Investigation of Degradation Signature for Hard Disk Drives Using Vibration and Acoustic Emission Sensors

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Zeid ◽  
Sagar Kamarthi ◽  
Yogesh Bagul
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Acoustic Emission Sensors ◽  
Sensor Signals ◽  
Useful Life

The hard disk drive (HDD) is a critical component of any computer system. The performance of a computer system largely depends on the performance and health of its HDD. This paper investigates degradation signatures for the estimation of remaining useful life and the assessment of health of a HDD. Most of the mechanical faults in a HDD results in head-disk collision or friction. As a HDD ages, it may experience gradual damage to the head and scratches on the disk. One can expect that changes in the condition of head and disk may result in comparable changes in the characteristics of HDD vibration and acoustic emission signals. Based on this premise, this research conducted experiments on HDDs subject to accelerated deterioration. HDDs are monitored through vibration and acoustic emission sensors. Extracting features from these sensor signals, HDD degradation signatures are created. The results indicate that though degradation signatures exhibit a gradual trend with HDD aging, accurate assessment remaining useful life and health are not possible using these degradation signatures. Poor signal to noise ratio is the main impediment in this approach. The conclusion is that the best vibration and acoustic sensors available for this application are neither sensitive nor selective enough to capture the changes in the head and the disk of an aging HDD.

Remaining Useful Life Estimation of Hard Disk Drives based on Deep Neural Networks

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Dione S. Lima ◽  
Francisco Lucas F. Pereira ◽  
Lucas G. M. Leite ◽  
Joao Paulo P. Gomes ◽  
Javam C. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Life Estimation ◽  
Useful Life

Sounds and acoustic emission-based early fault diagnosis of induction motor: A review study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168781402199691
Author(s):  
Omar AlShorman ◽  
Fahad Alkahatni ◽  
Mahmoud Masadeh ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Adam Glowacz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Induction Motor ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Public Datasets ◽  
Fatigue Detection ◽  
Types Of Faults

Nowadays, condition-based maintenance (CBM) and fault diagnosis (FD) of rotating machinery (RM) has a vital role in the modern industrial world. However, the remaining useful life (RUL) of machinery is crucial for continuous monitoring and timely maintenance. Moreover, reduced maintenance costs, enhanced safety, efficiency, reliability, and availability are the main important industrial issues to maintain valuable and high-cost machinery. Undoubtedly, induction motor (IM) is considered to be a pivotal component in industrial machines. Recently, acoustic emission (AE) becomes a very accurate and efficient method for fault, leaks and fatigue detection and monitoring techniques. Moreover, CM and FD based on the AE of IM have been growing over recent years. The proposed research study aims to review condition monitoring (CM) and fault diagnosis (FD) studies based on sound and AE for four types of faults: bearings, rotor, stator, and compound. The study also points out the advantages and limitations of using sound and AE analysis in CM and FD. Existing public datasets for AE based analysis for CM and FD of IM are also mentioned. Finally, challenges facing AE based CM and FD for RM, especially for IM, and possible future works are addressed in this study.

Superlubricity Relevant in Hard Disk Drive Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Mo Zhang ◽  
Cuong-C. Vu ◽  
Qun-Yang Li ◽  
Norio Tagawa ◽  
Quan-Shui Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Hard Disk Drive ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Force Sensor ◽  
Lubricant Layer ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
Crystalline Graphite

Reduction of head-media spacing (HMS) keeps crucial during the increase of areal density of hard disk drives (HDD). The design of hard disk drive with a superlubric interface is reported with two schemes for HDI design to realize superlubricity. For the first scheme, the DLC layer is kept on the disk while removing the lubricant layer. The DLC layer on the transducer is replaced by graphene-like layer. The direct contact between head and disk could reduce the HMS to about 2.3 nm. For the second scheme, the DLC layer on disk is further replaced by graphene and the HMS could be reduced to below 1 nm. For the first scheme, the basic proof of concept experiments are conducted using micro-scale graphite island samples. Ultralow COF, with the average of 0.0344 on the interface of single crystalline graphite surface and DLC substrate is demonstrated by AFM. What’s more, the temperature dependence of friction between single crystalline graphite and DLC is measured by micro-force sensor mounted on micro-manipulator. The results show that heating helps to significantly decrease the friction. Desorption of contaminants along the interface is speculated to be the key mechanism for temperature dependence of friction. This work provides the concept of large-scale superlubricity relevant in HDD applications, which could be a promising technology to ultimately reduce HMS for future HDI development.

