The Intersection of Advancing Technology and Human Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Today's sensory and processing technologies are perceptive and precise. They can discern the environment, solve complicated problems, make assessments, and learn from experience. Although they do not think the way humans do, they can replicate many human intellectual aptitudes. Throughout the last several decades, companies have implemented advanced technology and increasingly removed the human from many aspects of nuclear operation. There are many advantages to this transition, but, like any system modification, failures inevitably manifest. In the instance of this article, human errors have resulted and have accounted for several accidents at nuclear facilities in the United States due to this transition. The accidents at these facilities due to human error often result in plant shutdowns, unnecessary expenses, and have the capacity to be problematic for people, the facilities, and environments. This article explores the context surrounding the complexity of changing technologies at the nuclear facilities and the potential exacerbation of problems caused by human error when technology advancements concerning operator interaction with control systems are implemented. To understand the complexity surrounding the human interaction with advancing technologies, the concepts of human performance and human factors are examined and then the impact of these concepts within the framework of advancing technology are applied to the operation of nuclear facilities. This review draws attention to the vulnerabilities due to human error at nuclear facilities within the context of continually advancing technology and sheds insight on the role human performance and human factors have on system design and the resulting outcome.

Human Error in Health Care Delivery: Cases, Causes and Correction

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 846-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold P. Van Cott
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Health Care Delivery ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Improve Reliability ◽  
Intensive System

Health care delivery is viewed as a complex, people-intensive system whose reliability depends on human performance. Examples of the human errors that occur in health care are described, and human factors interventions and remedies that might be taken to improve reliability and safety are suggested.

scholarly journals Safety Accidents at the Workplace

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
And Control

Human factors is an important aspect to consider when designing a safe and healthy workplace. Human errors are usually outcomes of long chains of events, and preventing human error at work calls for preventive actions or safety–related measures that include the human factors in order for it to be effective. Human factors are addressed with regard to safety and health with the goal to optimise human performance and minimise human failures. Accident causation is a very complex phenomenon and need to be understood adequately with the purpose of improving workplace safety. Based on the Swiss Cheese Theory, human error is studied in this paper. Objectives: To study how human errors are involved in safety–related accidents at the workplace; and to study how human factors can be integrate in accident prevention. Methodology: A qualitative study using document analysis method. Results and discussion: Conclusion: workers’ individual attributes may also be the source of accidents. People tend to make a lower risk estimation of their own job compare with other jobs; and underestimated the risks within their own job. The availability of information relevant to the hazard, risk estimations, types of exposure, and control measures are useful in helping people to understand risks better.

Challenges towards Design Review due to Cultural and Human Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Brehm ◽  
Robert Hertle ◽  
Alastair Soane
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Design Review ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Cultural Challenges ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

<p>Design review has proven effective to avoid human errors in the design process. Since human error is the major cause for structural collapse [1], most countries have implemented procedures for design review in their building legislation. These systems represent the lived building culture in each state and thus work differently. Within the European harmonization process, challenges regarding the integration of different building cultures</p><p>have been discovered. These cultural challenges affect structural safety in a wide array of topics, e.g. technical</p><p>approval of building products.</p><p>In this paper, the effect of differences in the building culture and the way they affect structural safety will be investigated. Furthermore, the effect on the individual due to human factors will be examined and assessed. The goal is to provide a better understanding of the impact of cultural differences on the design review procedure and on the individual.</p>

Proactive Human Error Reduction Using the Systems Engineering Process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Engineering Process ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Many existing simple systems are incapable of meeting current demand and are quickly becoming obsolete, indicating that more challenging systems and designs will exist in the future. If new technologies are not implemented correctly, human error in operation can quickly manifest. The pattern of human performance degradation when novel technologies are introduced has been found in a wide range of endeavors. For example, the Three Mile Island nuclear accident was a consequence of unanticipated interaction of multiple failures in a system of immense complexity in addition to inadequate training and human factors, such as human-computer interaction design oversight relating to ambiguous control room indicators. To combat the negative effects advancing technologies may have on plant operations, this study discusses several concepts: operator involvement in the systems engineering process; human performance integration with system operational requirements and system testing, evaluation, and validation; and procedures and training development in the systems engineering process. The isolation and bolstering of human performance improvement within the systems engineering process pose a novel approach to moderating human error associated with incorporating advanced technology in nuclear facilities.

scholarly journals THE FUTURE OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT – VERY LARGE AIRCRAFT AND OUT KEY HUMAN FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION AND SAFETY OF PASSENGER AIR TRANSPORT

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Petra Skolilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

The article outlines some human factors affecting the operation and safety of passenger air transport given the massive increase in the use of the VLA. Decrease of the impact of the CO2 world emissions is one of the key goals for the new aircraft design. The main wave is going to reduce the burned fuel. Therefore, the eco-efficiency engines combined with reasonable economic operation of the aircraft are very important from an aviation perspective. The prediction for the year 2030 says that about 90% of people, which will use long-haul flights to fly between big cities. So, the A380 was designed exactly for this time period, with a focus on the right capacity, right operating cost and right fuel burn per seat. There is no aircraft today with better fuel burn combined with eco-efficiency per seat, than the A380. The very large aircrafts (VLAs) are the future of the commercial passenger aviation. Operating cost versus safety or CO2 emissions versus increasing automation inside the new generation aircraft. Almost 80% of the world aircraft accidents are caused by human error based on wrong action, reaction or final decision of pilots, the catastrophic failures of aircraft systems, or air traffic control errors are not so frequent. So, we are at the beginning of a new age in passenger aviation and the role of the human factor is more important than ever.

