Development of Experimental Instrumentation for Measurement of Advection in Narrow Aperture in Granite Block

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Kotowsk ◽  
Tomáš Černoušek ◽  
Filip Jankovský ◽  
Pavel Kůs ◽  
Petr Polívka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractured Rock ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Geological Repository ◽  
Ideal Tool ◽  
Full Volume

A granite block, acquired from a quarry Panská Dubenka located in the Czech Republic and used in presented experiments, is part of the same bedrock that can be potentially used for a deep geological repository. It is important to characterize advection in fractured rock to assess possible groundwater contamination. Newly used method—three-dimensional scanning using Hexagon Romer Arm was implemented to characterize the morphology of an examined fractured block with a aperture. The scanning technology provides the possibility to digitalize the rock surface. The scanning can be also used to determine any changes in the rock surface. The block was instrumented by tubing, and the aperture was sealed using a silicone. Flow paths were investigated by the comparison of fluid weights on the outlet on every output/site. The Hexagon Romer Arm is an ideal tool for the precise determination of a aperture's width in its full volume.

Multi-criteria site assessment process for candidate deep geological repository sites: Case study from the Czech Republic 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Vondrovic ◽  
Jaromir Augusta ◽  
Antonin Vokal ◽  
Katerina Konopacova ◽  
Eva Popelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Deep Geological Repository ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Site Assessment ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Geological Repository

<p>The future deep geological repository for radioactive waste in the Czech Republic will be constructed in a suitable crystalline rock mass around 500 metres below the earth’s surface. The commencement of operation is planned for 2065. The current DGR development phase is devoted principally to the determination of the optimum disposal concept and the selection of the most suitable site. A total of nine potential sites have been assessed with the aim of reducing their number to four.</p><p>The data set subjected to assessment included site descriptions from the geological point of view (3D geological and hydrogeological model), and long-term site stability (seismotectonic, climate and erosion) and geomechanical data. A further assessed dataset included information on construction issues and on the evaluation of both environmental characteristics and the presence of groundwater resources. All the assessed characteristics were derived from surface-based exploration without the need for borehole drilling.</p><p>The key criteria reflected the three main areas of concern i.e. long-term and operational safety (including geological and hydrogeological indicators), technical feasibility and environmental impacts. The assessment of the sites was performed in two stages. The first stage involved the assessment of the probability of fulfilling the exclusion criteria (total 26), while the second stage involved the mutual comparison of the sites in terms of the defined key criteria (total of 13, divided into 38 indicators). The second stage involved the determination of weightings for the various criteria and indicators via the application of the SAATY method for the expert comparison of the significance of criteria. This method distinguished between relatively strongly weighted and less weighted criteria. The sites were graded with respect to the value estimation of the criteria; moreover, the grading of the sites considered various types of data.</p><p>A total of eight calculations were performed for five scenarios using various procedures for the estimation of the weightings and for data normalisation purposes. The first assessment stage indicated that all the sites fulfilled the DGR site assessment methodology requirements. The second stage, which comprised the assessment of the comparison of the site calculations (assessment grades) for each of the sites, was based on the levels of significance of the indicators and criteria and the resulting representative values for each site. The results of the subsequent comparison calculations indicated that the same four sites always occupied the first four positions with only minor variations in the order. The differences in the gradings of the four most suitable sites and the four relatively less suitable five sites ranged between 11% and 17.8% (between the fourth and fifth sites), which convincingly differentiated between the two groups of sites. One site was always in last position according to the calculations. In compliance with the assessment results, the four  sites were subsequently recommended to the Government of the Czech Republic for further follow-up research and analysis. Those sites that were not recommended for the next stage of research will continue to be considered as reserve (i.e. backup) sites.</p>

MODIFIED STEREOLOGICAL METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF COMPOUND LEAVES AND AN EXAMPLE OF ITS APPLICATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANA ZORIĆ ◽  
JADRANKA LUKOVIĆ ◽  
SNEŽANA MATIĆ-KEKIĆ ◽  
LJILJANA MERKULOV
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Separate Determination ◽  
Stereological Method ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Sampling Procedures

Stereology, an interdisciplinary field that enables three-dimensional interpretation of planar sections, contains several methods for evaluation of quantitative parameters. The existing leaf sampling procedures were modified and adapted for compound, trifoliate leaves. The similar sampling method could also be applied on other types of compound leaves. Using Trifolium species as model species, we suggested the new way of application of this method in agronomy — precise determination of volume densities of indigestible lignified tissues (which determines forage digestibility), and of chlorenchyma and intercellulars (important for the photosynthesis). Comparison of the results obtained by classic anatomical analysis of leaf cross sections with the results of stereological analysis showed that both methods could be successfully applied for analysis of compact tissues (epidermis, vascular and mechanical). For the tissues that contained intercellulars (palisade and spongy), stereological method gave more precise results, as it enabled separate determination of volume density of intercellulars. A further advantage is that several leaf segments are analyzed and observed from four different angles. The obtained results opened new possibilities of application of stereological method in botanical and agricultural research, especially in prediction of digestibility and nutritional value of forages.

