Experimental Investigation of Solid Particle Erosion in S-Bend

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quamrul H. Mazumder ◽  
Kawshik Ahmed ◽  
Siwen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Fluid Handling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cause Of Failure

Solid particle erosion is a micromechanical process that removes material from the surface. Erosion is a leading cause of failure in fluid handling equipment such as pumps and pipes. An investigation was conducted using an S-bend geometry with 12.7 mm inside diameter, r/D ratio of 1.5 with three different air velocities and two different particle sizes. This paper presents the preliminary results of an investigation to determine the location of erosion for a wide range of conditions. The experimental results showed the location of maximum erosion at 29–42 deg from the inlet at 45.72 m/s air velocity with 300 μm particle sizes.

Effect of erosive parameters on solid particle erosion of cotton fiber–based nonwoven mat/wooden dust reinforced hybrid polymer composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110642
Author(s):  
Sachin Tejyan
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Impact Velocity ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Polymeric Composites ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Erosion Wear ◽  
Impingement Angle ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
Wide Range

Abrasive particle-induced erosive wear of polymeric engineering components is a major industrial issue. The research of solid particle erosion characteristics of polymeric composites becomes essential due to operational needs in dusty conditions. Nonwovens are now employed in industrial applications for polymeric composites. Nonwoven products are made from a wide range of raw materials, ranging from synthetic to natural fibers. This work finding the effect of nonwoven cotton fiber (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) loading on the physical, mechanical, and erosion wear of fixed wooden dust (4 wt.%) filled hybrid epoxy composites. Experimental results reveal improved impact strength, hardness, and compressive and tensile strength with an increment of fiber loading from 5–15 wt.%. The density of the composites was found to increase, whereas void content decreases with an increase in cotton fiber. The erosion wear of the composites has been studied using an L27 orthogonal array to assess the effects of various parameters such as fiber loading, erodent size, impact velocity, impingement angle, and stand-off distance. The erosion wear increased with impact velocity and remained highest for 60° of impingement angle. The most significant parameter affecting the erosion wear was determined as impact velocity followed by impingement angle. Surface morphologies of eroded samples reveal the fiber pull-out, and fiber breakage was the prominent phenomenon for the erosion wear of the evaluated composites.

Effects of Viscosity, Particle Size, and Particle Shape on Erosion in Gas and Liquid Flows

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risa Okita ◽  
Yongli Zhang ◽  
Brenton S. McLaury ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Edmund F. Rybicki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Velocities ◽  
Liquid Flows

Although solid particle erosion has been examined extensively in the literature for dry gas and vacuum conditions, several parameters affecting solid particle erosion in liquids are not fully understood and need additional investigation. In this investigation, erosion ratios of two materials have been measured in gas and also in liquids with various liquid viscosities and abrasive particle sizes and shapes. Solid particle erosion ratios for aluminum 6061-T6 and 316 stainless steel have been measured for a direct impingement flow condition using a submerged jet geometry, with liquid viscosities of 1, 10, 25, and 50 cP. Sharp and rounded sand particles with average sizes of 20, 150, and 300 μm, as well as spherical glass beads with average sizes of 50, 150 and 350 μm, were used as abrasives. To make comparisons of erosion in gas and liquids, erosion ratios of the same materials in air were measured for sands and glass beads with the particle sizes of 150 and 300 μm. Based on these erosion measurements in gas and liquids, several important observations were made: (1) Particle size did not affect the erosion magnitude for gas while it did for viscous liquids. (2) Although aluminum and stainless steel have significant differences in hardness and material characteristics, the mass losses of these materials were nearly the same for the same mass of impacting particles in both liquid and gas. (3) The most important observation from these erosion tests is that the shape of the particles did not significantly affect the trend of erosion results as liquid viscosity varied. This has an important implication on particle trajectory modeling where it is generally assumed that particles are spherical in shape. Additionally, the particle velocities measured with the Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) near the wall were incorporated into the erosion equations to predict the erosion ratio in liquid for each test condition. The calculated erosion ratios are compared to the measured erosion ratios for the liquid case. The calculated results agree with the trend of the experimental data.

A Combined CFD-Mechanistic Approach for Predicting Solid Particle Erosion in Annular Flow in Pipe Fittings and Elbows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzin Darihaki ◽  
Elham Fallah Shojaie ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract In internal flows, solid particles carried by the fluid could damage pipelines and fittings. Particles that are entrained in the fluid can cross streamlines and transfer a part of their momentum to the internal surface by impacts and cause local wall material degradation. Over the past decades, a wide range of models is introduced to predict particle erosion which includes empirical models, mechanistic models, and CFD which is currently the state-of-art numerical approach to simulate the erosion process. Multiphase flow under annular flow conditions adds to the complexity of the model. Although with the current computational capabilities transient CFD models are effectively applicable, this type of transient multiphase approach is not practical yet for engineering prediction of erosion especially for the large diameter applications with huge computational domains. Therefore, the presented combined approach could be utilized to obtain erosion rates for large diameter cases. Thus, an approach combining CFD and mechanistic multiphase models characterizing annular flow is developed to predict solid particle erosion. Different factors including film thickness in pipes and fittings which are affecting erosion under gas-dominated multiphase flow conditions are investigated. The results from the current approach are compared to experimental data and transient CFD simulations for annular flow in elbows showing a very good agreement with both.

