Studies on Onset of Ratcheting in Pipe Bends

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shanmuga Sundaram ◽  
G. Thanigaiyarasu ◽  
Manoj Kumar Palaniswamy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Modified Equation

This paper intends to provide an overview of various possibilities of ratcheting in pipelines subjected to cyclic thermal and mechanical loadings. The present work deals with review on results from the studies of research papers providing experimental data and analytical study on ratcheting. There has been no well-defined material model and analysis procedure to predict this phenomenon accurately. An analysis carried out on 2-inch NPS SS304 pipe bends with different thickness (Schedule 40 and Schedule 80) using ABAQUS, non-linear FEA software to predict the strain accumulation and their influences on ratcheting failure is presented. Also, a theoretical analysis to identify the onset of ratcheting in pipe bends using the modified equation of Edmunds and Beer is presented. The results and their inferences are included.

Studies on Onset of Ratcheting in Pipe Bends and Effect of Thickness on Strain Accumulation

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shanmuga Sundaram ◽  
G. Thanigaiyarasu ◽  
Manoj Kumar Palaniswamy
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Different Thickness

This paper intends to provide an overview of various possibilities of ratcheting in pipelines subjected to cyclic thermal and mechanical loadings. The present work deals with review on results from the studies of research papers providing experimental data and analytical study on ratcheting. There has been no well-defined material model and analysis procedure to predict this phenomenon accurately. An analysis carried out on 2-inch NPS SS304 pipe bends with different thickness (Schedule 40 and Schedule 80) using ABAQUS, non-linear FEA software to predict the strain accumulation and their influences on ratcheting failure is presented. The results and their inferences are included.

Correlation of Test and FEA Studies on Effect of Bend Radius and Thickness on Ratcheting in Pipe Bends Subjected to Internal Pressure and In-Plane Bending Moment

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shanmuga Sundaran ◽  
G. Thanigaiyarasu
Keyword(s):  
Internal Pressure ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Kinematic Hardening ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Analysis Procedure ◽  
Strain Accumulation ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Plane Bending ◽  
Selection Of

The paper deals with the results from the analytical study on ratcheting in pipe bends. There has been no well-defined material model and analysis procedure to predict this phenomenon accurately. A recent development in parameter selection of Chaboche’s Kinematic hardening model has resulted in close predictions in ratcheting analysis [15]. A problem has been selected from existing experimental results [16, 17] published in literature, and an analysis incorporating these parameters has been carried out and presented. The amount of stresses induced and strain accumulated in pipe bends with long and short radius and subjected to internal pressure and in-plane bending moment is studied. The results and their inferences are included. The analysis was carried out on 2-inch NPS SS304 pipe bends with different bend radius and two thickness (Schedule 40 and Schedule 80) using ABAQUS, non-linear FEA software to predict the strain accumulation and their influences on ratcheting failure is presented.

scholarly journals THE MOTIONS OF SMALL BOATS IN STANDING WAVES

1968 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Fredric Raichlen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Free Oscillation ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Free Oscillations ◽  
Storm Waves ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Mooring Dynamics

Some dynamical aspects of the surge motions of small boats moored asymmetrically with elastic non-linear restraints are discussed herein. In connection with the theoretical analysis of mooring dynamics, experiments were conducted to determine the periods of the free oscillations of a 26-ft boat moored in various ways in a floating slip. These results are in reasonable agreement with those predicted theoretically. An analytical study of the mooring dynamics of seven small boats indicated that the periods of free oscillation were less than about 10 sec. , hence, for these boats the important wave periods for forced oscillations would be in the range of those of storm waves.

Microdiffraction Patterns of Small Metallic Particles II; Theoretical Analysis

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 668-669
Author(s):  
A. Gómez ◽  
P. Schabes-Retchkiman ◽  
M. José-Yacamán ◽  
T. Ocaña
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Splitting Effect

The splitting effect that is observed in microdiffraction pat-terns of small metallic particles in the size range 50-500 Å can be understood using the dynamical theory of electron diffraction for the case of a crystal containing a finite wedge. For the experimental data we refer to part I of this work in these proceedings.

Diagnostics of metal samples using the results of experimental and theoretical study of positively charged microparticles formed upon sample destruction

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
D. A. Golentsov ◽  
A. G. Gulin ◽  
Vladimir A. Likhter ◽  
K. E. Ulybyshev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Total Charge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Using Data

Destruction of bodies is accompanied by formation of both large and microscopic fragments. Numerous experiments on the rupture of different samples show that those fragments carry a positive electric charge. his phenomenon is of interest from the viewpoint of its potential application to contactless diagnostics of the early stage of destruction of the elements in various technical devices. However, the lack of understanding the nature of this phenomenon restricts the possibility of its practical applications. Experimental studies were carried out using an apparatus that allowed direct measurements of the total charge of the microparticles formed upon sample rupture and determination of their size and quantity. The results of rupture tests of duralumin and electrical steel showed that the size of microparticles is several tens of microns, the particle charge per particle is on the order of 10–14 C, and their amount can be estimated as the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the sample at the point of discontinuity to the square of the microparticle size. A model of charge formation on the microparticles is developed proceeding from the experimental data and current concept of the electron gas in metals. The model makes it possible to determine the charge of the microparticle using data on the particle size and mechanical and electrical properties of the material. Model estimates of the total charge of particles show order-of-magnitude agreement with the experimental data.

