A Framework for the Evaluation of Resource Efficiency in Automotive Embedded Systems

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Persson ◽  
Ha˚kan Gustavsson
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Future Work

This article discusses the resource utilization of embedded systems in the automotive industry. Traditionally, the major cost driver — or resource input — has been regarded as the hardware cost. Issues such as software development costs and maintenance costs have historically been neglected. In order to address this, the article embraces the more comprehensive view on resources that a resource can be regarded as anything which could be thought of as a strength or weakness of a given firm. In this article the major drivers of resource consumption are identified. The work has also included several interviews with employees in order to find empirical data of the embedded systems in vehicles. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the resource efficiency of user functions implemented through the embedded system. By the use of Data Envelopment Analysis — which has proven to be a useful method — the resource utilization of six user functions is evaluated. Future work of particular interest would be to perform a more extensive case study.

scholarly journals The Design of a 2D Graphics Accelerator for Embedded Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Ji Kwang Kim ◽  
Gwan Beom Hwang ◽  
Seung Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Line Drawing ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Embedded Processor ◽  
Processor Core ◽  
Field Programmable ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Graphics Processing

Recently, advances in technology have enabled embedded systems to be adopted for a variety of applications. Some of these applications require real-time 2D graphics processing running on limited design specifications such as low power consumption and a small area. In order to satisfy such conditions, including a specific 2D graphics accelerator in the embedded system is an effective method. This method reduces the workload of the processor in the embedded system by exploiting the accelerator. The accelerator assists the system to perform 2D graphics processing in real-time. Therefore, a variety of applications that require 2D graphics processing can be implemented with an embedded processor. In this paper, we present a 2D graphics accelerator for tiny embedded systems. The accelerator includes an optimized line-drawing operation based on Bresenham’s algorithm. The optimized operation enables the accelerator to deal with various kinds of 2D graphics processing and to perform the line-drawing instead of the system processor. Moreover, the accelerator also distributes the workload of the processor core by removing the need for the core to access the frame buffer memory. We measure the performance of the accelerator by implementing the processor, including the accelerator, on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and ascertaining the possibility of realization by synthesizing using the 180 nm CMOS process.

UML as Front-End Language for Embedded Systems Design

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Lisane Brisolara de Brisolara ◽  
Marcio Eduardo Kreutz ◽  
Luigi Carro
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uml Diagrams ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter covers the use of UML as a modeling language for embedded systems design. It introduces the UML language, presenting the history of its definition, its main diagrams and characteristics. Using a case study, we show that using the standard UML with its limitations one is not able to model many important characteristics of embedded systems. For that reason, UML provides extension mechanisms that enable one to extend the language for a given domain, through the definition of profiles covering domain-specific applications. Several profiles have been proposed for the embedded systems domain, and some of those that have been standardized by OMG are presented here. A case study is also used to present MARTE, a new profile specifically proposed for the embedded system domain, enabling designers to model aspects like performance and schedulability. This chapter also presents a discussion about the effort to generate code from UML diagrams and analyses the open issues to the successful use of UML in the whole embedded system design flow.

scholarly journals Implementing Dynamically Evolvable Communication with Embedded Systems through WEB Services

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 381
Author(s):  
Sasi Bhanu Jammalamadaka ◽  
Vinaya Babu A ◽  
Trimurthy A
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Web Services ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Elementary Level ◽  
Online Testing ◽  
Critical System ◽  
Level Of Details ◽  
Architectural Models ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
And Control

<p>Embedded systems that monitor and control safety and mission critical system are communicated with by a HOST located at a remote location through Internet. Such kind of embedded systems are developed to be dynamically evolvable with respect to syntax, semantics, online testing and communication subsystems. All these systems are to be dynamically evolvable and the components needed for evolution are also to be added into the embedded system. Architectural  models describe  various components using which dynamically evolvable sub-systems are realised through implementation by using specific and related technologies. Implementation system describe the platform, code units and the interlacing of various processes/tasks to the elementary level of details. WEB services place an excellent platform for implementing dynamically evolvable  systems due to the use of open standards.</p><p> </p><p>This paper presents an implementation system that is related to dynamically evolvable communication and other sub-systems using web services technologies.</p>

Design of a Random Test Platform for DSP Serials Used in Embedded Systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Chi Pin Wei ◽  
Zhao Lin Li ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zhi Xiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Functional Verification ◽  
Test Program ◽  
Random Test ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
The Embedded System

Embedded systems with digital signal processor (DSP) become more and more popular for the increasing requirement of supercomputing these days. Efficient development of DSP serials used in embedded systems shortens the embedded system R&D cycle. Functional verification is one of the most complex and expensive tasks during DSP serials design process. A random test platform which is urged for DSP serials verification is proposed in this paper. The platform can automatically generate the random test program. The platform also realized the recording and checking of simulation results, which make the verification more effective. In order to improve the efficiency of DSP verification, a testing experience library has been generated through the testing procedure. This platform can be transplanted for different DSP models easily by updating few modules. According to the verification results, this platform has satisfactory coverage of DSP models.

scholarly journals Biomedical Applications with Using Embedded Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulcicek Dere
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Commercial Applications