scholarly journals Strain Sensing With Piezoelectric Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Vibration Suppression in Hard Disk Drives

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Felix ◽  
Stanley Kon ◽  
Jianbin Nie ◽  
Roberto Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Suppression ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
H2 Control ◽  
Hard Drives ◽  
Optimization Methodology

This paper describes the integration of thin film ZnO strain sensors onto hard disk drive suspensions for improved vibration suppression for tracking control. Sensor location was designed using an efficient optimization methodology based on linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) control. Sensors were fabricated directly onto steel wafers that were subsequently made into instrumented suspensions. Prototype instrumented suspensions were installed into commercial hard drives and tested. For the first time, a sensing signal was successfully obtained while the suspension was flying on a disk as in normal drive operation. Preliminary models were identified from experimental transfer functions. Nominal H2 control simulations demonstrated improved vibration suppression as a result of both the better resolution and higher sensing rate provided by the sensors.

scholarly journals Design and Implementation of Dual-Stage Track-Following Control for Hard Disk Drives

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbin Nie ◽  
Roberto Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Servo System ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Disk Drives ◽  
Outer Loop ◽  
Servo Systems ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Integral Action ◽  
Dual Stage

This paper discusses the design and implementation of two track-following controllers for dual-stage hard disk drive servo systems. The first controller is designed by combining an outer loop sensitivity-decoupling (SD) controller with an inner loop disturbance observer (DOB). The second is designed by combining mixed H2/H∞ synthesis techniques with an add-on integral action. The designed controllers were implemented and evaluated on a disk drive with a PZT-actuated suspension-based dual-stage servo system. Position error signal (PES) for the servo system was obtained by measuring the slider displacement with an LDV and injecting a simulated track runout.

Diamond-Coated Mechanical Seal Remaining Useful Life Prediction Based on Convolution Neural Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 2051007
Author(s):  
Zhibin Lin ◽  
Hongli Gao ◽  
Erqing Zhang ◽  
Weiqing Cao ◽  
Kesi Li
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Mechanical Seal ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Petroleum Chemical ◽  
Useful Life

Reliable remaining useful life (RUL) prediction of industrial equipment key components is of considerable importance in condition-based maintenance to avoid catastrophic failure, promote reliability and reduce cost during the production. Diamond-coated mechanical seal is one of the most critical wearing components in petroleum chemical, nuclear power and other process industries. Estimating the RUL is of critical importance. We consider the data-driven approaches for diamond-coated mechanical seal RUL estimation based on AE sensor data, since it is difficult to construct an explicit mathematical degradation model of seal. The challenges of this work are dealing with the noisy AE sensor data and modeling the degradation process with fluctuation. Faced with these challenges, we propose a pipeline method CDF-CNN to estimate the RUL for mechanical seal: WPD-KLD to raise the signal-to-noise ratio, novel CDF-based statistics to represent seal degradation process and CNN structure to estimate RUL. To acquire AE sensor data, several diamond-coated seals are tested from new to failure in three working conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can accurately predict the RUL of diamond-coated mechanical seal based on AE signals. The proposed prediction method can be generalized to other various mechanical assets.

Optimization of Air Bearing Contours for Shock Performance of a Hard Disk Drive

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M. Jayson ◽  
Frank E. Talke
Keyword(s):  
Hard Disk Drive ◽  
Hard Disk Drives ◽  
Hard Disk ◽  
Disk Drive ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Air Bearing ◽  
Disk Interface ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Shock Event

Hard disk drives must be designed to withstand shock during operation. Large movements of the slider during shock impulse can cause reading and writing errors, track misregistration, or in extreme cases, damage to the magnetic material and loss of data. The design of the air bearing contour determines the steady state flying conditions of the slider as well as dynamic flying conditions, including shock response. In this paper a finite element model of the hard disk drive mechanical components was developed to determine the time dependent forces and moments applied to the slider during a shock event. The time dependent forces and moments are applied as external loads in a solution of the dynamic Reynolds equation to determine the slider response to a shock event. The genetic algorithm was then used to optimize the air bearing contour for optimum shock response while keeping the steady flying conditions constant. The results show substantial differences in the spacing modulation of the head/disk interface after a shock as a function of the design of the air bearing contour.

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