scholarly journals Application of an Industrial Gas Turbine for Cogeneration and Process Services

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Steam System

The gas turbine is not limited to single service applications such as power generation or mechanical drive service. An application has been developed recently to use an industrial gas turbine to drive an electric generator for power while at the same time contributing to the heat balance of a refinery unit. Specifically, a G. E. Frame 5 gas turbine installed with a hydrogen reformer furnace can significantly reduce the overall heat input required by capturing the waste heat in the exhaust gas to preheat the feed to the furnace and to generate high pressure steam for the owner’s refinery steam system. The gas turbine selected for the projects described in this paper is the G.E. Frame 5, model “R” (5271 RA). The model “R” was originally described as a “single shaft mechanical drive” turbine but easily adapted to generator drive. The design is some 30 years old as it was developed in the 1960’s. The term “single shaft mechanical drive” is somewhat strange to us in the process industries as we’re more accustomed to mechanical drive gas turbines designed with two shafts for speed control purposes. Many of the design / construction features of this model make it ideally suited for this application. The higher cost of fuels, and electrical power contribute significantly to making the economics attractive. First of all the heat of the turbine exhaust gas will reduce the fuel required for firing to heat the feed to the furnace. The steam generated in the heat recovery section then contributes to generating power in the steam side in the steam turbine. The results are fuel savings and electric power purchase savings. The steam turbine portion of the cycle is designed to vary with the owner’s steam system and balance. For that reason the steam turbine includes a high pressure inlet, medium pressure steam chest for extraction, a low pressure steam chest designed for induction or extraction and a surface condenser to condense the steam passed through. Fuel flexibility is a major consideration of the unit design. Natural gas or methane rich gas is a base fuel that the gas turbine will fire most of the time. Alternate fuels however, such as propane or butane are commonly available in a refinery and could be fired in the gas turbine as currently configured.

scholarly journals Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Dzida ◽  
Wojciech Olszewski
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Large Power ◽  
Low Speed ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Main Engine

Comparing combined gas tubrine/steam turbine and marine low speed piston engine/steam turbine systems in naval applications The article compares combined systems in naval applications. The object of the analysis is the combined gas turbine/steam turbine system which is compared to the combined marine low-speed Diesel engine/steam turbine system. The comparison refers to the additional power and efficiency increase resulting from the use of the heat in the exhaust gas leaving the piston engine or the gas turbine. In the analysis a number of types of gas turbines with different exhaust gas temperatures and two large-power low-speed piston engines have been taken into account. The comparison bases on the assumption about comparable power ranges of the main engine.

Study of Using Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Gas Turbine for Carbon Capture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Burnes ◽  
Priyank Saxena ◽  
Paul Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas Recirculation ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Hybrid Solutions ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbines ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Recirculation

Abstract The growing call of minimizing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases emitting from energy and transportation products will spur innovation to meet new stringent requirements while striving to preserve significant investments in the current infrastructure. This paper presents quantitative analysis of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on industrial gas turbines to enable carbon sequestration venturing towards emission free operation. This study will show the effect of using EGR on gas turbine performance and operation, combustion characteristics, and demonstrate potential hybrid solutions with detailed constituent accounting. Both single shaft and two shaft gas turbines for power generation and mechanically driven equipment are considered for application of this technology. One key element is assessing the combustion system operating at reduced O2 levels within the industrial gas turbine. With the gas turbine behavior operating with EGR defined at a reasonable operating state, a parametric study shows rates of CO2 sequestration along with quantifying supplemental O2 required at the inlet, if needed, to sustain combustion. With rates of capture known, a further exploration is examined reviewing potential utilities, monetizing these sequestered constituents. Ultimately, the objective is to preview a potential future of operating industrial gas turbines in a non-emissive and in some cases carbon negative manner while still using hydrocarbon fuel.

