scholarly journals Biomedical Applications with Using Embedded Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gulcicek Dere

Besides the use of embedded systems in the field of electrical and electronics engineering, industrial, telecommunication, military, and many other commercial applications, and the other applications in the field of medical and biomedical are becoming increasingly common. Embedded system applications are increasing not only with designs on devices or with clothing, factories, medical and military equipments, portable devices, but also with applications such as ‘mobile worlds’ and ‘e-worlds’, Artificial Intelligence and IoT (Internet of things) with the possibility to make all kinds of software on them. In recent years, with the rise of infectious diseases such as the Covid 19 virus, there is a growing need for telemedicine applications such as diagnosis, prognosis and patient management. Embedded system technologies have occupied an important area in biomedical technology. Especially, to develop tools for the purposes of increasing the safety of healthcare workers in the event of epidemic infectious diseases in processes such as pandemics. For this purpose, monitoring of patients discharged from hospitals at home or non-intensive care beds during quarantine, or isolated in their homes, outpatient, and mildly ill, remotely, instantly, safely and quickly, are becoming increasingly important. In this section, we will give an overview of the embedded system structure and applications.


Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 469
Author(s):  
Hyun Woo Oh ◽  
Ji Kwang Kim ◽  
Gwan Beom Hwang ◽  
Seung Eun Lee

Recently, advances in technology have enabled embedded systems to be adopted for a variety of applications. Some of these applications require real-time 2D graphics processing running on limited design specifications such as low power consumption and a small area. In order to satisfy such conditions, including a specific 2D graphics accelerator in the embedded system is an effective method. This method reduces the workload of the processor in the embedded system by exploiting the accelerator. The accelerator assists the system to perform 2D graphics processing in real-time. Therefore, a variety of applications that require 2D graphics processing can be implemented with an embedded processor. In this paper, we present a 2D graphics accelerator for tiny embedded systems. The accelerator includes an optimized line-drawing operation based on Bresenham’s algorithm. The optimized operation enables the accelerator to deal with various kinds of 2D graphics processing and to perform the line-drawing instead of the system processor. Moreover, the accelerator also distributes the workload of the processor core by removing the need for the core to access the frame buffer memory. We measure the performance of the accelerator by implementing the processor, including the accelerator, on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and ascertaining the possibility of realization by synthesizing using the 180 nm CMOS process.



Author(s):  
Lisane Brisolara de Brisolara ◽  
Marcio Eduardo Kreutz ◽  
Luigi Carro

This chapter covers the use of UML as a modeling language for embedded systems design. It introduces the UML language, presenting the history of its definition, its main diagrams and characteristics. Using a case study, we show that using the standard UML with its limitations one is not able to model many important characteristics of embedded systems. For that reason, UML provides extension mechanisms that enable one to extend the language for a given domain, through the definition of profiles covering domain-specific applications. Several profiles have been proposed for the embedded systems domain, and some of those that have been standardized by OMG are presented here. A case study is also used to present MARTE, a new profile specifically proposed for the embedded system domain, enabling designers to model aspects like performance and schedulability. This chapter also presents a discussion about the effort to generate code from UML diagrams and analyses the open issues to the successful use of UML in the whole embedded system design flow.



Author(s):  
Sasi Bhanu Jammalamadaka ◽  
Vinaya Babu A ◽  
Trimurthy A

<p>Embedded systems that monitor and control safety and mission critical system are communicated with by a HOST located at a remote location through Internet. Such kind of embedded systems are developed to be dynamically evolvable with respect to syntax, semantics, online testing and communication subsystems. All these systems are to be dynamically evolvable and the components needed for evolution are also to be added into the embedded system. Architectural  models describe  various components using which dynamically evolvable sub-systems are realised through implementation by using specific and related technologies. Implementation system describe the platform, code units and the interlacing of various processes/tasks to the elementary level of details. WEB services place an excellent platform for implementing dynamically evolvable  systems due to the use of open standards.</p><p> </p><p>This paper presents an implementation system that is related to dynamically evolvable communication and other sub-systems using web services technologies.</p>



Author(s):  
Erik Persson ◽  
Ha˚kan Gustavsson

This article discusses the resource utilization of embedded systems in the automotive industry. Traditionally, the major cost driver — or resource input — has been regarded as the hardware cost. Issues such as software development costs and maintenance costs have historically been neglected. In order to address this, the article embraces the more comprehensive view on resources that a resource can be regarded as anything which could be thought of as a strength or weakness of a given firm. In this article the major drivers of resource consumption are identified. The work has also included several interviews with employees in order to find empirical data of the embedded systems in vehicles. This paper proposes a method to evaluate the resource efficiency of user functions implemented through the embedded system. By the use of Data Envelopment Analysis — which has proven to be a useful method — the resource utilization of six user functions is evaluated. Future work of particular interest would be to perform a more extensive case study.



