scholarly journals A Comparison of Navy and Contractor Gas Turbine Acquisition Cost

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Finizie
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Aircraft Systems ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Government

The increasing cost of weapons provided the stimulus needed for the Navy and Air Force jointly to study common engine requirements for the 1990s. Since engines require several years longer to develop than airframes, the Government sponsored the Advanced Technology Engine Study (ATES) to develop a long range propulsion plan for new aircraft needed through 2010. Because of the interaction between aircraft and engine in the design of the weapon system, aircraft engine companies teamed with aircraft companies to provide aircraft and engine conceptual designs to perform the expected missions for the 1990 time period. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) was used as the criterion in evaluating the merit of a number of USN and USAF aircraft systems. Since operating and support costs (0&S) are the most difficult of LCC to predict accurately, this paper compares only development and production costs provided by the participating contractors with those costs determined using cost criteria developed by the Navy.

Aircraft Engine Integration for the M88-RAFALE Couple

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Ramette ◽  
Jean Christophe Corde
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
High Complexity ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Air Intake

As all other comparable programs, the couple RAFALE-M88 has to be a fully optimized multirole weapon system with the highest level of integration; a key factor for that purpose is the very good prebuilt integration of the engine within the aircraft. After a short description of the main historical milestones of the aircraft and engine programs development and integration, the paper will first summarize the rigourous procedures which are used by aircraft and engine manufacturers, official services and future Air Force and Navy users. Then, the paper will detail the main points where aircraft engine integration as to be lead precisely and carefully; these points are: -at first, the electronical links which are establised between the aircraft and the engine, due to the high complexity of flight softwares who have to work and talk with each others; -secondly, the aerodynamical subjects, including air intake and exhaust nozzle installation; -thirdly, the mechanical integration (geometry, mechanical behaviour, …); -then all kinds of fluid circuits or equiments.

scholarly journals EAGLE: An Interactive Engine/Airframe Life Cycle Cost Model

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Reed ◽  
R. R. Horton ◽  
J. B. Fyfe
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Technology Evaluation ◽  
Advance Technology ◽  
Design Decisions

A major portion of the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) of a modern high technology weapon system is determined by design decisions made very early in the development process. Many of these decisions are so fundamental that later changes become impractical. As a result, a usage-sensitive, interactive aircraft engine LCC model has been developed by Pratt & Whitney Aircraft to evaluate and prioritize potential technology candidates during conceptual/preliminary design. This paper discusses the development of the EAGLE (Engine/Airframe Generalized LCC Evaluator) model, its validation using results from the Advance Technology Engine Studies (ATES), and includes an example engine technology evaluation.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Effects of Aircraft Engine Upgrades on Operating and Support Costs

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (97) ◽  
pp. 320-343
Author(s):  
Bradford A. Myers ◽  
Edward D. White ◽  
Jonathan D. Ritschel ◽  
R. David Fass
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Life Cycle Costs ◽  
Aircraft Engines ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Fuel Costs ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Total Life

For fixed wing aircraft within the U.S. Air Force, Operating and Support (O&S) costs encompass a large portion of total life-cycle costs. O&S costs include fuel, maintenance, and engine upgrades. To the authors’ knowledge, no study to date has attempted to empirically quantify the realized effects of new aircraft engines on sustainment costs. Utilizing the Air Force Total Ownership Cost database, they focused on new engines appearing on the C-5s, C-130s, and C-135s. Although narrow in scope, results suggest newer engines have lower fuel costs. Maintenance costs for newer engines were not consistently higher or lower than the engines they replaced, although Contractor Logistics Support was not tracked by engine in this study. We found that savings from improved fuel efficiency tended to be greater than a potential increase in maintenance costs.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost as a Propulsion System Design Consideration

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Curry
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
System Development ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Math Model ◽  
Support Costs ◽  
Heavy Lift ◽  
Turboshaft Engine

This paper deals with applying Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Design To Cost (DTC) principles to aircraft engine programs. The dynamic driving elements of LCC are identified with an example of direct application to a deterministic computer model. This model was used as the principal tool to project operating and support costs for the XT701 turboshaft engine in conjunction with the U.S. Army Heavy Lift Helicopter Development that featured a specific DTC-related award fee in the contract. The overall methodology of LCC and DTC supported by the math model earned a Superior evaluation with an unprecedented 100 percent award fee for this kind of application. The customer audit, in support of the performance award, supports the conclusion that computer models can be used to enhance the LCC aspects of propulsion system development programs.

