A Study of Transmission Error in Timing Belt Drives: Effect of Production Error in Polychloroprene Rubber Belt

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Tomio Koyama ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Static Condition ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Initial Tension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Production Error ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Rubber Belt

Abstract Experiments on a transmission error, having a period of one revolution of the belt in polychloroprene rubber timing belts, were performed under a quasi-static condition and an initial tension. The experimental results were compared with the computed results obtained using the measurement results of the production error in the belt. It was confirmed that the transmission error was mainly caused by a single pitch error, a change in cross-sectional area of the load carrying cords and a change in modulus of elasticity for one revolution of the belt. As the experimental results coincided quite well with the computed ones, it was concluded that the measurement methods for the single pitch error and the belt elongation factor, and the arrangement methods of these values used to compute the transmission error were right. Further, it was found that the transmission error due to the production error in the belt lessens when the initial tension becomes smaller.

A Study on Transmission Error in Timing Belt Drives (Effect of Production Error in Polychloroprene Rubber Belt)

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 1038-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kagotani ◽  
T. Koyama ◽  
H. Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Initial Tension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Production Error ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Rubber Belt ◽  
Production Errors

Experiments on a transmission error caused by production errors in polychloroprene rubber timing belts were performed under a quasistatic condition and an initial tension. The experimental results were compared with the computed results obtained using the measurement results of the production error in the belt. It was confirmed that the transmission error, having a period of one revolution of the belt, was mainly caused by a single pitch error, a change in cross-sectional area of the load carrying cords and a change in modulus of elasticity for one revolution of the belt. As the experimental results coincided quite well with the computed ones, it was concluded that the measurement methods for the single pitch error and the belt elongation factor, and the arrangement methods of these values used to compute the transmission error were valid. Further, it was found that the transmission error due to the production error in the belt lessens when the initial tension becomes smaller.

Experimental Validation of a Dynamic Numerical Model for Timing Belt Drives Behavior Simulation

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Manin ◽  
Daniel Play ◽  
Patrick Soleilhac
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Behavior Simulation ◽  
Dynamic Transmission Error ◽  
Timing Belt

Abstract The behavior of timing belts used in automotive applications have to be defined and predicted at the preliminary design phases. Numerical simulations replace progressively experimental determinations that are time and money consuming. The object of the work was to qualify from experimental results a timing belt drive numerical model. The model simulates the dynamic behavior versus time of any kind of tooth belt power transmissions. The model architecture, originalities and capabilities have been already presented, and the purpose is now to compare in details numerical and experimental results. The experimental qualification has been carried out on a laboratory test bench with a medium size engine valve controlled distribution made of 3 pulleys and a tensioner. Tensions, camshaft torque, pulleys speeds and angular acylisms, dynamic transmission error between camshaft and crankshaft pulleys have been measured. Numerous tests have been made for different running conditions by changing : speed, angular acyclism, camshaft torque, setting tension. Several phenomena and influence of parameters have been identified, as the pulley eccentricity effect on camshaft torque, span tensions, and transmission error. Part of the experimental results are used as entries of the model : camshaft torque, crankshaft instantaneous speed, transmission error due to pulley eccentricities. Further, comparisons with the numerical results were made. Experimental and numerical results of tension, angular acyclism, dynamic transmission error, versus operation time are compared for the different tests performed. The agreement is good and shows that the model developed allows to simulate dynamic behavior of timing belt with high degree of confidence.

Actuation and dynamic mechanical characteristics of a core free flat dielectric electro-active polymer soft actuator

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 7396-7404
Author(s):  
Abdul Malek Abdul Wahab ◽  
Emiliano Rustighi ◽  
Zainudin A.
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Percentage Error ◽  
Initial Tension ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Soft Actuator ◽  
Average Percentage Error ◽  
Mechanical Dynamics

