scholarly journals Development of an LCV Fuel Gas Combustor for an Industrial Gas Turbine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Constant ◽  
D. Mark Bevan ◽  
Michael F. Cannon ◽  
Gregory J. Kelsall
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Phased Development ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Generation Systems

Advanced coal based power generation systems, such as the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABGC), offer the potential for high efficiency, electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the ABGC development is the gas turbine combustion system. It must bum low calorific value (LCV) coal derived fuel gas, at high turbine inlet temperatures with minimum pollutant emissions. A phased development programme has been completed burning LCV fuel gas (3.6–4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel bound nitrogen. Performance tests were carried out on a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor, at Mach numbers generally lower than those typical to engine applications, with encouraging results. Five design variants, operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine each returned an improvement in combustor performance. A further five variants were investigated to establish which design characteristics and operating parameters most affected NOx emissions.

Low Emissions Combustor Development for an Industrial Gas Turbine to Utilize LCV Fuel Gas

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
M. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Topping Cycle ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Advanced coal-based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high-efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle program is the gas turbine, for which development of a combustion system to burn low calorific value coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C (2300°F), with minimum pollutant emissions, is a key R&D issue. A phased combustor development program is underway burning low calorific value fuel gas (3.6-4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel-bound nitrogen. The first phase of the combustor development program has now been completed using a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor design. Tests were carried out at combustor loading and Mach numbers considerably greater than the initial design values. Combustor performance at these conditions was encouraging. The second phase of the program is currently in progress. This will assess, initially, an improved variant of the prototype combustor operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine. This combustor will also be capable of operating using natural gas as an auxiliary fuel, to suit the start-up procedure for the Topping Cycle. The paper presents the Phase 1 test program results for the prototype combustor. Design of the modified combustor for Phase 2 of the development program is discussed, together with preliminary combustion performance results.

scholarly journals Low Emissions Combustor Development for an Industrial Gas Turbine to Utilise LCV Fuel Gas

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
M. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Topping Cycle ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

Advanced coal based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle programme is the gas turbine, for which development of a combustion system to burn low calorific value coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C (2300 F), with minimum pollutant emissions, is a key R&D issue. A phased combustor development programme is underway burning low calorific value fuel gas (3.6–4.1 MJ/m3) with low emissions, particularly NOx derived from fuel bound nitrogen. The first phase of the combustor development programme has now been completed using a generic tubo-annular, prototype combustor design. Tests were carried out at combustor loading and mach numbers considerably greater than the initial design values. Combustor performance at these conditions was encouraging. The second phase of the programme is currently in progress. This will assess, initially, an improved variant of the prototype combustor operating at conditions selected to represent a particular medium sized industrial gas turbine. This combustor will also be capable of operating using natural gas as an auxiliary fuel, to suit the start-up procedure for the Topping Cycle. The paper presents the Phase 1 test programme results for the prototype combustor. Design of the modified combustor for Phase 2 of the development programme is discussed, together with preliminary combustion performance results.

scholarly journals Combustion of LCV Coal Derived Fuel Gas for High Temperature, Low Emissions Gas Turbines in the British Coal Topping Cycle

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Kelsall ◽  
M. A. Smith ◽  
H. Todd ◽  
M. J. Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustion ◽  
Topping Cycle

Advanced coal based power generation systems such as the British Coal Topping Cycle offer the potential for high efficiency electricity generation with minimum environmental impact. An important component of the Topping Cycle programme is the development of a gas turbine combustion system to burn low calorific value (3.5–4.0 MJ/m3 wet gross) coal derived fuel gas, at a turbine inlet temperature of 1260°C, with minimum pollutant emissions. The paper gives an overview of the British Coal approach to the provision of a gas turbine combustion system for the British Coal Topping Cycle, which includes both experimental and modelling aspects. The first phase of this programme is described, including the design and operation of a low-NOx turbine combustor, operating at an outlet temperature of 1360°C and burning a synthetic low calorific value (LCV) fuel gas, containing 0 to 1000 ppmv of ammonia. Test results up to a pressure of 8 bar are presented and the requirements for further combustor development outlined.

Field and Application Experience of the Titan 130 Industrial Gas Turbine

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rocha ◽  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Evaluation Program ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The two-shaft Titan 130 industrial gas turbine was introduced into commercial service in 1998 and has gained field experience in mechanical-drive and compressor-set applications. A single-shaft configuration is also available for electrical power generation applications. The 14-MW class two-shaft engine is nominally rated at 19,500 hp with a simple-cycle efficiency of more than 35% at ISO operating conditions. It is available with two combustor options: a dry, low-pollutant emissions combustion system featuring Solar’s proven SoLoNOx technology or a diffusion-flame type combustor adapted from Solar’s proven Mars gas turbine. The Titan 130 gas turbine design is an aerodynamic scale of the existing Taurus 70 product. The unit features a modified Mars air compressor and turbine section components directly scaled from the Taurus 70, resulting in a low-risk product design well-suited for industrial service applications. A major element of the development strategy included an extended field evaluation trial in actual operating conditions to demonstrate overall product durability. The first Titan 130 mechanical-drive package was placed into service at a natural gas pipeline compressor station and successfully completed a planned 8000-hour field evaluation program. Extensive inspection and operating data have been evaluated and the unit continues to operate in normal commercial service. A mechanical-drive package requires the successful marriage between the driver and the driven equipment. Most applications require a combination of high efficiency and high performance flexibility. Emphasis was placed on providing excellent gas compressor coverage for this product. The successful application of such a compression system is discussed and supported by site test data. This paper provides details of the Titan 130 field evaluation program, design enhancements and typical compressor set application performance characteristics.

