An Extensive Review of Nanotubes Based Mass-Sensors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Deshwal ◽  
Anil Kumar Narwal
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Mass Sensor ◽  
Mass Sensing ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Nanomechanical Resonators ◽  
Mass Sensors ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Chemical Inertness ◽  
Non Linear

Abstract Sensors have tremendous demand in Industry because of their properties like sensitiveness, responsiveness, stability, selectiveness, and cost-effectiveness. Therefore, it is a dire need to develop advanced sensing materials and technologies. With the rapid advancement in micro and nanotechnologies in Micro-electromechanical Systems/ Nano-electromechanical Systems (MEMS/NEMS), more emphasis has to develop micro and nanomechanical resonators, having great interest for engineering fields. When MEMS/NEMS resonators are used for advancement in sensors, then they could perform both detection and sensing. Both BNNT and CNT are the strongest lightweight nanomaterials used for mass sensing applications. BNNT contradict to CNT have nontoxic property towards health and environment because of its structural stability and chemical inertness, which makes it more suitable for biological applications. From various studies, the conclusion comes out that the non-linear dynamic behavior of Boron Nitride Nanotubes-based mass sensors has not yet been explored. It is required strongly to study the non-linear conduct of BNNT for designing a better performing mass sensor.

Vibration Analysis of Single Walled Boron Nitride Nanotube Based Nanoresonators

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitesh B. Panchal ◽  
S. H. Upadhyay ◽  
S. P. Harsha
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Continuum Mechanics ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotube ◽  
Mass Sensor ◽  
Nanomechanical Resonators ◽  
Mass Sensitivity

In this paper, the vibration response analysis of single walled boron nitride nanotubes (SWBNNTs) treated as thin walled tube has been done using finite element method (FEM). The resonant frequencies of fixed-free SWBNNTs have been investigated. The analysis explores the resonant frequency variations as well as the resonant frequency shift of the SWBNNTs caused by the changes in size of BNNTs in terms of length as well as the attached masses. The performance of cantilevered SWBNNT mass sensor is also analyzed based on continuum mechanics approach and compared with the published data of single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) for fixed-free configuration as a mass sensor. As a systematic analysis approach, the simulation results based on FEM are compared with the continuum mechanics based analytical approach and are found to be in good agreement. It is also found that the BNNT cantilever biosensor has better response and sensitivity compared to the CNT as a counterpart. Also, the results indicate that the mass sensitivity of cantilevered boron nitride nanotube nanomechanical resonators can reach 10−23 g and the mass sensitivity increases when smaller size nanomechanical resonators are used in mass sensors.

scholarly journals Optically Accessible MEMS Resonant Mass Sensor for Biological Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan G. Keeler ◽  
Chen Zou ◽  
Lih Y. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Biological Applications ◽  
Mass Sensor

Parametrically Excited Electrostatic MEMS Cantilever Beam With Flexible Support

2016 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Pallay ◽  
Shahrzad Towfighian
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Mass Sensors ◽  
Flexible Support ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Electrostatic Mems ◽  
Fringe Fields ◽  
Steady State Amplitude

Parametric resonators that show large amplitude of vibration are highly desired for sensing applications. In this paper, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) parametric resonator with a flexible support that uses electrostatic fringe fields to achieve resonance is introduced. The resonator shows a 50% increase in amplitude and a 50% decrease in threshold voltage compared with a fixed support cantilever model. The use of electrostatic fringe fields eliminates the risk of pull-in and allows for high amplitudes of vibration. We studied the effect of decreasing boundary stiffness on steady-state amplitude and found that below a threshold chaotic behavior can occur, which was verified by the information dimension of 0.59 and Poincaré maps. Hence, to achieve a large amplitude parametric resonator, the boundary stiffness should be decreased but should not go below a threshold when the chaotic response will appear. The resonator described in this paper uses a crab-leg spring attached to a cantilever beam to allow for both translation and rotation at the support. The presented study is useful in the design of mass sensors using parametric resonance (PR) to achieve large amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF A STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR FOR A POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM WITH A NON-LINEAR LOAD

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
Aleksei V. Makarov ◽  
Valeriy G. Makarov ◽  
Tatiana V. Makarova ◽  
Aleksei A. Petrov
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Static Synchronous Compensator ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Linear Load ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Non Linear Load

The purpose of the work is developing a simulation model of factory’s the power system, with a nonlinear load model, which is a 12-pulses thyristor invertor and a model of a static synchronous compensator, which is multi-level voltage invertor, based on H-bridge invertor. Also defining preliminary parameters for the design of a static synchronous compensator in order to meet the requirements for power factors and limits of voltage harmonic and interharmonic distortion specified for the point of common connection to the mains supply. The analytical and numerical methods of mathematical programming and control of electromechanical systems were used. VisualStudio and PSIM software products for developing a control system for electromechanical systems and compiling a simulation model of an industrial power supply system were used. As a result of the research, a simulation model of the power supply system of an industrial enterprise, a model of a nonlinear load and a static synchronous compensator were developed. The rated power of the static synchronous compensator is determined to reduce the consumption of reactive power and the magnitude of the higher harmonics of the current, at the point of common connection, during operating a non-linear load.