Investigation of Particle Size Effects on Solid Particle Erosion of Elbows in Series for Liquid-Solid Flows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwanthraj Rajkumar ◽  
Soroor Karimi ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Size Effects ◽  
In Series

Abstract The entrainment of solid particles within the produced fluids can cause solid particle erosion by impacting the piping of production and transportation facilities. Liquid dominated flows are commonly encountered in deep water subsea pipelines while producing oil and gas fluids. It is of great importance to predict the erosion pattern and magnitude for elbows in series in liquid-solid flows as in the oil and gas productions, liquids tends to produce more solid particles compared to gas-solid flows. In the current work, erosion of elbows in series for different particle sizes are investigated by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and compare the erosion pattern results with the results of paint removal experiments using a 76.2 mm diameter acrylic elbows, qualitatively. CFD simulations have been performed to study the particle size effects on erosion using Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM) and Low-Reynolds number K-ε model. Grid refinement studies have been performed and particles are rebounded at the particle radius to accurately examine the effects of particle sizes on solid particle erosion of these elbows. The CFD results shows that significant erosion is observed at the inner wall of the first elbow for larger particles, and the maximum erosion can be seen towards the end of the second elbow for 300 μm particle size.

Particle Size and Concentration Effects on Solid Particle Erosion With PIV Measurements of Particle Velocities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeshwanth R. Rajkumar ◽  
Siamack A. Shirazi ◽  
Soroor Karimi
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Particle Flow ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Concentration Effects ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Particle Velocities

Abstract Solid particle erosion is one of the most commonly encountered problems faced by the oil and gas industries during production and transportation processes. The severity of solid particle erosion is affected by multitude of factors such as particle properties, fluid flow properties and flow geometry, flow regime, and target material properties. The present work investigates the effect of particle size on solid particle erosion in gas flows. Sharp quartz particles with nominal sizes of 75, 150, 300 and 600 μm are used in this work. Particle Image Velocimeter (PIV) is used to measure the particles velocities distributions for various particle flow rates. An average particle velocity of 24 m/s is used to conduct erosion experiments for various particle sizes and two particle rates on Stainless Steel 316 at two different impact angles of 15 and 90 degrees. Comparison of measurements for two particle flow rates of approximately 0.02% and 0.002% by volumes demonstrates that increased particle flow rate can affect the carrier fluid’s flow field and change particle velocities within the carrying fluid. In the erosion experiments, the magnitude of erosion ratio increases as there is an increase in particle size. A preliminary erosion model is developed that can be used in CFD simulations of solid particle erosion for various particle sizes.

Prediction and Simulation of Erosion Wear Behavior of Glass-Epoxy Composites Filled with Blast Furnace Slag

2012 ◽  
Vol 585 ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanta Kumar Padhi ◽  
Alok Satapathy
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Furnace Slag

Solid particle erosion (SPE) wear characteristics of particulate filled polymer matrix composites have been widely explored by different investigators. Through judicious control of reinforcing solid particulate phase, selection of matrix and suitable processing technique, composites can be prepared to tailor the properties needed for any specific application. Due to high cost of conventional ceramic fillers, it has become important to explore the potential of cheap materials like mineral ores and industrial wastes for utilization in preparing particle-reinforced polymer composites. Previous researchers have reported the use of industrial wastes such as fly ash and red mud as filler materials in polymeric matrices. But the reinforcing potential of blast furnace slag (BFS) particle, a solid waste generated from pig iron production route, has not been explored so far in polymeric materials. In this work, composite samples are prepared by reinforcing micro-sized blast furnace slag as the particulate filler in epoxy resin reinforced with bi-directional glass fibre. Different specimens with varied BFS content (0, 10, 20 and 30 wt %) are fabricated by simple hand lay-up technique. They are subjected to solid particle erosion using an air jet type erosion test rig. Erosion tests are carried out by following a well designed experimental schedule based on Taguchi’s orthogonal array. Here, factors like BFS content, impact velocity, erodent temperature and impingement angle in declining sequence are found to be significant to minimize the erosion rate. A prediction model based on artificial neural network is proposed to predict the erosion performance of the composites under a wide range of erosive wear conditions. This model is based on the database obtained from the experiments and involves training, testing and prediction protocols. This work shows that an ANN model helps in saving time and resources that are required for a large number of experimental trials and successfully predicts the erosion rate of composites both within and beyond the experimental domain.

Numerical Prediction of Solid Particle Erosion for Elbows Mounted in Series

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic N. Felten
Keyword(s):  
Solid Particle ◽  
Volume Concentration ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Solid Particle Erosion ◽  
Surface Erosion ◽  
Particle Erosion ◽  
In Series ◽  
The Impact

Erosive wear due to solid-particle impact is a complex phenomenon where different parameters are responsible for causing material removal from the metal surface. Some of the most critical parameters regarding the solid particles are the size, density, roundness, and volume concentration. The properties of the carrying fluid (density, dynamic viscosity, bulk modulus…), the geometry of the flow path (straight or deviated), and the surface material properties are also major contributors to the overall severity of the solid-particle erosion process. The intent of this paper is to focus on the impact of the flow path geometry on surface erosion for a specific carrier fluid, flow rate, sand type and sand-volume concentration. A numerical approach using the commercial CFD code FLUENT is applied to investigate the solid particle erosion in two 90° pipe elbows mounted in series. The distance between the two elbows is varied, as is the angle between them. A total of 16 cases are analyzed numerically. The relationships between the parameters pertinent to the two elbows and the erosion pattern, erosion intensity, and location of maximum erosion are presented. Prior to the analyses for the two elbows mounted in series, an in-depth validation effort for a single elbow geometry is undertaken to determine the appropriate mesh requirement, turbulence model, and to calibrate the inputs to the erosion model.

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