2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
ALEXANDRE MARCHANT

Résumé:  La continentalisation et la mondialisation du trafic de drogue dans les Amériques semble avoir débuté avec l”™émergence des grands cartels colombiens et mexicains dans les années 1980. Elles plongent en réalité leurs racines dans le systá¨me mis en place des années auparavant par les mafias marseillaises exportatrices d”™héroá¯ne dans le Nouveau Monde au temps de la  French Connection. Du sud au nord du continent, des criminels français expatriés ont institué des réseaux, des itinéraires et des pratiques qui ne disparurent pas du jour au lendemain avec l”™effondrement de la filiá¨re française au début des années 1970. Bien au contraire, les cartels naissants de la cocaá¯ne ont cherché á  intégrer d”™anciens trafiquants de la  French Connection  pour mettre á  profit leur savoir-faire, avant de perfectionner leurs méthodes pour aboutir á  de nouveaux équilibres entre Amériques et Europe dans le trafic international de stupéfiants au tournant des années 1980-1990.Mots-clefs:  Trafic. Mafia. Cartel. «FRENCH CONNECTIONS NA AMÉRICA LATINA »:  nas raá­zes dos circuitos contemporá¢neos da droga.  Resumo:  A continentalização e a mundialização do tráfico de droga nas Américas parecem ter começado com a emergência dos grandes cartéis colombianos e mexicanos nos anos 1980. Mas, na realidade, elas se enraizaram, muitos anos antes, no sistema implantado, pelas máfias marselhesas exportadoras de heroá­na no Novo Mundo, nos tempos da  French Connection. Do sul ao norte do continente, criminosos franceses expatriados instituá­ram redes, itinerários e práticas que não desapareceram do dia para a noite com a queda da filial francesa no começo dos anos 1970. Ao contrário, os cartéis nascentes da cocaá­na buscaram integrar antigos traficantes da  French Connection  para tirar proveito de suas experiências, antes mesmo de aperfeiçoarem seus métodos, para alcançar novos equilá­brios entre Américas e Europa no tráfico internacional de entorpecentes na virada dos anos 1980-1990.Palavras-chave:  Tráfico. Máfia. Cartel. «  FRENCH CONNECTIONS IN LATIN  AMERICA »:  at the roots of drug contemporary routes.Abstract:  Continentalization and globalization of drug trafficking in the Americas seem to have begun with the emergence of Colombian and Mexican cartels in the 1980s. However, in reality they were entrenched many years before in the embedded system by the Mafias from Marselha which were exporters of heroin in the ”New World” throughout the period of the  French Connection. From the south to the north of the continent, expatriate French criminals instituted networks, itineraries and practices, which did not abruptly disappear with the collapse of the French branch in the early 1970s. On the other hand, cocaine's emerging cartels sought to integrate former French Connection traffickers to take advantage of their experiences, before perfecting their methods to achieve new equilibrium between Americas and Europe with the international traffic of drugs during the years 1980-1990.Keywords:  Traffic. Mafia. Cartel.     «FRENCH CONNECTIONS EN AMÉRICA LATINA »:  en las raá­ces de los circuitos contemporáneos de la droga.  Resumen:  La continentalización y la mundialización del tráfico de drogas en las Américas parecen haber comenzado con la emergencia de los grandes carteles colombianos y mexicanos en los años 1980. Pero, en realidad, se enraizaron, muchos años antes, en el sistema implantado por las mafias marsellesas exportadoras de heroá­na en el Nuevo Mundo, en los tiempos de  French Connection.  Del sur al norte del continente, criminosos franceses expatriados establecieron redes, itinerarios y prácticas que no desaparecieron del dá­a para la noche con la caá­da de la filial francesa a principios de los años 1970. Al contrario, los carteles nacientes de la cocaá­na buscaron integrar a antiguos traficantes de la  French Connection  para aprovechar sus experiencias, antes incluso de perfeccionar sus métodos, para alcanzar nuevos equilibrios entre Américas y Europa en el tráfico internacional de estupefacientes en el cambio de los años 1980-1990.Palabras clave: Tráfico. Mafia. Cartel.  