Besides the use of embedded systems in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, industrial, telecommunication, military, and many other commercial applications, and the other applications in the field of medical and biomedical are becoming increasingly common. Embedded system applications are increasing not only with designs on devices or with clothing, factories, medical and military equipments, portable devices, but also with applications such as ‘mobile worlds’ and ‘e-worlds’, Artificial Intelligence and IoT (Internet of things) with the possibility to make all kinds of software on them. In recent years, with the rise of infectious diseases such as the Covid 19 virus, there is a growing need for telemedicine applications such as diagnosis, prognosis and patient management. Embedded system technologies have occupied an important area in biomedical technology. Especially, to develop tools for the purposes of increasing the safety of healthcare workers in the event of epidemic infectious diseases in processes such as pandemics. For this purpose, monitoring of patients discharged from hospitals at home or non-intensive care beds during quarantine, or isolated in their homes, outpatient, and mildly ill, remotely, instantly, safely and quickly, are becoming increasingly important. In this section, we will give an overview of the embedded system structure and applications.

scholarly journals A METHOD OF PREDICTING THE MAINTENANCE PERIOD OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOR PREVENTING BREACH OF THEIR TIME REQUIREMENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Dmytro Fedasyuk ◽  
Tetyana Marusenkova ◽  
Ratybor Chopey
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Response Time ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Execution Time ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Maintenance Period ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
The Embedded System

The work deals with a significant problem of ensuring that the execution time of a firmware running inside a microcontroller-based real-time embedded system never goes out of its expected range, no matter for how long the embedded system has been used. Once having been tested before the first usage, a newly created embedded system is gradually getting slower in its response, due to the fact that its hardware components get worn-out with aging. A possible solution is a replacement of the hardware components that most contribute to such a change in the response time of the embedded system. If such a replacement takes place too far in advance, long before hardware components actually start showing any decline in their response time, the above-mentioned solution is cost-ineffective and impractical, as it leads to a waste of equipment and efforts. We introduce a method for predicting the appropriate maintenance period of a real-time embedded system on the basis of the characteristics of its hardware components.

scholarly journals DESIGN MODELS FOR EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND SENSOR NETWORKS

2010 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Zdravko Karakehayov
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Hardware Complexity ◽  
Distributed Embedded Systems ◽  
Distributed Architectures ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
The Embedded System

This paper introduces a hierarchical design model for embedded systems which includes models of the application, the embedded system and the resources. The application model deals with locations to better describe distributed architectures. A location-driven method for design of distributed embedded systems is proposed as a direct extension of the design model. The method allows to benefit from fuzzy relationships between I/O variables and locations. An example shows a 29% reduction of the hardware complexity measured in number of pins. In case of wireless links the model allows sensor networks to gradually emerge as a class of embedded systems.

scholarly journals Simulator Proses Pengisian dan Pemasangan Tutup Botol Terkendali PLC Berbantuan Miniatur Konveyor

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-782
Author(s):  
Anang Dwi Purnomo ◽  
Arief Goeritno ◽  
Danang Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Filling Process ◽  
Output Side ◽  
The Operating Mechanism ◽  
The Embedded System

A miniature conveyor machine assisted by embedded systems and controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been fabricated with the operating mechanism is based on the detection of two different colors. The objectives of this research are to obtain a miniature machine is controlled by the PLC system, create a ladder diagram-based program structure, and measure the performance of the embedded system. Obtaining the machine is carried out through assembly of the conveyor frame, installation of all devices, and integrated wiring. The programming for the Omron PLC system is based on providing the CX-Programmer 64 bits, establishing algorithms and compiling ladder diagrams, and compiling and uploading processes. The performance measurement includes synchronization conditions between the simulator and the control system, observations of the readings of installed sensors for activating all devices on the output side, and observing the measurement of the filling process time and the installation of bottle caps assisted by the pneumatic system. The results of the performance during the process of filling and installing the lid obtained a success rate of 75%, based on four trials, three successes, and one failure. The general conclusion is that the embedded system that has been built can be used as a simulator for the mechanism of filling liquid into bottles and installing bottle caps, and it is as an implementation of instrumentation and automation processes.  

Hybrid Simulation Based Approach for Embedded Systems Reliability Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Afifa Ghenai ◽  
Mohamed Benmohammed
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Reachability Graph ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Java Code

This paper describes a reliability approach based on a coupling of discrete and continuous dynamics simulation of embedded systems. This hybrid simulation is a combination in the same formalism of the discrete simulation of an algorithm allowing the extraction of feared scenarios that lead an embedded system to a critical situation without generating the associated reachability graph in order to avoid the eternal combinative explosion problem, and, the continuous dynamics of the embedded system represented by a Java code. The simulation of discrete and continuous dynamics is coupled in object-oriented stopwatch Petri net models that allow the representation of the suspension and resumption of task execution.

Knowledge-Based Code Clone Approach in Embedded and Real-Time Systems

2013 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
Anupama Surendran ◽  
Philip Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Embedded Software ◽  
Code Clones ◽  
Knowledge Repository ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Code Clone ◽  
The Embedded System ◽  
Time Systems

Even though human beings are using computers in their day-to-day activities, the terms embedded and real-time systems have received much attention only in the last few years, and they have become an inevitable part of our daily activities. The most evident and highlighted feature of embedded systems is the consideration of time. The significance of time constraints in designing each and every feature of embedded systems has made the software and hardware of embedded systems more complicated and entirely different from ordinary systems. Due to these reasons, several challenges exist in developing and maintaining embedded and real time software. Increase in complexity of the embedded system code increases the chance of occurrence of defects in the embedded software. Failure to deliver the software within the stipulated time, economic constraints faced during the development and the maintenance phase, inadequate testing, design of improper code and its reuse are some of the issues faced during the embedded system software development phase. In this chapter, the authors suggest a knowledge-based approach in managing the issues that arise during the coding and testing phase of embedded and real-time software. Program slicing is used to detect the code clones present in the embedded software, and a knowledge repository of code clones is created. This code clone knowledge repository is utilized during the coding and testing phase of real-time and embedded software, which in turn improves the whole software development process.

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