Study of Cavitation Erosion Pits on 1045 Carbon Steel Surface in Corrosive Waters

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Karrab ◽  
M. A. Doheim ◽  
Mohammed S. Aboraia ◽  
S. M. Ahmed

Cavitation erosion resistance of steels is important in many applications. The investigation of such resistance, under different conditions, should be very useful. Cavitation erosion tests were carried out on carbon steel AISI-1045 using an ultrasonic induced cavitation facility. Cavitation erosion pits and their effect on the localized corrosion were investigated in detail in three different corrosive media: distilled water, tap water, and 3% NaCl water. The results of the investigation using SEM indicated the formation of three types of pits on cavitating specimen surfaces: corrosion pits, erosion pits, and erosion-corrosion pits. The corrosion pits have different shapes, however, the lamellar structure is the dominant structure, and has a large size of about 100 μm. The erosion pits that were formed by the cavitation microjet impacts have sizes of a few micrometers. The erosion-corrosion pits were similar to the corrosion pits, except the erosion pits formed on the corrosion pit surface due to dissolution. The eroded surface removal was the largest in the case of saline water.

2011 ◽  
Vol 479 ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
J.M. Chen ◽  
Ju Liang He ◽  
K.C. Chen ◽  
J.T. Chang

Gas tungsten arc welding with the TiNi intermetallic filler material was used to weld overlays onto the SUS 304 stainless steel and AISI 1045 medium carbon steel. The composition, hardness and cavitation erosion resistance of overlays on both kinds of steel was compared. The microstructure analysis results show that the elements from substrate materials diluted the overlay and caused the formation of dendrite structures in overlays. The crystalline phases in overlays on SUS 304 are TiNi-B2, TiNi-B19’, TiNi3 and Ti3Ni4, while those in overlay on AISI 1045 are TiNi-B2 and TiNi3. The multiple phase structures, precipitation of hard carbides and oxides formed in the overlays increases the hardness of the overlays 3-fold over the TiNi filler rod and steel substrate. This significantly increases the cavitation erosion resistance of substrate steels. The corrosion resistant overlays also enhance the cavitation erosion corrosion resistance of substrates in corrosive 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.


Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehan Khan ◽  
Hamdan H. Ya ◽  
William Pao ◽  
Armaghan Khan

Erosion–corrosion in flow changing devices as a result of sand transportation is a serious concern in the hydrocarbon and mineral processing industry. In this work, the flow accelerated erosion–corrosion mechanism of 90°, 60°, and 30° long radius horizontal–horizontal (H–H) carbon steel elbows with an inner diameter of 50.8 mm were investigated in an experimental closed-flow loop. For these geometrical configurations, erosion–corrosion was elucidated for erosive slug flow regimes and the extent of material degradation is reported in detail. Qualitative techniques such as multilayer paint modeling and microscopic surface imaging were used to scrutinize the flow accelerated erosion–corrosion mechanism. The 3D roughness characterization of the surface indicates that maximum roughness appears in downstream adjacent to the outlet of the 90° elbow. Microscopic surface imaging of eroded elbow surfaces disseminates the presence of corrosion pits on the exit regions of the 90° and 60° elbows, but erosion scars were formed on the entry regions of the 30° elbow. Surface characterization and mass loss results indicated that changing the elbow geometrical configuration from a small angle to wide angle significantly changed the mechanical wear mechanism of the tested elbows. Moreover, the maximum erosive location was identified at the top of the horizontally-oriented elbow for slug flow.


1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jun ◽  
Wang Fu-Xing ◽  
Cheng Yin-Qian ◽  
Chen Nan-Ping

Cavitation erosion tests of composite coatings based on vacuum fusion sintered cobalt alloy containing tungsten carbide particles were carried out in 30 percent HCl and 50 percent H2SO4 solutions. The technique used included an ultrasonic vibratory apparatus at 30°C, 25μm amplitude and 30 kHz frequency. Weight loss was measured with an analytical balance and the microstructure was observed with SEM. The test results showed that the cavitation erosion resistance of the composite coatings was increased by increasing the tungsten carbide content. The cavitation erosion is mainly caused by removal of the matrix material. The steady-state erosion rates have a linear relationship with the volume fraction of the tungsten carbide phase.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ayu Ratna Permanasari ◽  
Tri Reksa Saputra ◽  
Aprillia Nurul’Aina ◽  
Salma Liska

