  
Porosity Measurements ◽  
Low Shear

Soft soils pose abundant engineering issues due to its low bearing capacity and shear strength. Comprehensive study on soft soil’s physical properties such as shear strength and ability to store water (porosity) could help in devising the optimum ground improvements and foundations techniques. Therefore, physical properties of soft marine clay in Nibong Tebal were thoroughly studied using 2-Dimensional Resistivity Imaging (2-DRI) method in conjunction with porosity measurements, standard penetration test values (SPT-n) and particle size distribution (PSD) analysis. The 2-DRI profile depicts three lithologies, which are unsaturated topsoil, saturated soft clayey soil and saturated sandy soil in the area. The soft soil extends up to 32 m in thickness where it overlies the sandy layer and could be correlated back to lithology profile from borehole record. Additionally, soil samples were collected at three locations along the survey line for porosity measurements via saturation porosimetry method. The samples demonstrate that the clay layer has a very large porosity range and signifies that the soil will compress tremendously under load. On the other hand, SPT-N values of the soft clay is also very low; thus, could be classed as very soft to soft cohesive soil with very low shear strength as compared to a higher range SPT-n values of the sandy layer. The PSD result also compliments the 2-DRI, porosity and SPT results to show distinct differences between topsoil and the soft clay layer in terms of the presence of fine grains. These results further indicate that the thick upper layer is not capable of bearing immense loads such as high-rise infrastructures due to the soil’s high porosity and low shear strength. Hence, the area must undergo ground remediations prior to any infrastructure developments on the land.

TIMETAL 679

Alloy Digest ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Three Phases

Abstract TIMETAL 679 is a Ti-11Sn-5Zr-2.25Al-1Mo-0.2Si alloy with three phases at room temperature. It has high strength with creep resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TI-126. Producer or source: Timet.

Preparation and Properties of Silicone Modified Epoxy Resin, Nano-TiO2 and Nano-TiO2/Micron-Al2O3 Polymer Alloys Putty

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 3009-3013
Author(s):  
Ming Qiu Wang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Hai Ping Cui ◽  
Shi Guo Du
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Friction Mechanism ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Modified Epoxy ◽  
Friction And Wear Characteristics

The epoxy resin-based polymer alloys putty modified by using silicone/nano-TiO2/MoS2micron-particles and nm-TiO2/μm-Al2O3composite particles were prepared at room temperature. Properties including hardness, friction and wear characteristics are analyzed by means of pin-on-disk testers, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the influences of contents of organic silicone on the matrix were investigated via measuring the tensile strength and elongation, thermal stability and microstructure of the cured materials. The results showed that the tensile strength of the cured materials(mass ratio of epoxy resin to TSR144 is 1:1) is 59.12 MPa, elongation = 12.40%, and temperature of 50% weight loss is 414°C, higher than those of pure epoxy resin by 10.58 MPa, 5.59%, and 24°C respectively. Finally, its friction mechanism has been preliminarily discussed.

MEEHANITE HB

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Good Resistance

Abstract MEEHANITE HB is a heat resisting material having good engineering properties at room temperature and reasonably good resistance to scaling and growth at temperatures up to 1400 deg. F. over extended periods of time. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on casting. Filing Code: CI-19. Producer or source: Meehanite Metal Corporation.

Improved Sol-Gel Materials for Efficient Solid State Dye Lasers

1993 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Canva ◽  
Patrick Georges ◽  
Jean-Fran^ois Perelgritz ◽  
Alain Brun ◽  
Fréddric Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Tunable Lasers ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Dye Lasers ◽  
Laser Dyes ◽  
Host Matrix ◽  
Host Matrices

AbstractPhotoresistant laser dyes were trapped in silica based xerogel host matrices to obtain solid state tunable lasers. For this purpose very dense xerogel samples with improved chemical and physical properties were prepared at room temperature by the sol-gel technology. The as-prepared materials were polished to obtain optical quality surfaces and were used as new lasing media.Lasing action of such different dyes as rhodamine, perylene and pyrromethene doping dense sol-gel matrices was demonstrated. Efficiencies of 30 % or lifetimes of more than 100,000 shots were achieved with different new ≤dye dopant/host matrix≥ couples. Their different performances are reviewed and discussed.

INCONEL ALLOY 725

Alloy Digest ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Alloy 625

Abstract INCONEL ALLOY 725 is an age-hardenable alloy that displays high strength along with excellent ductility and toughness. Its corrosion resistance is comparable to alloy 625. Good flattening properties are exhibited in age-hardened tubing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating and machining. Filing Code: Ni-445. Producer or source: Inco Alloys International Inc.

MAGNESIL-N

Alloy Digest ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Rolling Plane ◽  
Silicon Iron

Abstract MAGNESIL-N is a non-oriented silicon-iron alloy of exceptional magnetic qualities designed for applications involving frequencies of 400 Hertz and higher. It has good permeability in all directions of the rolling plane, and is designed for either punched or sheared laminations with random flux disposition. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: Fe-53. Producer or source: Spang Industries Inc..

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