An Adaptive Self-Sensing Strategy for Piezoelectrically-Actuated Microcantilevers Used in Ultra-Small Mass Sensing Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miheer Gurjar ◽  
Nader Jalili
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Estimation ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Mass Sensing ◽  
Piezoelectric Patch ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Microcantilever Beam

This paper presents a mathematical model of a self-sensing microcantilever beam for mass sensing applications. Equations of motion are derived for a microcantilever beam with a tip mass and a piezoelectric patch actuator deposited on the cantilever surface. In the self-sensing mode, the same piezoelectric patch is used for actuation and sensing. Selfinduced voltage signals, which are extracted using a capacitive bridge mechanism, reveal frequency information of the vibrating beam, which in turn, reveals the particle mass. Equations of motion are obtained using the extended Hamilton's principle by considering the microcantilever as a distributed- parameters system. Two methods to estimate the unknown tip mass are presented. The first one is based on an inverse solution to the characteristic equation problem, while the second method uses a constraint-based optimization approach to estimate the tip mass. To improve the self-sensing performance, the need for adaptive estimation of the piezoelectric capacitance is stressed and an online estimation mechanism is presented. Simulations are presented to demonstrate the ability of the model to detect tip mass up to 0.1 femtogram (1 femtogram = 10-15 gm). Further simulation results demonstrate the working of constraint optimization method and adaptive self-sensing mechanism.

Preparation of Boron Nitride Nanotubes Aqueous Dispersions for Biological Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 6223-6231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Ciofani ◽  
Vittoria Raffa ◽  
Arianna Menciassi ◽  
Paolo Dario
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cell Line ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma Cell ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Living Material ◽  
First Time

While in the last years applications of carbon nanotubes in the field of biotechnology have been largely proposed, biomedical applications of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are yet totally unexplored. BNNTs have very interesting physical properties that should be exploited in the biomedical field. At this date, studies on their biocompatibility are completely missing and the first issue behind this investigation is the dispersion of BNNTs in aqueous solutions. In this paper the authors propose, for the first time, a technique for obtaining BNNT stable dispersions suitable for biological applications, based on polyethyleneimine (PEI) water solutions. Based on authors' knowledge, in vitro testing performed on human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) is the first study of interaction between BNNTs and living material. Experimental results showed a satisfactory cell viability up to a concentration of 5.0 μg/ml PEI-BNNTs in the cell culture medium.

Numerical Investigations of Parametrically Excited Non-Linear Multi Degree of Freedom Micro-Electromechanical Systems

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Till J. Kniffka ◽  
Horst Ecker ◽  
Brian R. Mace ◽  
Roger Halkyard
Keyword(s):  
Limit Cycles ◽  
Basins Of Attraction ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
Electromechanical Systems ◽  
Parameter Spaces ◽  
Parametrically Excited ◽  
Rest Position ◽  
Phase Parameter ◽  
Non Linear

More and more systems exploit parametric excitation (PE) to improve their performance compared to conventional system. Especially in the field of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) such technologies rapidly gain in importance. Different to conventional resonance cases PE may destabilise the system’s rest position when parametrically excited time-periodically with a certain PE frequency. At such parametric resonances vibrations are only limited due to non-linearities. The system is repelled by the unstable rest position and enters a bifurcated limit cycle. Finding these limit cycles has become more easy in recent years. Advances have been made in numerical path following tools regarding both their power and their user friendliness. As a result, designing such systems has become more common. Indeed, the focus of studies has been on 1DOF systems mostly. However, for multi degree of freedom systems choosing a meaningful phase space to discuss the results is a task on its own. Quasi-modally transforming the equations of motion, the vibrations are decomposed allowing one to focus on the predominant modes. By concentrating on these predominant modes, continuation results can be displayed in meaningfully reduced phase-parameter spaces. Basins of attraction can be found in Poincaré sections of these phase-parameter spaces. Employing these approaches, it is demonstrated how to investigate a non-linear 2DOF PE MEMS, how to change the characteristics of the limit cycles and how this affects their basins of attraction.

Material and device properties of ZnO-based film bulk acoustic resonator for mass sensing applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 253 (24) ◽  
pp. 9372-9380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Yan ◽  
Zhitang Song ◽  
Weili Liu ◽  
Hongxuan Ren ◽  
Ning Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Resonator ◽  
Mass Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator ◽  
Film Bulk ◽  
Device Properties

scholarly journals A non-linear resonator for sensing applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 1486-1489
Author(s):  
Chenchen Deng ◽  
Ross Turnbull ◽  
Carl Anthony ◽  
Mike Ward ◽  
Steve Collins
Keyword(s):  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Non Linear
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