Design of bionic foldable wing mimicking the hind wings of the C. buqueti bamboo weevil

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Ce Guo ◽  
Yaopeng Ma ◽  
Yu Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hind Wing ◽  
Linkage Mechanism ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
Coupling Dynamics ◽  
Stiffness Characteristics ◽  
Cyrtotrachelus Buqueti ◽  
Wing Folding

Abstract The bamboo weevil, Cyrtotrachelus buqueti, has excellent flight ability and strong environmental adaptability. When it flies, its fore wings and hind wings are unfolded, whereas when it crawls, its fore wings are closed, and its flexible hind wings are regularly folded under the fore wings. In this paper, the hind wing folding/unfolding pattern of C. buqueti is analyzed and a new bionic foldable wing with rigid–flexible coupling consisting of a link mechanism and a wing membrane is constructed. The movement of the link at the wing base mimics the contraction of a muscle in the thorax that triggers scissor-like motion and the deployment of the veins. Elastic hinges are used to mimic the rotational motion of the wing base and the vein joints. The static/dynamic characteristics of bionic foldable wings are further analyzed, and the LS-DYNA software is used to investigate rigid–flexible coupling dynamics. The elastic deformation of the wing membrane, kinematic characteristics of the linkage mechanism, and modes of the whole system are calculated. Static analysis of the structure reveals that the foldable wing has excellent stiffness characteristics and load-bearing capacity. The bionic foldable wing is constructed using 3D printing technology, and its folding and unfolding performance is tested. Evaluation of its performance shows that the bionic wing has a large fold ratio and can achieve stable folding and unfolding motions. A slightly tighter assembly between the pin and the hinge hole ensures that the wing does not fold back during flapping.

Wing Folding in Lepidoptera

1964 ◽  
Vol 96 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 148-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Sharplin
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Anterior Margin ◽  
Effective Length ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
Binocular Microscope ◽  
Axillary Sclerites ◽  
Median Plate ◽  
Micrometer Eyepiece ◽  
Wing Folding

The wing folding mechanism was investigated after a detailed study of the wing base morphology had been made (Sharplin, Canad. Ent. 95: 1024; 1121). Living moths were observed with a binocular microscope equipped with a micrometer eyepiece.The first and second axillary sclerites do not move anteroposteriorly; only the distal half of the wing base is involved in wing folding. The folding muscle originates on the pleural ridge and inserts on the third axillary sclerite. The movement of the third axillary is communicated to the bases of the anterior veins through the median plates. The radial plate rotates around the ventral second axillary sclerite which lies underneath the radial bridge at point p, (Fig. 1). Bending cuticle allows the radial bridge to buckle when the wing is folded. The first median plate ( Ml ) rotates about its articulation ( f ) with the dorsal second axillary sclerite. The distal median plate (M2) passes underneath the second cubitus and is fused to the radius. This connection to the radius restricts the backward movement of the second median plate so that point e instead of following the wider arc eg of a circle with its centre at f, must follow the arc cegd drawn about pivot p. The median plates are bent upwards during wing folding and their effective length is shortened so that they can follow the shallow arc epg. When point e is in position g the posterior margin of the median plates is straight, although the anterior margin remains arched causing the median plates to be buckled, (Fig. 2).

EVOLUTION OF THE HIND WING IN COLEOPTERA

1993 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Kukalová-Peck ◽  
John F. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Wing Vein ◽  
Folding Mechanism ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Wing Veins ◽  
Phylogenetic Scheme ◽  
Wing Folding

AbstractA survey is made of the major features of the venation, articulation, and folding in the hind wings of Coleoptera. The documentation is based upon examination of 108 Coleoptera families and 200 specimens, and shown in 101 published figures. Wing veins and articular sclerites are homologized with elements of the neopteran wing groundplan, resulting in wing vein terminology that differs substantially from that generally used by coleopterists. We tabulate the differences between currently used venational nomenclature and the all-pterygote homologous symbols. The use of the neopteran groundplan, combined with the knowledge of the way in which veins evolved, provides many strong characters linked to the early evolutionary radiation of Coleoptera. The order originated with the development of the apical folding of the hind wings under the elytra executed by the radial and medial loop. The loops, which are very complex venational structures, further diversified in four distinctly different ways which mark the highest (suborder) taxa. The remaining venation and the wing articulation have changed with the loops, which formed additional synapomorphies and autapomorphies at the suborder, superfamily, and sometimes even family and tribe levels. Relationships among the four currently recognized suborders of Coleoptera are reexamined using hind wing characters. The number of wing-related apomorphies are 16 in Coleoptera, seven in Archostemata + Adephaga–Myxophaga, four in Adephaga–Myxophaga, seven in Myxophaga, nine in Archostemata, and five in Polyphaga. The following phylogenetic scheme is suggested: Polyphaga [Archostemata (Adephaga + Myxophaga)]. Venational evidence is given to define two major lineages (the hydrophiloid and the eucinetoid) within the suborder Polyphaga. The unique apical wing folding mechanism of beetles is described. Derived types of wing folding are discussed, based mainly on a survey of recent literature. A sister group relationship between Coleoptera and Strepsiptera is supported by hind wing evidence.