2011 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Chi Pin Wei ◽  
Zhao Lin Li ◽  
Hao Liu ◽  
Zhi Xiang Chen

Embedded systems with digital signal processor (DSP) become more and more popular for the increasing requirement of supercomputing these days. Efficient development of DSP serials used in embedded systems shortens the embedded system R&D cycle. Functional verification is one of the most complex and expensive tasks during DSP serials design process. A random test platform which is urged for DSP serials verification is proposed in this paper. The platform can automatically generate the random test program. The platform also realized the recording and checking of simulation results, which make the verification more effective. In order to improve the efficiency of DSP verification, a testing experience library has been generated through the testing procedure. This platform can be transplanted for different DSP models easily by updating few modules. According to the verification results, this platform has satisfactory coverage of DSP models.



2018 ◽  
pp. 94-101
Author(s):  
Dmytro Fedasyuk ◽  
Tetyana Marusenkova ◽  
Ratybor Chopey

The work deals with a significant problem of ensuring that the execution time of a firmware running inside a microcontroller-based real-time embedded system never goes out of its expected range, no matter for how long the embedded system has been used. Once having been tested before the first usage, a newly created embedded system is gradually getting slower in its response, due to the fact that its hardware components get worn-out with aging. A possible solution is a replacement of the hardware components that most contribute to such a change in the response time of the embedded system. If such a replacement takes place too far in advance, long before hardware components actually start showing any decline in their response time, the above-mentioned solution is cost-ineffective and impractical, as it leads to a waste of equipment and efforts. We introduce a method for predicting the appropriate maintenance period of a real-time embedded system on the basis of the characteristics of its hardware components.



2010 ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Zdravko Karakehayov

This paper introduces a hierarchical design model for embedded systems which includes models of the application, the embedded system and the resources. The application model deals with locations to better describe distributed architectures. A location-driven method for design of distributed embedded systems is proposed as a direct extension of the design model. The method allows to benefit from fuzzy relationships between I/O variables and locations. An example shows a 29% reduction of the hardware complexity measured in number of pins. In case of wireless links the model allows sensor networks to gradually emerge as a class of embedded systems.



2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-782
Author(s):  
Anang Dwi Purnomo ◽  
Arief Goeritno ◽  
Danang Adi Nugroho

A miniature conveyor machine assisted by embedded systems and controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) has been fabricated with the operating mechanism is based on the detection of two different colors. The objectives of this research are to obtain a miniature machine is controlled by the PLC system, create a ladder diagram-based program structure, and measure the performance of the embedded system. Obtaining the machine is carried out through assembly of the conveyor frame, installation of all devices, and integrated wiring. The programming for the Omron PLC system is based on providing the CX-Programmer 64 bits, establishing algorithms and compiling ladder diagrams, and compiling and uploading processes. The performance measurement includes synchronization conditions between the simulator and the control system, observations of the readings of installed sensors for activating all devices on the output side, and observing the measurement of the filling process time and the installation of bottle caps assisted by the pneumatic system. The results of the performance during the process of filling and installing the lid obtained a success rate of 75%, based on four trials, three successes, and one failure. The general conclusion is that the embedded system that has been built can be used as a simulator for the mechanism of filling liquid into bottles and installing bottle caps, and it is as an implementation of instrumentation and automation processes.  



2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
S.I. Alpert ◽  
◽  
M.I. Alpert ◽  
P.Yu. Katin ◽  
N.O. Litvinova ◽  
...  

Due to modern microcomputers and platforms based on microprocessors such as, for example, Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Nano Pi, Rock Pi, Banana Pi, Asus Tinker Board – the development of prototypes of em-bedded systems is possible in a «design» mode. The software part is implemented on the basis of operat-ing systems and standard technologies based on well-known programming languages such as C / C++, Python, C#, Java, etc. In such case the control channel for the embedded system can be either imple-mented via a web service separated by a communication channel or controlled independently. It is im-portant to understand that creating an embedded system on a standard platform is much more expensive than buying a ready-made mass-produced device with the same functionality. Therefore, it makes sense to use platforms like the Raspberry Pi mainly for individual artificial devices. If it is necessary to build a project of embedded systems and there is a problem with choosing a hardware platform for the client side, then currently there is a wide range of boards and solutions for building an efficient and inexpen-sive system using ready-made modules. The number of expansion cards and various sensors, video cam-eras, internet connection via Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth provides a wide range of opportunities for building almost any solution based on this component base. The foundation can be made within a small budget, with minimal time spent, using large blocks and ready-made libraries for programming embed-ded systems. This article presents the results of research and development work on the creation of a software and hardware infrastructure of a terrestrial platform with the elements of artificial intelligence. Based on the actual results of the research, a deployment diagram and a component diagram of such an infrastructure have been constructed.



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