scholarly journals Influence of the Porosity of Polymer Foams on the Performances of Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Bilent ◽  
Thi Hong Nhung Dinh ◽  
Emile Martincic ◽  
Pierre-Yves Joubert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Polymer Foams ◽  
First Order ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Flexible Pressure Sensors

This paper reports on the study of microporous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) foams as a highly deformable dielectric material used in the composition of flexible capacitive pressure sensors dedicated to wearable use. A fabrication process allowing the porosity of the foams to be adjusted was proposed and the fabricated foams were characterized. Then, elementary capacitive pressure sensors (15 × 15 mm2 square shaped electrodes) were elaborated with fabricated foams (5 mm or 10 mm thick) and were electromechanically characterized. Since the sensor responses under load are strongly non-linear, a behavioral non-linear model (first order exponential) was proposed, adjusted to the experimental data, and used to objectively estimate the sensor performances in terms of sensitivity and measurement range. The main conclusions of this study are that the porosity of the PDMS foams can be adjusted through the sugar:PDMS volume ratio and the size of sugar crystals used to fabricate the foams. Additionally, the porosity of the foams significantly modified the sensor performances. Indeed, compared to bulk PDMS sensors of the same size, the sensitivity of porous PDMS sensors could be multiplied by a factor up to 100 (the sensitivity is 0.14 %.kPa−1 for a bulk PDMS sensor and up to 13.7 %.kPa−1 for a porous PDMS sensor of the same dimensions), while the measurement range was reduced from a factor of 2 to 3 (from 594 kPa for a bulk PDMS sensor down to between 255 and 177 kPa for a PDMS foam sensor of the same dimensions, according to the porosity). This study opens the way to the design and fabrication of wearable flexible pressure sensors with adjustable performances through the control of the porosity of the fabricated PDMS foams.

Concrete Modeling for Extreme Wave Slam Events

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Wåsjø ◽  
Terje P. Stavang ◽  
Tore H. Søreide
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Time Domain Analysis ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Capacity Control ◽  
Extreme Wave ◽  
Conventional Design ◽  
Non Linear

Experience from model tests has initiated a growing attention towards extreme wave slam as a critical load situation for offshore large volume structures. Most of the problem is related to the local slam pressure, which may go up to several MPa’s for 100-year and 10 000-year waves. The paper deals with modeling techniques for marine concrete structures under extreme slam loading from waves where dynamic effects together with material softening play a major role for the response. Different analysis approaches for ultimate limit state (ULS) and accidental limit state (ALS) controls are discussed in view of reliability philosophy as basis for conventional design approach. The present paper is devoted to the local impact scenario and the alternative approaches for response and capacity control involving non-linear time domain analyses. Conventional design schemes as based on linear elastic models for response calculation together with code specified capacity control often come out more conservative than non-linear approach. The paper demonstrates by case studies how softening of the structure in general reduces the response in terms of section forces. A key issue when going from conventional linear approaches into non-linear techniques is to still keep an acceptable reliability level on the capacity control. Load and material factors are normally based on structures with limited non-linearity where linear response modeling is representative. Implementing non-linear material model in time domain analysis has a major challenge in limiting the sensitivity in response and capacity calculation. The paper demonstrates the way material model of concrete affects the section forces to go into local capacity control, and concludes on needed sensitivity analyses. Practical approaches on the concrete slam problem together with resulting utilizations from the control are demonstrated. The full non-linear technique by response and capacity control in one analysis is also handled, using average material parameters and justifying safety factors for the effect of implementing characteristic lower strength of concrete in the capacity. The paper ends up in a recommendation on non-linear time domain analysis procedure for typically slam problems. A discussion is also given on applicable design codes with attention to non-linear analysis.

A Dynamic Test of Fully Prestressed Concrete Beams

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 2483-2490
Author(s):  
Yao Ting Zhang ◽  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Hong Jian Li
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Modified Formula

A dynamic test of two unbonded fully prestressed concrete beams has been conducted. The results indicate that the natural frequency of beams increases with the prestress force, which is opposite to the analytical arguments for homogeneous and isotropic beams subject to axial force. This paper explains the change in frequencies by discussing the change in the elastic modulus. A modified formula is also proposed, and the experimental data agree well with the theoretical analysis.

Application of non-linear turbulence models in an engine-type flow configuration

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 449-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Son ◽  
T. A. Shethaji ◽  
C. J. Rutland ◽  
H Barths ◽  
A Lippert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Renormalization Group ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Modest Improvement ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Standard Linear ◽  
Simple Flows ◽  
Engine Type

Three non-linear k-ε models were implemented into the multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code GMTEC with the purpose of comparing them with existing linear k-ε models including renormalization group variations. The primary focus of the present study is to evaluate the potential of these non-linear models in engineering applications such as the internal combustion engine. The square duct flow and the backwards-facing step flow were two simple test cases chosen for which experimental data are available for comparison. Successful simulations for these cases were followed by simulations of an engine-type intake flow to evaluate the performance of the non-linear models in comparison with experimental data and the standard linear k-ε models as well as two renormalization group types. All the non-linear models are found to be an improvement over the standard linear model, but mostly in simple flows. For more complex flows, such as the engine-type case, only the cubic non-linear models appear to make a modest improvement in the mean flow but without any improvement in the root-mean-square values. These improvements are overshadowed by the stiffness of the cubic models and the requirements for smaller time steps. The contributions of each non-linear term to the Reynolds stress tensor are analysed in detail in order to identify the different characteristics of the different non-linear models for engine intake flows.

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