scholarly journals Biomass Gasification for Gas Turbine Based Power Generation

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Paisley ◽  
Donald Anson
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
Process Economics ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
The Us ◽  
Power Generation Systems

The Biomass Power Program of the US Department of Energy (DOE) has as a major goal the development of cost-competitive technologies for the production of power from renewable biomass crops. The gasification of biomass provides the potential to meet his goal by efficiently and economically producing a renewable source of a clean gaseous fuel suitable for use in high efficiency gas turbines. This paper discusses the development and first commercial demonstration of the Battelle high-throughput gasification process for power generation systems. Projected process economics are presented along with a description of current experimental operations coupling a gas turbine power generation system to the research scale gasifier and the process scaleup activities in Burlington, Vermont.

Gas Turbine Efficiency (GTE) Benefits of GTE Water Wash Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wagner ◽  
Robert J. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Compression Process ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Air Filter ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

The desire to maintain power plant profitability, combined with current market fuel gas pricing is forcing power generation companies to constantly look for ways to keep their industrial gas turbine units operating at the highest possible efficiency. Gas Turbines Operation requires the compression of very large quantities of air that is mixed with fuel, ignited and directed into a turbine to produce torque for purposes ranging from power generation to mechanical drive of pumping systems to thrust for air craft propulsion. The compression of the air for this process typically uses 60% of the required base energy. Therefore management of the compression process efficiency is very important to maintain overall cycle efficiency. Since fouling of turbine compressors is almost unavoidable, even with modern air filter treatment, and over time results in lower efficiency and output, compressor cleaning is required to maintain gas turbine efficiency.

scholarly journals Study on the Turbine Vane and Blade for a 1500°C Class Industrial Gas Turbine

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Amagasa ◽  
K. Shimomura ◽  
M. Kadowaki ◽  
K. Takeishi ◽  
H. Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Turbine Vane ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Industrial Gas Turbine

This paper describes the summary of a three year development program for the 1st stage stationary vane and rotating blade for the next generation, 1500°C Class, high efficiency gas turbine. In such a high temperature gas turbine, the 1st turbine vane and blade are the most important hot parts. Full coverage film cooling (FCFC) is adopted for the cooling scheme, and directionally solidified (DS) nickel base super-alloy and thermal barrier coating (TBC) will be used to prolong the creep and thermal fatigue life. The concept of the cooling configuration, fundamental cascade test results and material test results will be presented.

Numerical Simulation for the Preliminary Design of Fuel Flexible Stationary Gas Turbine Combustors Using Conventional and Alternative Fuels

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Washington Orlando Irrazabal Bohorquez ◽  
João Roberto Barbosa ◽  
Rob Johan Maria Bastiaans ◽  
Philip de Goey
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Primary Zone

Currently, high efficiency and low emissions are most important requisites for the design of modern gas turbines due to the strong environmental restrictions around the world. In the past years, alternative fuels have been considered for application in industrial gas turbines. Therefore, combustor performance, pollutant emissions and the ability to burn several fuels became of much concern and high priority has been given to the combustor design. This paper describes a methodology focused on the design of stationary gas turbines combustion chambers with the ability to efficiently burn conventional and alternative fuels. A simplified methodology is used for the calculations of the equilibrium temperature and chemical species in the primary zone of a gas turbine combustor. Direct fuel injection and diffusion flames, together with numerical methods like Newton-Raphson, LU Factorization and Lagrange Polynomials, are used for the calculations. Diesel, ethanol and methanol fuels were chosen for the numerical study. A computer code sequentially calculates the main geometry of the combustor. From the numerical simulation it is concluded that the basic gas turbine combustor geometry, for some operating conditions and burning diesel, ethanol or methanol, are of similar sizes, because the development of aerodynamic characteristics predominate over the thermochemical properties. It is worth to note that the type of fuel has a marked effect on the stability and combustion advancement in the combustor. This can be seen when the primary zone is analyzed under a steady-state operating condition. At full power, the pressure is 1.8 MPa and the temperature 1,000 K at the combustor inlet. Then, the equivalence ratios in the primary zone are 1.3933 (diesel), 1.4352 (ethanol) and 1.3977 (methanol) and the equilibrium temperatures for the same operating conditions are 2,809 K (diesel), 2,754 K (ethanol) and 2,702 K (methanol). This means that the combustor can reach similar flame stability conditions, whereas the combustion efficiency will require richer fuel/air mixtures of ethanol or methanol are burnt instead of diesel. Another important result from the numerical study is that the concentration of the main pollutants (CO, CO2, NO, NO2) is reduced when ethanol or methanol are burnt, in place of diesel.

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