Graubündens Wald im Fokus | Focus on the Grisons forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (7) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Reto Hefti
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Form Part ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Government

In the mountainous canton Grisons, much visited by tourists, the forest has always had an important role to play. New challenges are now presenting themselves. The article goes more closely into two themes on the Grisons forestry agenda dominating in the next few years: the increased use of timber and climate change. With the increased demand for logs and the new sawmill in Domat/Ems new opportunities are offered to the canton for more intensive use of the raw material, wood. This depends on a reduction in production costs and a positive attitude of the population towards the greater use of wood. A series of measures from the Grisons Forestry Department should be of help here. The risk of damage to infrastructure is particularly high in a mountainous canton. The cantonal government of the Grisons has commissioned the Forestry Department to define the situation concerning the possible consequences of global warming on natural hazards and to propose measures which may be taken. The setting up of extensive measurement and information systems, the elaboration of intervention maps, the estimation of the danger potential in exposed areas outside the building zone and the maintenance of existing protective constructions through the creation of a protective constructions register, all form part of the government programme for 2009 to 2012. In the Grisons, forest owners and visitors will have to become accustomed to the fact that their forests must again produce more wood and that, on account of global warming, protective forests will become even more important than they already are today.

scholarly journals The Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Location of Pollution-Intensive Industries in China under Agglomeration Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4045
Author(s):  
Yinhao Wu ◽  
Shumin Yu ◽  
Xiangdong Duan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agglomeration Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Pollutant Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Pollution-intensive industries (PIIs) have both scale effect and environmental sensitivity. Therefore, this paper studies how environmental regulation (ER) affects the location dynamics of PIIs under the agglomeration effect. Our results show that, ER can increase the production costs of pollution-intensive firms (PIFs) by internalizing the negative impact of pollutant discharge in a region, and thus, directly reduces the region’s attractiveness to PIFs. Meanwhile, ER can indirectly reduce the attractiveness of a region to PIFs by reducing the externality of the regional agglomeration effect. Moreover, these influences are regulated by the level of local economic development. Based on the moderated mediating effect model, we find evidence from the site selection activities of newly built chemical firms in cities across China. The empirical test shows that compared with 2014, the proportion of the direct effect of ER to the total effects significantly decreased in 2018, while the proportion of indirect effects under the agglomeration effect increased significantly. Our findings provide reference for the government to design effective environmental policies to guide the location choice of new PIFs.

Pelaksanaan Pencatatan Blokir Sertipikat Hak Atas Tanah (Studi di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Bantul)

Tunas Agraria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-135
Author(s):  
Anisa Sekarsari ◽  
Haryo Budhiawan ◽  
Akur Nurasa
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Recording Process ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
The Government

