Experimental Testing of a Thermoelectric-Based Hydronic Cooling and Heating Device With Transient Charging of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage Water Tank

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kazmierczak ◽  
Sreenidhi Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Abhishek Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Component ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Te Modules

Experiments were performed to charge either cold or hot water thermal energy storage tanks using a heat exchanger equipped with multiple thermoelectric (TE) modules. The primary objective was to design a simple, but effective, modular Peltier heat pump system component to provide chilled or hot water for domestic use at the appliance level, and when arranged in multiple unit combinations, a system that can potentially satisfy small home cooling and heating requirements. Moreover, when the TEs are directly energized using solar photovoltaic (PV) panels, the system provides a renewable, pollution-free, and off-the-grid solution to supplement home energy needs. The present work focuses on the design and testing of a thermoelectric heat exchanger component that consists of two water channels machined from two aluminum plates with an array of three, five, or eight thermoelectric modules placed in between to transiently cool and/or heat the water in the thermal energy storage tank. The water passing over either the cold or hot side of the TE modules is recirculated to charge the cold or hot thermal storage tank, respectively. The temperatures in the prototype Peltier heat exchanger test component and thermal energy water storage tank were measured during both cold and hot tank charging operations. The thermal efficiencies of the TE heat pump cooling/heating system are reported. The effects of the TE power input, number of TE units, rate of fluid flow, and heat sink/source temperature are studied.

Experimental Testing of a Thermoelectric-Based Hydronic Cooling and Heating Device With Transient Charging of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage Water Tank

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Kazmierczak ◽  
Sreenidhi Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Abhishek Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
System Component ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Te Modules

Experiments were performed to charge either cold or hot water thermal energy storage tanks using a heat exchanger equipped with multiple thermoelectric (TE) modules. The primary objective was to design a simple, but effective, modular Peltier heat pump system component to provide chilled or hot water for domestic use at the appliance level, and when arranged in multiple unit combinations, a system that can potentially satisfy small home cooling and heating requirements. Moreover, when the TEs are directly energized using solar PV panels, the system provides a renewable, pollution free and off-the-grid solution to supplement home energy needs. The present work focuses on the design and testing of a thermoelectric heat exchanger component that consists of two water channels machined from two aluminum plates with an array of three or five thermoelectric modules placed in between to transiently cool and/or heat the water in the thermal energy storage tank. The water passing over either the cold or hot side of the TE modules is recirculated to charge the cold or hot thermal storage tank, respectively. The temperatures in the prototype Peltier heat exchanger test component and thermal energy water storage tank were measured during both cold tank charging and hot tank charging operation. The thermal efficiencies of TE heat pump cooling/heating system are reported. The effects of TE power input, number of TE units and rate of fluid flow are studied.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Heat Pump Cycle Including a Three-Media Refrigerant/Phase Change Material/Water Heat Exchanger in the Hot Superheated Section for Efficient Domestic Hot Water Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7873
Author(s):  
Johann Emhofer ◽  
Klemens Marx ◽  
Tilman Barz ◽  
Felix Hochwallner ◽  
Luisa F. Cabeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Change Material

Integration of a three-media refrigerant/phase change material (PCM)/water heat exchanger (RPW-HEX) in the hot superheated section of a heat pump (HP) system is a promising approach to save energy for domestic hot water (DHW) generation in multi-family houses. The RPW-HEX works as a desuperheater and as a latent thermal energy storage in the system. The latent thermal energy storage is charged during heating and cooling operation and discharged for DHW production. For this purpose, the water side of the RPW-HEX is connected to decentralized DHW storage devices. DHW consumption, building standards and climate, energy prices, material costs, and production costs are the constraints for the selection of the optimal storage size and RPW-HEX design. This contribution presents the techno-economic analysis of the RPW-HEX integrated into an R32 air source HP. With the aid of experimentally validated dynamic computer models, the optimal sizing of the RPW-HEX storage is discussed to maximize energy savings and to minimize the investment costs. The results are discussed in the context of a return of investment analysis, practical implementation aspects and energetic potential of the novel technology.

scholarly journals Energy and Exergy Analysis of Sensible Thermal Energy Storage—Hot Water Tank for a Large CHP Plant in Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Zwierzchowski ◽  
Marcin Wołowicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Energy And Exergy Analysis

