Analytical Design of Disk Cams and Three-Dimensional Cams by Independent Position Equations

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Francis H. Raven
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Design ◽  
Design Charts ◽  
Cam Systems

Abstract This paper presents a method for the analytical design of cams, based upon independent position equations. From these equations, one can obtain general expressions for cam parameters such as the cam contour, pressure angle, radius of curvature, etc. This procedure is applicable for cam systems with any type of follower motion. The mathematical directness of this method makes it possible to investigate thoroughly even the most complicated cam situations, e.g., three-dimensional cams. Also, it is shown how design charts and procedures may be developed to facilitate the solution of particular cam design problems.

An Efficient Virtual Cam Design and Manufacturing System for Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 406-411
Author(s):  
Liu Han ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Design ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Nc Simulation ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Cam Profile

A cam design and manufacturing simulation system is developed for education. The system consists of some modules which can be easily extended or updated. In the design module, the profile of disc cam is generated by defining some parameters – rise allowable pressure angle; return allowable pressure angle, the radius of curvature of cam profile etc. And the kinematics analysis of cam is also calculated in this module. Then the profile is transferred into CATIA for generating a three dimensional geometry of the cam, and NC program is generated. Last, the NC program is verified by Yulong NC simulation system.

A Rapid Cam Design and Manufacturing System and its Verification

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 185-190
Author(s):  
Liu Han ◽  
Ping He
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation System ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Design ◽  
Nc Program ◽  
Nc Simulation ◽  
Design And Manufacturing ◽  
Cam Profile

A rapid cam design and manufacturing simulation system is developed. The system consists of some modules which can be easily extended or updated. In the design module, the profile of disc cam is generated by defining some parameters – rise allowable pressure angle, return allowable pressure angle, the radius of curvature of cam profile etc. And the kinematics analysis of cam is also calculated in this module. Then the profile is transferred into Catia for generating a three dimensional geometry of the cam, and NC program is generated. Last, the NC program is verified by Yulong NC simulation system.

Analytical Design of Cam-Type Angular-Motion Compensators

1977 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Dhande ◽  
G. N. Sandor
Keyword(s):  
Principal Curvature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Angular Motion ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Exact Equation ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Profile ◽  
Different Dimensions

In this paper, a unified approach is presented for the analytical design of cams used in various angular-motion compensators. These mechanisms can be classified as cam-modulated linkages. For a predetermined phase control between the two coupled shafts of the compensator, using this method one can find the exact equation of the cam profile, its principal curvature at the point of contact, expressions for the pressure angle and the transmission angles, and the condition for maximum pressure angle as well as the cutter wheel positions for generating the cam profile on an appropriate machine tool. The equations developed can be used effectively for analyzing the mechanical error due to tolerances on different dimensions of this cam-modulated linkage. The analysis of three-dimensional cam-type angular-motion compensators is also included.

Application of Conjugate Cam Design Software Platform in Die Cutting Platen Press Mechanism

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 207-213
Author(s):  
Xiang Dong Shi ◽  
Shao Hua Shen ◽  
Cheng Wen Chai
Keyword(s):  
Small Radius ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Software Platform ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Design ◽  
Design Software ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Design And Manufacture

The design of the conjugate cams was analyzed in this paper, and the calculation process of conjugate cams profile data to meet the pressure angle and the curvature radius was introduced in detail. With VB as the software platform, the curves data of the conjugate cams were designed and calculated, the curves were also displayed on the platform. Base on the designing platform, the motion parameter of the followers, such as displacement, velocity and acceleration, could be achieved and saved in the certain format. The parameterization design and motion analysis were also could be performed to help the designer to find the mistakes, such as the rotation difficulty caused by excessive pressure angle, the motion distortion and overcut during machining caused by small radius of curvature. So the mistakes could be corrected and the product developing cycle could be shortened. The system could accomplish the information transmission and information sharing among the subsystems and enhanced the integration and automation of the conjugate cam design and manufacture. It also could be taken as platform for designing, manufacturing and performance researching of the conjugate cams. Finally, the example of the moving platform die-cutting mechanism in an automatic die-cutting machine verified the usability and effectiveness of the software platform.

A Unified Approach to the Analytical Design of Three-Dimensional Cam Mechanisms

1975 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Dhande ◽  
B. S. Bhadoria ◽  
J. Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Grinding Wheel ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Analytical Design ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Cam Follower ◽  
Cam Profile

The paper presents a unified approach for the analytical design of three-dimensional cam follower systems. Generalized expressions for various cam parameters, such as the equation of the conjugate cam profile, the pressure angle at the point of contact and locations of the cutter and the grinding wheel axes are derived. The effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by applying it to camoids, three-dimensional cylindrical cams with translating and oscillating followers, globoidal cams with oscillating followers and two-dimensional disk cams with translating and oscillating roller followers.

Stiffness Constants for Composite Beams Including Large Initial Twist and Curvature Effects

1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (11S) ◽  
pp. S61-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos E. S. Cesnik ◽  
Dewey H. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Wave Length ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Curvature Effects ◽  
Three Dimensional Representation ◽  
Stiffness Model ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional Elasticity ◽  
Coupling Phenomena

An asymptotically exact methodology, based on geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional elasticity, is presented for cross-sectional analysis of initially curved and twisted, nonhomogeneous, anisotropic beams. Through accounting for all possible deformation in the three-dimensional representation, the analysis correctly accounts for the complex elastic coupling phenomena in anisotropic beams associated with shear deformation. The analysis is subject only to the restrictions that the strain is small relative to unity and that the maximum dimension of the cross section is small relative to the wave length of the deformation and to the minimum radius of curvature and/or twist. The resulting cross-sectional elastic constants exhibit second-order dependence on the initial curvature and twist. As is well known, the associated geometrically-exact, one-dimensional equilibrium and kinematical equations also depend on initial twist and curvature. The corrections to the stiffness model derived herein are also necessary in general for proper representation of initially curved and twisted beams.