Flexible Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant Utilising Organic Rankine Cycle Technology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Welch ◽  
Nicola Rossetti
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Operational Flexibility

Historically gas turbine power plants have become more efficient and reduced the installed cost/MW by developing larger gas turbines and installing them in combined cycle configuration with a steam turbine. These large gas turbines have been designed to maintain high exhaust gas temperatures to maximise the power generation from the steam turbine and achieve the highest overall electrical efficiencies possible. However, in today’s electricity market, with more emphasis on decentralised power generation, especially in emerging nations, and increasing penetration of intermittent renewable power generation, this solution may not be flexible enough to meet operator demands. An alternative solution to using one or two large gas turbines in a large central combined cycle power plant is to design and install multiple smaller decentralised power plant, based on multiple gas turbines with individual outputs below 100MW, to provide the operational flexibility required and enable this smaller power plant to maintain a high efficiency and low emissions profile over a wide load range. This option helps maintain security of power supplies, as well as providing enhanced operational flexibility through the ability to turn turbines on and off as necessary to match the load demand. The smaller gas turbines though tend not to have been optimised for combined cycle operation, and their exhaust gas temperatures may not be sufficiently high, especially under part load conditions, to generate steam at the conditions needed to achieve a high overall electrical efficiency. ORC technology, thanks to the use of specific organic working fluids, permits efficient exploitation of low temperatures exhaust gas streams, as could be the case for smaller gas turbines, especially when working on poor quality fuels. This paper looks at how a decentralised power plant could be designed using Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) in place of the conventional steam Rankine Cycle to maximise power generation efficiency and flexibility, while still offering a highly competitive installed cost. Combined cycle power generation utilising ORC technology offers a solution that also has environmental benefits in a water-constrained World. The paper also investigates the differences in plant performance for ORC designs utilising direct heating of the ORC working fluid compared to those using an intermediate thermal oil heating loop, and looks at the challenges involved in connecting multiple gas turbines to a single ORC turbo-generator to keep installed costs to a minimum.

scholarly journals The Mojave Cogeneration Project Unit 2

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. (Larry) Redmond ◽  
Ezio Marson
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

A cogeneration application of the CW251B10 industrial gas turbine is described in this paper. The gas turbine will generate electrical power and steam from a waste heat recovery boiler located downstream of the turbine exhaust. The steam generated by the boiler will be used to generate additional power in a Westinghouse condensing steam turbine. Steam will be extracted from the steam turbine for use in the plant and for injection into the gas turbine for NOx emission reduction. A description of the plant and components is included. Site performance tests results are presented and compared to the original predicted engine and plant performance.

Parametric study on the performance of combined power plant of steam and gas turbines

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Mohammad Almajali ◽  
Omar Quran
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Steam Cycle

Abstract This paper deals with aspects of the combined power and power (CPP) plants. Such plants consist of two major parts; the steam turbine and gas turbine plants. This study investigates the efficiency of CPP under the effect of several factors. CPP plants can achieve the highest thermal efficiency obtained with turbomachinery up to date. In this cycle, the anticipated waste thermal energy of the exhaust of gas turbine is used to generate a high pressure steam to empower the steam turbine in the steam cycle. By systematically varying the main design parameters, their influence on the CPP plant can be revealed. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to measure the influence of the main parameter of the gas and steam cycles on the performance of CPP. The results exhibit that the overall plant thermal efficiency is significantly greater than that of either the two turbines. Due to the high thermal efficiency, a significant reduction in the greenhouse effect can be achieved. It is found that regenerative steam cycle will reduce the overall efficiency of combined cycle. On the other hand, using reheat steam cycle in the CPP plant will lead to an increase in both the thermal efficiency of the plant and the dryness factor of steam at exit of the steam turbine.

Steam System Design Considerations for Three Pressure Reheat Cycles With Cascade Bypass System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Greer ◽  
Kurt Schnaithmann ◽  
Stefan Klatt
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
System Design ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Plant Operation ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
System Pressure ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
Steam System ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This paper discusses various issues that should be considered when designing the steam system for a typical three pressure reheat cycle, which is used at many of today’s combined cycled plants. A cascade bypass arrangement in the steam system is commonly used to ensure steam flow is available to the reheat section of the HRSG during startup. For the purposes of this paper, a cascade bypass system will be defined as high pressure steam being bypassed to the cold reheat steam and hot reheat steam being bypassed to the condenser. This arrangement can lead to conflicts between plant operation needs and the steam turbine desire to reduce the HP turbine backpressure as much as possible during startup. Plant operation needs that may dictate keeping the reheat system pressure high include export steam minimum pressure guarantees to customers, cycling operation which forces the plant to restart when equipment is still hot, and hot reheat steam bypass or condenser limitations. The HP turbine and cold reheat steam piping can have temperature limitations which may necessitate keeping the HP turbine exhaust pressure as low as possible during startup.