The paper contains a simplified energy and exergy analysis of pumps and pipelines system integrated with Thermal Energy Storage (TES). The analysis was performed for a combined heat and power plant (CHP) supplying heat to the District Heating System (DHS). The energy and exergy efficiency for the Block Part of the Siekierki CHP Plant in Warsaw was estimated. CHP Plant Siekierki is the largest CHP plant in Poland and the second largest in Europe. The energy and exergy analysis was executed for the three different values of ambient temperature. It is according to operation of the plant in different seasons: winter season (the lowest ambient temperature Tex = −20 °C, i.e., design point conditions), the intermediate season (average ambient temperature Tex = 1 °C), and summer (average ambient temperature Tex = 15 °C). The presented results of the analysis make it possible to identify the places of the greatest exergy destruction in the pumps and pipelines system with TES, and thus give the opportunity to take necessary improvement actions. Detailed results of the energy-exergy analysis show that both the energy consumption and the rate of exergy destruction in relation to the operation of the pumps and pipelines system of the CHP plant with TES for the tank charging and discharging processes are low.

scholarly journals Development and experimental testing of a compact thermal energy storage tank using paraffin targeting domestic hot water production needs

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 100573 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Dogkas ◽  
John Konstantaras ◽  
Maria K. Koukou ◽  
Michail Gr. Vrachopoulos ◽  
Christos Pagkalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

scholarly journals Domestic hot water consumption vs. solar thermal energy storage: The optimum size of the storage tank

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Rodríguez-Hidalgo ◽  
P.A. Rodríguez-Aumente ◽  
A. Lecuona ◽  
M. Legrand ◽  
R. Ventas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Storage Tank ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Solar Thermal ◽  
Optimum Size ◽  
Solar Thermal Energy ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

scholarly journals Parametric Cost Optimization of Solar Systems with Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage for Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Willy Villasmil ◽  
Marcel Troxler ◽  
Reto Hendry ◽  
Philipp Schuetz ◽  
Jörg Worlitschek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Solar Systems ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Solar Fraction

In combination with seasonal thermal energy storage (STES), solar energy offers a vast potential for decarbonizing the residential heat supply. In this work, a parametric optimization is conducted to assess the potential of reducing the costs of water-based STES through the use of alternative thermal insulation materials and the integration of an underground storage outside the building. The investigated configurations include: a hot-water tank, a solar collector installation, and a multifamily building with a solar fraction of 100%. The storage is either integrated inside the building or buried underground in its direct vicinity. A simulation-based analysis shows that if the tank is integrated inside an existing building (as part of a retrofitting action) – where costs are primarily driven by the loss of living space – vacuum-insulation panels can lead to significant savings in living space and a cost advantage compared to the use of conventional glass wool. Nevertheless, storage integration inside an existing building is a more expensive option compared to an external integration due to the high costs associated to the internal building modification and loss of living space. Despite the high excavation costs and increased heat losses, the concept of burying the storage underground is a promising option to allow the integration of large-volume seasonal storage systems in new and existing buildings.

scholarly journals Flexibility Estimation of Residential Heat Pumps under Heat Demand Uncertainty

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5709
Author(s):  
Zhengjie You ◽  
Michel Zade ◽  
Babu Kumaran Kumaran Nalini ◽  
Peter Tzscheutschler
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Impact

With the increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation, there is a growing demand to use the inherent flexibility within buildings to absorb renewable related disruptions. Heat pumps play a particularly important role, as they account for a high share of electricity consumption in residential units. The most common way of quantifying the flexibility is by considering the response of the building or the household appliances to external penalty signals. However, this approach neither accounts for the use cases of flexibility trading nor considers its impact on the prosumer comfort, when the heat pump should cover the stochastic domestic hot water (DHW) consumption. Therefore, in this paper, a new approach to quantifying the flexibility potential of residential heat pumps is proposed. This methodology enables the prosumers themselves to generate and submit the operating plan of the heat pump to the system operator and trade the alternative operating plans of the heat pump on the flexibility market. In addition, the impact of the flexibility provision on the prosumer comfort is investigated by calculating the warm water temperature drops in the thermal energy storage given heat demand forecast errors. The results show that the approach with constant capacity reservation in the thermal energy storage provides the best solution, with an average of 2.5 min unsatisfactory time per day and a maximum temperature drop of 2.3∘C.

Switched Linear Model of a Stratified Hot Water Tank for Control of Micro-CHP Systems

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Bird ◽  
Catherine Weaver ◽  
Neera Jain
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Switched Linear System

Abstract We present a switched linear system approach for modeling the complex nonlinear dynamics associated with temperature inversion occurring in thermally stratified hot water tanks. Such tanks are commonly used for thermal energy storage, particularly in low- to medium-temperature waste heat recovery applications. By separating the influence of temperature inversion from the internal heat transfer between states in the governing differential equations, we paramaterize the nonlinearity using a vector of discrete variables. This vector is then used to define the switching between a set of linear, discrete time models. The proposed switched model is validated against a reduced-order nonlinear model of the thermal energy storage and then integrated with a fuel cell model to capture the dynamics of a micro-combined heat and power system. Simulation results demonstrate the importance that temperature inversion has on the stratification dynamics which in turn has implications for control of such systems.

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