Design and Optimization of a Shape Memory Alloy-Based Self-Folding Sheet

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Peraza-Hernandez ◽  
Darren Hartl ◽  
Edgar Galvan ◽  
Richard Malak
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory Alloy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Passive Layer ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Folding Angle ◽  
The Impact

Origami engineering—the practice of creating useful three-dimensional structures through folding and fold-like operations on two-dimensional building-blocks—has the potential to impact several areas of design and manufacturing. In this article, we study a new concept for a self-folding system. It consists of an active, self-morphing laminate that includes two meshes of thermally-actuated shape memory alloy (SMA) wire separated by a compliant passive layer. The goal of this article is to analyze the folding behavior and examine key engineering tradeoffs associated with the proposed system. We consider the impact of several design variables including mesh wire thickness, mesh wire spacing, thickness of the insulating elastomer layer, and heating power. Response parameters of interest include effective folding angle, maximum von Mises stress in the SMA, maximum temperature in the SMA, maximum temperature in the elastomer, and radius of curvature at the fold line. We identify an optimized physical realization for maximizing folding capability under mechanical and thermal failure constraints. Furthermore, we conclude that the proposed self-folding system is capable of achieving folds of significant magnitude (as measured by the effective folding angle) as required to create useful 3D structures.

Improving the Characteristics of Gear Pumps: Part A — Discharge

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. M. El-Bahloul ◽  
Yasser Z. R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Correction Factor ◽  
Helix Angle ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Circular Arc ◽  
Pressure Angle ◽  
Face Width ◽  
Angle Change ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
Gear Pumps

The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of gear geometry on the discharge of gear pumps. We have used gears of circular-arc tooth profile as gear pumps and have compared between these types of gearing and spur, helical gear pumps according to discharge. The chosen module change from 2 to 16 mm, number of teeth change from 8 to 20 teeth, pressure angle change from 10 to 30 deg, face width change from 20 to 120 mm, correction factor change from −1 to 1, helix angle change from 5 to 30 deg, and radii of curvature equal 1.4, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 2.75, and 3m are considered. The authors deduced that the tooth rack profile with radius of curvature equal 2.5, 2.75, 3m for all addendum circular arc tooth and convex-concave tooth profile, and derived equations representing the tooth profile, and calculated the points of intersections between curves of tooth profile. We drive the formulas for the volume of oil between adjacent teeth. Computer program has been prepared to calculate the discharge from the derived formulae with all variables for different types of gear pumps. Curves showing the change of discharge with module, number of teeth, pressure angle, face width, correction factor, helix angle, and radius of curvature are presented. The results show that: 1) The discharge increases with increasing module, number of teeth, positive correction factor, face width and radius of curvature of the tooth. 2) The discharge increases with increasing pressure angle to a certain value and then decreases with increasing pressure angle. 3) The discharge decreases with increasing helix angle. 4) The convex-concave circular-arc gears gives discharge higher than that of alla ddendum circular arc, spur, and helical gear pumps respectively. 5) A curve fitting of the results are done and the following formulae derived for the discharge of involute and circular arc gear pumps respectively: Q=A1bm2z0.895e0.065xe0.0033αe−0.0079βQ=A2bm2z0.91ρ10.669e−0.0047β

Shear-Driven Flow in a Toroid of Square Cross Section

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. C. Humphrey ◽  
J. Cushner ◽  
M. Al-Shannag ◽  
J. Herrero ◽  
F. Giralt
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Finite Length ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transition To Turbulence ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Infinite Length ◽  
Core Flow ◽  
Reynolds Number Flow ◽  
End Wall

The two-dimensional wall-driven flow in a plane rectangular enclosure and the three-dimensional wall-driven flow in a parallelepiped of infinite length are limiting cases of the more general shear-driven flow that can be realized experimentally and modeled numerically in a toroid of rectangular cross section. Present visualization observations and numerical calculations of the shear-driven flow in a toroid of square cross section of characteristic side length D and radius of curvature Rc reveal many of the features displayed by sheared fluids in plane enclosures and in parallelepipeds of infinite as well as finite length. These include: the recirculating core flow and its associated counterrotating corner eddies; above a critical value of the Reynolds (or corresponding Goertler) number, the appearance of Goertler vortices aligned with the recirculating core flow; at higher values of the Reynolds number, flow unsteadiness, and vortex meandering as precursors to more disorganized forms of motion and eventual transition to turbulence. Present calculations also show that, for any fixed location in a toroid, the Goertler vortex passing through that location can alternate its sense of rotation periodically as a function of time, and that this alternation in sign of rotation occurs simultaneously for all the vortices in a toroid. This phenomenon has not been previously reported and, apparently, has not been observed for the wall-driven flow in a finite-length parallelepiped where the sense of rotation of the Goertler vortices is determined and stabilized by the end wall vortices. Unlike the wall-driven flow in a finite-length parallelepiped, the shear-driven flow in a toroid is devoid of contaminating end wall effects. For this reason, and because the toroid geometry allows a continuous variation of the curvature parameter, δ=D/Rc, this flow configuration represents a more general paradigm for fluid mechanics research.

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