Various complex shapes of dielectric electro-active polymer (DEAP) actuator have been promoted for several types of applications. In this study, the actuation and mechanical dynamics characteristics of a new core free flat DEAP soft actuator were investigated. This actuator was developed by Danfoss PolyPower. DC voltage of up to 2000 V was supplied for identifying the actuation characteristics of the actuator and compare with the existing formula. The operational frequency of the actuator was determined by dynamic testing. Then, the soft actuator has been modelled as a uniform bar rigidly fixed at one end and attached to mass at another end. Results from the theoretical model were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the deformation of the current actuator was quadratic proportional to the voltage supplied. It was found that experimental results and theory were not in good agreement for low and high voltage with average percentage error are 104% and 20.7%, respectively. The resonance frequency of the actuator was near 14 Hz. Mass of load added, inhomogeneity and initial tension significantly affected the resonance frequency of the soft actuator. The experimental results were consistent with the theoretical model at zero load. However, due to inhomogeneity, the frequency response function’s plot underlines a poor prediction where the theoretical calculation was far from experimental results as values of load increasing with the average percentage error 15.7%. Hence, it shows the proposed analytical procedure not suitable to provide accurate natural frequency for the DEAP soft actuator.

Review of Fire Performance Experiment of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns

2014 ◽  
Vol 638-640 ◽  
pp. 1397-1401
Author(s):  
Kai Xiang ◽  
Guo Hui Wang ◽  
Yan Chong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Load Ratio ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fire Performance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tubular Columns ◽  
Cross Sectional Dimension ◽  
Cfst Columns ◽  
In Fire

This paper presents a review of research progress in fire performance of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns. Experimental results of CFST columns in fire are reviewed with influence parameters, such as heights, cross-sectional dimension, section types, concrete types, concrete strengths, load ratio, load eccentricity, fire exposed sides and so on. Some conclusions of CFST columns under fire conditions are summarized. Deficiencies in the fire performance experiments of CFST columns are identified, which provide the focus for future research in the field.

An Experimental Method for Fast Evaluating Thermoelectric Generators Using one pair of P- and N-type Legs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ting Zhao ◽  
Kewen Li ◽  
Yuhao Zhu ◽  
Lin Jia ◽  
Xiaoyong Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Temperature Difference ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Single Pair ◽  
Thermoelectric Generators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Temperature

Abstract Thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in many industries. The voltage and output power of TEG chips are critical indicators to evaluate the performance of TEGs. The conventional method is to directly test the output voltage and power of the whole TEG chip that contains 127 pairs of PN (P- and N-type) legs (127-PN-TEG). However, the assembling of these PN legs is very time-consuming. In order to reduce experimental time and the consumption of TEG materials, we proposed an experimental method. We developed the test apparatus for the rapid evaluation of TEG performance using a TEG chip with a single pair of PN legs (1-PN-TEG). We made several 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs using the same thermoelectric material (bismuth telluride). We then measured the voltage and the power of these 1-PN-TEGs and 127-PN-TEGs, respectively. The experimental results were compared and analyzed. The comparison showed that the voltage of 127-PN-TEG is equal to the voltage of 1-PN-TEG times 127, which implies that we could use the test data of 1-PN-TEG to evaluate the performance of 127-PN-TEG. Using the experimental device developed in this paper, we also studied the effects of the PN leg area (cross-sectional area of PN legs) and the pressure applied over the TEGs on the output power of 1-PN-TEG. The experimental results showed that the power per unit area decreases with an increase in the 1-PN-TEG's PN leg area when the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides was constant. Under a specific temperature difference conditions, the open-circuit voltage and the output power will increase with the pressure applied on the TEG chips.

Transmission Error in Helical Timing Belt Drives (Case of a Period of Pulley Pitch)

2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Kagotani ◽  
Hiroyuki Ueda ◽  
Tomio Koyama
Keyword(s):  
Helix Angle ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Face Advance ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Belt Drives ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
Synchronous Rotation ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Belt Width ◽  
Static Conditions