Assessing Human Reliability Behaviour from Use of Technology for Ships Navigating within Coastal Water

2015 ◽  
pp. 1141-1153
Author(s):  
Oladokun Sulaiman Olanrewaju
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Coastal Water ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Performance Shaping Factors ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Guidelines And Standards

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime field involves the analysis of accidents without considering human factor reliability analysis. The main approaches being used to analyze human errors are statistical approach and probability theory approach. Another suitable approach to the study of human factors in the maritime industry is the quasi-experimental field study where variations in performance (for example attention) can be observed as a function of natural variations in performance shaping factors. This chapter analyzes result of modelling for human error and human reliability emanating from the use of technology on board ship navigation in coastal water areas by using qualitative and quantitative tools. Accident reports from marine department are used as empirical material for quantitative analysis. The literature on safety is based on common themes of accidents, the influence of human error resulting from technology usage design, accident reports from MAIB, and interventions information are used for qualitative assessment. Human reliability assessment involves analysis of accidents in waterways emanating from human-technology factors. The chapter reports enhancement requirement of the methodological issues with previous research study, monitoring, and deduces recommendations for technology modification of the human factors necessary to improve maritime safety performance. The result presented can contribute to rule making and safety management leading to the development of guidelines and standards for human reliability risk management for ships navigating within inland and coastal waters.

scholarly journals Human factors challenges for the safe use of artificial intelligence in patient care

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. e100081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sujan ◽  
Dominic Furniss ◽  
Kath Grundy ◽  
Howard Grundy ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Factors Research

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in patient care can offer significant benefits. However, there is a lack of independent evaluation considering AI in use. The paper argues that consideration should be given to how AI will be incorporated into clinical processes and services. Human factors challenges that are likely to arise at this level include cognitive aspects (automation bias and human performance), handover and communication between clinicians and AI systems, situation awareness and the impact on the interaction with patients. Human factors research should accompany the development of AI from the outset.

scholarly journals Quality and Safety of Minimally Invasive Surgery: Past, Present, and Future

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. BECB.S10967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernadette McCrory ◽  
Chad A. LaGrange ◽  
M.S. Hallbeck
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Surgical Errors ◽  
The Impact

Adverse events because of medical errors are a leading cause of death in the United States (US) exceeding the mortality rates of motor vehicle accidents, breast cancer, and AIDS. Improvements can and should be made to reduce the rates of preventable surgical errors because they account for nearly half of all adverse events within hospitals. Although minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has proven patient benefits such as reduced postoperative pain and hospital stay, its operative environment imposes substantial physical and cognitive strain on the surgeon increasing the risk of error. To mitigate errors and protect patients, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to improve MIS. Clinical human factors, and biomedical engineering principles and methodologies can be used to develop and assess laparoscopic surgery instrumentation, practices, and procedures. First, the foundational understanding and the imperative to transform health care into a high-quality and safe system is discussed. Next, a generalized perspective is presented on the impact of the design and redesign of surgical technologies and processes on human performance. Finally, the future of this field and the research needed to further improve the quality and safety of MIS is discussed.

Apply Performance Evaluation Matrix on Investigating Human Error Events in the Main Control Room

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chung Yenn ◽  
Yung-Tsan Jou ◽  
Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽  
Wan-Shan Tsai ◽  
Tsung-Ling Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Wrong Decision ◽  
Evaluation Matrix

Digitalized nuclear instruments and control systems have become the main stream design for the main control room (MCR) of advanced nuclear power plants (NPPs) nowadays. Digital human-system interface (HSI) could improve human performance and, on the other hand, could reduce operators’ situation awareness as well. It might cause humans making wrong decision during an emergency unintentionally. Besides, digital HSI relies on computers to integrate system information automatically instead of human operation. It has changed the operator’s role from mainly relating operational activity to mainly relating monitoring. However, if operators omit or misjudge the information on the video display units or wide display panel, the error of omission and error of commission may occur. Therefore, how to avoid and prevent human errors has become a very imperative and important issue in the nuclear safety field. This study applies Performance Evaluation Matrix to explore the potential human errors problems of the MCR. The results show that the potential problems which would probably affect to the human performance of the MCR in advanced NPPs are multiple accidents, pressure level, number of operators, and other factors such as working environmental.

scholarly journals IEEE Human Factors Standards for Nuclear Facilities: The Development Process, Available Standards, Current Activities, and the Future

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-591
Author(s):  
David R Desaulniers ◽  
Stephen Fleger
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Control

Since 1980 the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has supported development of human factors (HF) standards. Within IEEE, Subcommittee 5 (SC5) of the Nuclear Power Engineering Committee develops and maintains HF standards applicable to nuclear facilities. These standards are structured in a hierarchical fashion. The top-level standard (IEEE Std. 1023) defines the HF tasks required to support the integration of human performance into the design process. Five lower tier documents (IEEE Std. 845, 1082, 1289, 1786 and 1707) expand upon the upper tier standard. Presently, two new HF standards projects are underway; one to provide HF guidance for the validation of the system interface design and integrated systems operation and another for designing and developing computer-based displays for monitoring and control of nuclear facilities. SC5 is also involved in outreach activities, including sponsorship of a series of conferences on human factors and nuclear power plants.

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