Abstract: In order to give the assurance of legal certainty, certainty of rights and legal protection to holders and owners of land rights, the land registration shall be carried out. However, there is still a land dispute which now become a homework for The Government. This is because the certificate which should be a strong evidentiary can not guaranteed the legal certainty for the owner, so the person who right the land can blocking the certificate of land rights at Land Office. The issuance of Regulation Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial / Head of National Land Office Number 13 Year of 2017 concerning the Procedures of Block and Sita which expected to create uniformity, standardization in recording process and abolition of registration blocked, it turns out not all the rules can be implemented at The Land Office of Sleman and Bantul Regency.The result of this research shows that blocking certificate process at Sleman Land Office and Bantul Land Office have a policy that the applicant is required to pay the blocking recording fee after the blocking received. Makes a potential loss to the (PNBP) which should be owned by Land Office for faced the problem of KKPweb application which have not been able to accomodate the time period of blocking. Keywords : blocking certificate, blocking, registration blocked Intisari: Dalam rangka memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dan kepastian hak serta perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang dan pemilik hak atas tanah, maka dilaksanakan pendaftaran tanah. Namun demikian, masih saja terjadi sengketa pertanahan yang saat ini menjadi pekerjaan rumah bagi Pemerintah. Hal ini disebabkan karena, sertipikat sebagai alat pembuktian yang kuat ternyata belum menjamin kepastian hukum pemiliknya sehingga pihak yang merasa berhak atas tanah tersebut dapat melakukan blokir sertipikat hak atas tanah di Kantor Pertanahan. Dikeluarkannya Permen ATR/Kepala Nomor 13 Tahun 2017 tentang Tata Cara Blokir dan Sita yang diharapkan bertujuan untuk mewujudkan keseragaman, standarisasi dalam pelaksanaan pencatatan dan penghapusan catatan blokir ternyata tidak semua peraturan tersebut dapat dilaksanakan di Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Bantul. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pelaksanaan pencatatan blokir di kantor pertanahan Kabupaten Sleman dan Kabupaten Bantul terdapat kebijakan yaitu pemohon diwajibkan membayar biaya pencatatan blokir setelah blokirnya diterima membuat potensial loss terhadap (PNBP) yang seharusnya didapat kantor pertanahan untuk kendala yang dihadapi yaitu Aplikasi KKPweb yang belum dapat mengakomodir jangka waktu blokir. Kata Kunci: blokir sertipikat, pemblokiran, pencatatan blokir

Companion Trainer Aircraft: Concept Definition and Evaluation

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 610-614
Author(s):  
Robert T. Nullmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Transfer Of Training ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Electronic Warfare ◽  
Concept Definition ◽  
Business Jet ◽  
Air Force Base ◽  
B 52

Faced with increasing budget constraints and a need to conserve the B-52 weapon system, the Strategic Air Command has pursued several avenues to make continuation training programs more efficient. Because actual flight training is considered to be critical, one proposed solution involved the use of a low cost business jet to supplement reduced B-52 flying schedules. This jet would be augmented to provide training for the radar navigator, navigator, and electronic warfare officer in addition to the pilot and copilot. Some training missions would be flown in this Companion Trainer Aircraft (CTA) to reduce the need to fly the B-52. This paper describes two efforts concerning training effectiveness of a possible CTA. First, a theoretical approach based on transfer of training considerations was used to predict the training potential of the CTA. Second, because the transfer expectations for the pilot and copilot were particularly difficult to specify, a study was designed involving operational SAC crews. This study employed a modified T-39B to supplement B-52 training for eight aircrews from the 2nd Bombardment Wing, Barksdale Air Force Base, LA. Although the CTA program was cancelled and the test was terminated early, crew responses to the program and problems encountered provide valuable lessons for any future CTA program.

scholarly journals Experiential and Integrated Learning Environments – Teaching Urban Design Studio at Curtin University

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Maria Mancini ◽  
Tanja Glusac
Keyword(s):  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Learning Environments ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Action Learning ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Integrated Learning ◽  
Learning Collaborative ◽  
The Government

Experiential Learning and Integrated Learning Environments in Architecture is a pedagogic project based on action learning (Revans, 1980) that challenges the traditional design studio teaching approach to Architectural/Urban Design and builds on Dewey (1939) and Kolb (1984) theories of experiential learning. An innovative model of teaching Urban Design to Master of Architecture students has been trailed for the first time in 2018, when the studio was set in the City of Bayswater, and has been refined over the course of 2019 in two separate study periods – Study Period 1 (Rome/Milan Study Tour) and Semester 2. This model provides students with an opportunity to collaboratively learn from and re-design the existing urban environments by immersing themselves in the very context they are studying. The proximity of the classroom to the urban setting presented an opportunity for students to draw comparisons and analysis between national and international examples and that of the surrounding urban milieu. Additionally, advanced technology supportive of distributed learning environment and intense collaboration with industry such as Hassell, Element and The Office of the Government Architect (OGA), coupled with opportunities to visit various practices, provided deeper insights and an all rounded approach to learning and engaging with architecture. Keywords: experiential learning; collaborative learning environments; architecture, urban design

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