Helical timing belts have been developed in order to reduce the noise that occurs when conventional timing belts are driven. Helical timing belts are characterized by synchronous rotation. Although several studies have been performed to clarify the noise characteristics and belt life of helical timing belts, the transmission error of these belts remains unclear. In the present study, the transmission error having a period of one pitch of the pulley was investigated both theoretically and experimentally for helical timing belt drives. Experimental conditions were such that the transmission force acts on the helical timing belts under quasi-static conditions and the belt incurs belt climbing at the beginning of meshing and at the end of meshing. Experimental results obtained for the transmission error agreed closely with the computed results. The computed results revealed that helical timing belts can be analyzed as a set of very narrow belts for which the helix angle is zero. The transmission error was found to decrease when the helix angle or the belt width increase within a range defined such that the face advance is less than one belt pitch. In addition, there exists an appropriate installation tension that reduces the transmission error.

scholarly journals Circumferential Expansion Property of Composite Wrapping System for Main Cable Protection of Suspension Bridge

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Pengfei Cao ◽  
Hai Fang ◽  
Weiqing Liu ◽  
Yong Zhuang ◽  
Yuan Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Radial Displacement ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Suspension Bridge ◽  
Temperature Deformation ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Main Cable ◽  
Rubber Belt

A composite wrapping system for main cable protection of suspension bridges was designed by using prepreg fiber-reinforced composites and nitrile rubber. The circumferential expansion performance of the system was tested, and the curves of circumferential bearing capacity and radial displacement of the components were obtained. Failure modes of each group of components were compared and analyzed. The results show that most of the components are vertically fractured at the lap transition. The increase of the number of prepreg layers contributed the most to the circumferential bearing capacity of components, with a growth rate of 65.31%~109.01%. The increase of rubber belt layers had the most significant effect on the radial displacement of the components, with a growth rate of 7.06%~23.5%. In the initial stage of the test, the strain of each part of the component was smaller due to the compaction by the loading device, and the strain value of the component was generally linearly increased during the loading process, during which the strain of the overlap was the smallest. The calculated cross-sectional temperature deformation of the main cable is in good agreement with the experimental data. The application of the rubber belt increases the deformation of the main cable; therefore, the protection system for the main cable could have more deformation redundancy and delay the arrival of the ultimate strain of the outer prepreg wrap.

Transmission Error Calculation Based on Manufacturing Errors and Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 848-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jie Tang ◽  
Jin Yuan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Shape Change ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Gear Teeth ◽  
Error Calculation ◽  
Pitch Error ◽  
Great Consistency ◽  
Manufacturing Errors

A valid mathematic model is introduced to study the calculation of gear meshing transmission error, which is based on the manufacturing error and gear teeth deformation. Subsequently, take a pair of specific gear for example;The transmission error curves are obtained by the calculation model. The results show great consistency with the curves from Romax software, which indicates the validity and high accuracy of the mathematic model presented above. And it can be found that the shape change of transmission error curves affected mainly by the pitch error under the same conditions as the precision.

Double Helical Synchronous Belt Transmission Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 800-801 ◽  
pp. 672-677
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Guo ◽  
Hong Yuan Jiang ◽  
Yi Zhen Wu ◽  
Wen Ya Chu ◽  
Qing Xin Meng
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Contact Point ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Error ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Adjacent Area ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Belt Transmission

The meshing impact noise caused by the gradually engagement between double helical synchronous belt and the pulley was reduced due to its spiral angle effect. Therefore, double helical synchronous belt transmission receives much concern with its excellent characteristics of de-noising, low transmission error and high carrying capacity. The profiles of synchronous belt and belt pulley were studied based on conjugate-curvature high degree contact meshing theory under the circumstance that the pitch of belt and belt pulley are identical. The higher contact strength of the belt teeth and a smaller clearance in the contact point adjacent area were ensured with Hertz contact theory as the synchronous belt is in contact with pulley. And then a conjugated arc tooth profile with two-step contact and three-step adjacent gap infinitesimal was proposed based on the simple easy to processing method, which was adopted as main parameters for double synchronous belt and pulley’s normal teeth profile. The three-dimensional transmission model was built and the static nonlinear contact analysis was done with finite element software ANSYS. Finally, the noise experiment was conducted on the high speed test bench to compare the noise reduction effect between double helical synchronous belt and straight tooth timing belt with the identical end face profile. The simulation and experiment result show that the double helical synchronous belt transmission can reduce noise level by 11dB approximately compared with straight tooth timing belt transmission.

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