Rigid-Flexible Coupling Dynamics of a Flexible Robot with Impact

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chen Duan ◽  
Ding Guo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Impact Force ◽  
Lagrange Equation ◽  
Nonlinear Damping ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Flexible Robot ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
Coupling Dynamics ◽  
Coupling Dynamic ◽  
Flexible Deformation ◽  
The Impact

The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of a radially rotating flexible beam with impact is investigated in this paper. The transversal deformation and nonlinear coupled deformation, which means the longitudinal shortening caused by transversal deformation, is considered here. The impact force is calculated based on Hertz contact theory and nonlinear damping theory. By introducing the concept of impact potential energy, the system’s rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations with impact is obtained by using Lagrange equation. The dynamic simulation is given to validate the method presented here, and get some dynamic response, such as impact force and flexible deformation.

scholarly journals Rigid-flexible coupling dynamics simulation of planetary gear transmission based on MFBD

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 5668-5678
Author(s):  
Chiyu Hao ◽  
Guangbin Feng ◽  
Huagang Sun ◽  
Haiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Gear Transmission ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Flexible Coupling ◽  
Coupling Dynamics

scholarly journals Capacity for heat absorption by the wings of the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaijian Liao ◽  
Ting Du ◽  
Yuqi Zhang ◽  
Lei Shi ◽  
Xiyu Huai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fore Wing ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Hind Wing ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Optimal Angle ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
Thoracic Temperature ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
High Intensity Light

Butterflies can directly absorb heat from the sun via their wings to facilitate autonomous flight. However, how is the heat absorbed by the butterfly from sunlight stored and transmitted in the wing? The scientifc question remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we measured the thoracic temperature in the butterfly Tirumala limniace (Cramer) at different light intensities and wing opening angles, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with only one right fore wing or one right hind wing, the spectral reflectance of the wing surfaces, the thoracic temperature of butterflies with the scales removed or not in light or dark areas, and the real-time changes in heat absorption by the wing surfaces with temperature. High intensity light (600–60000 lx) allowed the butterflies to absorb more heat and 60−90° was the optimal angle for heat absorption. The heat absorption capacity was stronger in the fore wings than the hind wings. Dark areas on the wing surfaces were heat absorption areas. The dark areas in the mid-posterior near the wing base of wing cells A-Cu3 and Cu2-Cu3 on the fore wing, and wing cells 1A-Cu2, Cu1-Cu2, M3-Cu1, and R2-M1 on the hind wing were heat storage areas. Heat was transferred from the heat storage areas to the wing base through veins Cu2, Cu3, Cu, and A in the fore wing, and veins 1A, Cu2, Cu1, Cu, M1, M3, M, R2, and R in the hind wing.

scholarly journals The second axillary in Hymenoptera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Mikó ◽  
Andy R Deans
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Wing Membrane ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Wing Base ◽  
Visualization Techniques

The wing base of basal hymenopterans (Insecta) have never been properly described perhaps due to the difficulties of its visualization and understanding the 3D relationships between wing base components. Novel 3D visualization techniques such as microCT and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) allow us to provide easily digestible morphological data. The wing base of four basal Hymenoptera and 10 apocritan species have been imaged with CLSM and dissected under a stereomicroscope. The second axillary is composed of two sclerites (on on the dorsal wing membrane and one on the ventral in Macroxyela, Xyela and Athalia whereas it is represented by a single sclerite traversing the wing in other Hymenoptera. Consequences related to this observation as well are drawn and future directions in Hymenoptera wing base studies are provided.

Structure, innervation, and distribution of sensilla on the wings of a grasshopper

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1542-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Albert ◽  
R. Y. Zacharuk ◽  
L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hind Wing ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Campaniform Sensilla ◽  
Melanoplus Sanguinipes ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Number Distribution ◽  
Wing Folding

The upper surfaces of the wings of the adult grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes bear long, medium, short, and minute innervated trichoid hairs, and campaniform sensilla. There are 2.2 times more of these sensilla, and their density is 5.8 limes greater on the fore wings than on the hind wings. They are concentrated along the primary longitudinal veins, and at the tips of both wings, and at the base and along the leading edge of the hind wing. These sensilla could possibly provide a feedback mechanism towards a coordinating role in flight, and a proprioceptor role in wing folding and unfolding.Possible chordotonal organs, multipolar neurons of type II, and an unidentified sensillum were noted also, but their number, distribution, and functional roles were not studied.

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