Analysis of Assistive Strategies for Electric Bikes That Include Rider’s Physiological Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Zignoli ◽  
Lorenzo Beatrici ◽  
Francesco Biral
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Electric Motor ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Sedentary Population

Control strategies of electric-bikes (e-bikes) do not take the physiological characteristics (e.g. aerobic fitness status) of the rider into account. By means of mathematical modelling, our aim was to analyse different assistive strategies that include these characteristics. Particularly, we applied an Optimal Control (OC) algorithm to test whether an attentive control strategy could guarantee a sustainable effort for the rider throughout an entire climbing course with varying slope. We found that the contribution of the electric motor was pivotal during accelerations, so the effort for the kinetic energy conversion was shared between the electric motor and the cyclist. OC seems to fit very well in a scenario where e-bikes are adopted on a daily basis for commuting or to increase the level of physical activity in a sedentary population. We suggest that intelligent control algorithms, like OC, could be embedded in the electric motors to improve e-bike experience, especially in sedentary adults.

HIL Testbed and Motion Control Strategy for the Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arpan Chatterjee ◽  
Perry Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Motion Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Electric Machines ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Precise Control

Abstract The Hybrid Hydraulic-Electric Architecture (HHEA) was proposed in recent years to increase system efficiency of high power mobile machines and to reap the benefits of electrification without the need for large electric machines. It uses a set of common pressure rails to provide the majority of power hydraulically and small electric motors to modulate that power for precise control. This paper presents the development of a Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test-bed for testing motion control strategies for the HHEA. Precise motion control is important for off-road vehicles whose utility requires the machine being dexterous and performing tasks exactly as commanded. Motion control for the HHEA is challenging due to its intrinsic use of discrete pressure rail switches to minimize system efficiency or to keep the system within the torque capabilities of the electric motor. The motion control strategy utilizes two different controllers: a nominal passivity based back-stepping controller used in between pressure rail switches and a transition controller used to handle the event of a pressure rail switch. In this paper, the performance of the nominal control under various nominal and rail switching scenarios is experimentally evaluated on the HIL testbed.

Reseach on Control Strategy Based on p-q-r Theory for Four-Leg Grid-Connected Inverter

2012 ◽  
Vol 433-440 ◽  
pp. 1099-1105
Author(s):  
Hong Bing Chen ◽  
Xing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Grid Connected Inverter ◽  
Full Design ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The mathematical model for three-phase four-leg grid-connected inverter is modeled by the simplified p-q-r theory. The control strategy is proposed based on the characteristic of controlled variables. PI algorithm is adopted for variables of p axis and q axis, and PR algorithm is adopted for variable of r axis. The full design and analysis of the proposed control algorithms are given in this paper. Simulation results and experimental result show that quality of four-leg grid-connected inverter output current is higher, and effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is validated by all results.

Intelligent Control Strategy for Complex Industrial Process with Uncertainty

2014 ◽  
Vol 933 ◽  
pp. 343-347
Author(s):  
Guo Qing Zhou ◽  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Industrial Object ◽  
Optimization Control ◽  
Decomposition And Coordination ◽  
Control Accuracy

In order to solve control puzzle of complicated characteristics for complex industrial object, the paper proposed an intelligent control strategy. First it made the anatomy and pointed out that the conventional control strategy is unsuitable to control the complex process. Based on comparison among control strategies, first it made decomposition and coordination for complex process, and then selected intelligence based control strategies, finally adopted human simulation intelligence based control algorithm to implement the optimization control of complex process with uncertainty. The simulation effect demonstrated that it is faster in response, high in control accuracy, and strong in robustness. The simulation shows that it is a wise choice to apply the intelligent control strategy for complex industrial process with uncertainty.

Discussion on the Garbage Disposal Control System Based on DCS

2012 ◽  
Vol 229-231 ◽  
pp. 2188-2191
Author(s):  
Mei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Control System ◽  
Control Problem ◽  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
Garbage Disposal

The garbage disposal system is not a very large system,but it is a complex system..You need to take different control strategies according to different control objects, belonging to the control problem of the complexity of the uncertainty of the object (or process). Conventional control methods (such as PID, etc.) is difficult to implement effective control of such object.It is necessary to explore more effective control strategy. The paper briefly discusses the problem of intelligent control of the garbage disposal systems based on DCS.