Peralatan industri dari baja karbon yang berkontak langsung dengan lingkungan lama kelamaan akan terkorosi. Laju korosi dapat diperlambat menggunakan inhibitor organik senyawa tanin dari pohon akasia. Tanin diperoleh dari proses ekstraksi menggunakan metanol dan etanol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan pelarut terbaik dalam proses ekstraksi kulit kayu akasia berdasarkan kandungan tanin terbesar serta mempelajari pengaruh tanin sebagai inhibitor korosi pada baja karbon dalam media korosif melalui metode pengurangan berat. Proses ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi pada suhu ruang selama dua jam dengan perbandingan padatan:pelarut adalah 1:10. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah etanol dan metanol. Ekstrak dievaporasi dalam rotary evaporator pada suhu 50 oC, tekanan 100 mbar hingga membentuk pasta. Ekstrak kulit kayu ditambahkan sebagai inhibitor dalam media korosif H2SO4 0,5 M; HCl 0,5 M; air laut, dan air tanah dengan penambahan konsentrasi inhibitor sebesar 4%, 6% dan 8% (b/v). Perendaman dilakukan selama 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 dan 72 jam. Metanol merupakan pelarut yang lebih baik daripada etanol dengan perolehan yield 4,57% dan konsentrasi tanin sebesar 2,768 ppm. Tanin dalam ekstrak kulit kayu akasia cocok digunakan sebagai inhibitor korosi pada media asam seperti H2SO4 0,5 M dan HCl 0,5 M dengan perolehan efisiensi tertinggi secara berturut-turut adalah 81,20 % dan 53,06%.Carbon steel in industrial equipment which direct contact with the environment will eventually be corroded. The rate of corrosion could be slowed by organic inhibitors of tannin compounds contained from acacia trees. Tannins were obtained from the extraction process using methanol and ethanol. The aims of this research were to determine the best solvent in the extraction process of acacia bark based on the largest tannin content and to study the effect of tannin as a corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel in the corrosive media through weight reduction methods. The extraction process used maceration at room temperature for two hours with a solid:solvent ratio of 1:10. The solvents were ethanol and methanol. The extract was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 50 oC, 100 mbar became a paste form. Bark extract was added as an inhibitor in 0.5 M H2SO4 corrosive media; HCl 0.5 M; sea water, and tap water with the addition of inhibitor concentrations of 4%, 6% and 8% (w /v). Immersion was carried out for 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 and 72 hours. Methanol was a better solvent than ethanol with a yield of 4.57% and tannin concentration of 2.768 ppm. Tannin in acacia bark extract is suitable to be used as a corrosion inhibitor in acidic media such as H2SO4 0.5 M and 0.5 M HCl with the highest efficiency gains are 81.20% and 53.06%, respectively.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1132 ◽  
pp. 349-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Kolawole ◽  
F.O. Kolawole ◽  
O.P. Enegela ◽  
O.O. Adewoye ◽  
A.B.O. Soboyejo ◽  
...  

This paper presents the results of the combined study of experiments and modeling of the pitting corrosion behavior of low carbon steel. The effects of pH are elucidated via experiments on low carbon steel exposed to various corrosive media. The corrosion rates for the steel samples immersed in various corrosive media were determined by polarization experiments via a gamry potentiostat. The microscopic observations of the surfaces reveal clear evidence of corrosion pits that increase in size with increasing exposure duration. The observed pit size distribution and the evolution of pit size are modeled using statistical models. The implications of the results are used for the application of low carbon steels in corrosive environment.


2006 ◽  
Vol 200 (18-19) ◽  
pp. 5370-5378 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Godoy ◽  
R.D. Mancosu ◽  
M.M. Lima ◽  
D. Brandão ◽  
J. Housden ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pasha ◽  
H. M. Ghasemi ◽  
J. Neshati

A slurry impingement rig containing 6 wt.% SiO2 particles was used to investigate synergistic erosion–corrosion behavior of X-65 carbon steel at various impingement angles. Maximum erosion–corrosion and erosion rates occurred at impingement angles of about 25 deg and 40–55 deg, respectively. The synergy value highly depended on the impingement angle. The formation of patches of porous corrosion product followed by the formation of corrosion pits led to a positive synergy under impingement angle of 25 deg. At higher impingement angles, the absence of pits probably due to the formation of a more durable tribocorrosion layer resulted in a negative synergy.


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