scholarly journals Cogeneration: Gas Turbine Multitasking

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (08) ◽  
pp. 50-50
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Pressure Steam ◽  
The University ◽  
Turbine Exhaust

This article describes the functioning of the gas turbine cogeneration power plant at the University of Connecticut (UConn) in Storrs. This 25-MW power plant serves the 18,000 students’ campus. It has been in operation since 2006 and is expected to save the University $180M in energy costs over its 40-year design life. The heart of the UConn cogeneration plant consists of three 7-MW Solar Taurus gas turbines burning natural gas, with fuel oil as a backup. These drive water-cooled generators to produce up to 20–24 MW of electrical power distributed throughout the campus. Gas turbine exhaust heat is used to generate up to 200,000 pounds per hour of steam in heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs). The HRSGs provide high-pressure steam to power a 4.6-MW steam turbine generator set for more electrical power and low-pressure steam for campus heating. The waste heat from the steam turbine contained in low-pressure turbine exhaust steam is combined with the HRSG low-pressure steam output for campus heating.

scholarly journals Improved Specific Fuel Consumption of Open Cycle Gas Turbines by Utilization of Waste Heat

1976 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Balukjian ◽  
J. Gatzoulis
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Open Cycle ◽  
Fuel Costs

Because of the recent sharp rise in fuel costs, the U. S. Navy is re-emphasizing methods to reduce the specific fuel consumption of gas turbine powered ships to be introduced in future designs. This paper presents the results of a study in which the specific fuel consumption (SFC) of open cycle gas turbines was reduced by two alternate methods of utilizing the waste heat: (a) generation of steam for combined gas and steam turbine power (COGAS) from an existing engine design, and (b) incorporation of a recuperator for a new engine design.

Modelling and Measuring Experiences to Evaluate the Modal Behaviour of an Industrial Gas Turbine High Pressure Bucket

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Del Turco ◽  
Michele D’Ercole ◽  
Francesco Gamberi ◽  
Roberto De Prosperis ◽  
Nicola Pieroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Validation Tests ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Analytical Tools

In gas turbines, High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) bucket failures are mainly prevented by avoiding resonance frequencies in the operative range. Due to the high number of stimuli present, avoiding potential resonance crossings is often not possible. In these cases, failures can be avoided by controlling vibratory stress levels in order not to exceed high cycle fatigue endurance limits. This paper describes the processes used in GE Infrastructure, Oil&Gas to design, develop and test a new high-pressure turbine bucket for a 32 MW-class industrial gas turbine for mechanical drive and power generation applications. Initial design phases, material selection, concurrent engineering efforts, bench testing characterization and final validation on FETT (First Engine to Test) are described. A particular focus is given to the analytical tools (i.e. Modal Cyclic Analysis) used in the design phase and the validation tests (i.e. Ping Test and Laser Doppler Vibration) including the development of a dedicated instrumentation technique, which allowed the unit not to be disassembled (High Temperature Strain Gauge Splicing).

Combined Heat and Power Technologies: Application Studies of Options Including Micro Gas Turbines

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Gonza´lez ◽  
Ro´ger Padilla ◽  
Reinhard Willinger
Keyword(s):  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Qualitative Survey ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Recently, several methods have been developed to select and optimize energy systems with the purpose of finding the most economical solution that supplies the required energy demand. This paper presents a theoretical study of cogeneration technolgies, which includes a qualitative survey, and technical and economical arguments to define which combinations of supply technologies can be expected to serve six different demand cases. The comparison from economical viewpoint, based on annualized capital and operatinal costs of the system, shows a trend to use backpressure steam turbine for small cases (power demand ≤ 5MW) and industrial gas turbine for big cases (power demand ≥ 5MW).

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