scholarly journals PRECISE DETERMINATION OF THE CONDUCTIVITY EXPONENT OF 3D PERCOLATION USING "PERCOLA"

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (06) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEAN-MARIE NORMAND ◽  
HANS J. HERRMANN
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Bond Percolation ◽  
Cpu Time ◽  
A Value ◽  
Correction To Scaling ◽  
Purpose Computer ◽  
Special Purpose Computer

Using 20 months of CPU time on our special purpose computer "Percola" we determined the exponent for the normal conductivity at the threshold of three-dimensional site and bond percolation. The extrapolation analysis taking into account the first correction to scaling gives a value of t/ν = 2.26±0.04 and a correction exponent ω around 1.4.

scholarly journals Crystalline tubes of myosin subfragment-2 showing the coiled-coil and molecular interaction geometry.

1987 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Quinlan ◽  
M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Coiled Coil ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Coiled Coils ◽  
Crystalline Lattice ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Myosin Subfragment

We have produced crystalline tubes of chicken breast myosin long subfragment-2 that show order to resolutions better than 2 nm. The tubes were formed from a thin sheet in which the myosin long subfragment-2 molecules were arranged on an approximately rectangular crystalline lattice with a = 14.1 +/- 0.2 nm and b = 3.9 +/- 0.1 nm in projection. Shadowing indicated that the tube wall was approximately 7 nm thick and that the sheets from which it was formed followed a right-handed helix. Superposition of the lattices from the top and bottom of the tube produced a moire pattern in negatively stained material, but images of single sheets were easily obtained by computer image processing. Although several molecules were superimposed perpendicular to the plane of the sheet, the modulation in density due to the coiled-coil envelope was clear, indicating that the coiled-coils in these molecules were in register (or staggered by an even number of quarter pitches). In projection the coiled-coil had an apparent pitch of 14.1 nm (the axial repeat of the unit cell), but the small number of molecules (probably four) superimposed perpendicular to the plane of the sheet meant that pitches within approximately 1 nm of this value could have shown a modulation. Therefore, a more precise determination of the coiled-coil pitch must await determination of the sheet's three-dimensional structure. The coiled-coils of adjacent molecules within the plane of the sheet were staggered by an odd number of quarter pitches. This arrangement was similar to that between paramyosin molecules in molluscan thick filaments and may have features in common with other coiled-coil protein assemblies, such as intermediate filaments. Each molecule in the crystal had two types of neighbor: one staggered by an odd number of quarter pitches and the other by an even number of quarter pitches, as has been proposed for the general packing of coiled-coils (Longley, W., 1975, J. Mol. Biol., 93:111-115). We propose a model for the detailed packing within the sheet whereby molecules are inclined slightly to the plane of the sheet so that its thickness is determined by the molecular length.

Calibration in three dimensions: optimizing a two-parameter calibration technique to extend the range of an immunoturbidimetric urinary albumin assay into antigen excess

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Tillyer
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Parameter Calibration ◽  
General Technique ◽  
Sensitivity Curves ◽  
Two Parameter

Abstract I describe a general technique, called "two-parameter calibration," which allows precise determination of analyte from non-monotonic calibration plots and the calibration of immunoturbidimetric assays in antigen excess. Using three-dimensional calibration plots and relative-sensitivity curves, two optimal parameters may be selected from a number of possible options by using criteria presented here. Choosing two different values of delta At1-t2, the change in absorbance from time t1 to t2--as the reaction parameters in an immunoturbidimetric assay for albumin, I have optimized the choice of time interval for two-parameter calibration and extended the working range of the assay by three- to fourfold. The albumin assay shows excellent agreement of observed and expected values (r = 0.996) and also with results of a routine kinetic dye-binding method used on diluted plasma samples (r = 0.970).

scholarly journals Order–disorder transition in monoclinic sulfur: a precise structural study by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction

2006 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. I. F. David ◽  
R. M. Ibberson ◽  
S. F. J. Cox ◽  
P. T. Wood
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Neutron Powder Diffraction ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disorder Transition ◽  
Geometrically Constrained

High-resolution neutron powder diffraction has been used in order to characterize the order–disorder transition in monoclinic cyclo-octasulphur. Rapid data collection and the novel use of geometrically constrained refinements has enabled a direct and precise determination of the order parameter, based on molecular site occupancies, to be made. The transition is critical and continuous; with a transition temperature, Tc = 198.4 (3) K, and a critical exponent, β = 0.28 (3), which is indicative of three-dimensional ordering. Difficulties encountered as a consequence of the low thermal conductivity of the sample are discussed.

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