A Review of Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM)

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 1389-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jie Ma ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Xue Song Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Static Synchronous Compensator ◽  
Converter Topologies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Transmission And Distribution ◽  
Fast Acting

This paper reviews the development of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM), and analylizes the structure of its main circuit, its working principles and control strategies. At last, this paper comes to a conclusion of technical characteristics of STATCOM and outlook of its development trends. Fast acting STATCOM, a representative of FACTS family, is a promising technology which is extensively used as state-of-the-art dynamic shunt compensator for reactive power control in transmission and distribution system. STATCOM controller employs various solid-state converter topologies, magnetics configurations, control algorithms, and switching techniques and so on. The development of STATCOM controller has been well reported in literature with its versatile application in power system. Thus deep investigation of STATCOM from the perspective of its intelligent control and the configuration of STATCOM’s main circuit is valuable.

PLC-Based Embedded Intelligent Control Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 799-800 ◽  
pp. 1127-1131
Author(s):  
Wen Chong Cui ◽  
Yu Lin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Industrial Control ◽  
Expert Control ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Traditional Process

With the rapid development of industrialization, the intelligent control has increasingly replaced the traditional process control in PLC in recent years, in which some intelligent control strategy has been applied to industrial control cases, such as genetic algorithm, fuzzy control, expert control and neural network and so on. However, it is not sufficient to achieve the desired control effect if only an intelligent control method is applied in the intelligent control. Therefore, integrated intelligent control of various control strategies is bound to be a focus in the embedded intelligent control. At the same time, with growing power of the PLC processing, it is possible for complex algorithms to be used in the embedded application, which has great significance in the development of industrialization as well as intelligent control.

Acceleration-Driven-Damper (ADD): An Optimal Control Algorithm For Comfort-Oriented Semiactive Suspensions

2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Savaresi ◽  
Enrico Silani ◽  
Sergio Bittanti
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Numerical Analysis ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Algorithms ◽  
Road Vehicles ◽  
Control Framework ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

The problem considered in this paper is the design and analysis of control strategies for semiactive suspensions in road vehicles. The most commonly used control framework is the well-known Sky–Hook (SH) damping. Two-state or linear approximation of the SH concept are typically implemented. The goal of this paper is to analyze the optimality of SH-based control algorithms, and to propose an innovative control strategy, named Acceleration-Driven-Damper (ADD) control. It is shown that ADD is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the vertical body acceleration (comfort objective) when no road-preview is available. This control strategy is extremely simple; it requires the same sensors of the SH algorithms, and a simple two-state controllable damper. In order to assess and to compare the closed-loop performance of the SH and ADD control strategies, both a theoretical and a numerical analysis of performance are proposed.

Linear electric motors in feed drives of multi-purpose machine tools

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
A.A. Mahov ◽  
O.G. Dragina ◽  
P.S. Belov ◽  
S.L. Mahov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Electric Motors ◽  
Linear Motors ◽  
Machining Center ◽  
Feed Drives ◽  
Selection Of

The possibility of using linear feed drives along the X and the Y axes in the portal-milling machining center is shown. The calculations of force indicators of drives, feed drives of traverse and carriage for two modes, as well as the selection of Siemens linear motors are given. Keywords milling machining center, drive, feed, linear electric motor. [email protected]

scholarly journals Impact of Kinanthropometric Differences According to Non-Professional Sports Activity Practiced

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5063
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Navas Harrison ◽  
Ana María Pérez Pico ◽  
Raquel Mayordomo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Sports Activity ◽  
Sedentary Population ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Amateur Athlete

Kinanthropometry allows us to analyze variations in physical dimensions and body composition. This study’s objective was to evaluate the kinanthropometric differences based on physical activity performance, depending on whether the lower body or the whole body is more or less potent and the differences with a sedentary population. We analyzed 131 individuals (74 men and 57 women), with an average age of 22.68 ± 2.98 years. We differentiated three populations: sedentary (n = 63), runners (n = 20), and basketball players (n = 48). Measurements and indices were obtained following the international protocol of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). The results show differences between the populations regarding weight, height, wingspan, and certain perimeters, diameters, and morphotypes depending on the predominant training type and the sedentary population. These anthropometric measurements will allow the amateur athlete to compare between seasons or other moments of training, pay attention to their evolution, and assess the possibility of changes in training.

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