Numerical Simulation of Tooth Surface Finish Effects on Gear Noise

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jolivet ◽  
S. Mezghani ◽  
M. El Mansori ◽  
H. Zahouani
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development of electric and hybrid motorisations, gear manufacturers have encountered an increasing need to create high level quality gear flanks. While the main goals are to increase the load-carrying capacity and the wear resistance, reducing gear noise has become more and more important. To answer this, macro- and micro-geometry defects have long been studied as well as their effect in amplifying the vibrations of gears. However, the impact of tooth flanks micro-scale roughness on gear noise has not well been studied and understood, even though the teeth surface contacts are essential in the gear mechanics. This paper aimed to discriminate the influence of the tooth finishing process (grinding, powerhoning) on single stage spur gear noise. A two-dimensional finite-element simulation model of a one-stage gear system was hence developed. The transmission system was composed of two identical loaded gears with one degree of freedom. Topological features of teeth surfaces finished by grinding and powerhoning were measured with a three-dimensional white light interferometer. These real topographic profiles of the tooth surfaces were integrated in the model. The meshing stiffness was determined as an output of this dynamic model. It is a parameter directly linked to the acoustic behaviour of the gear. Results show that gear noise could be reduced by the right choice of the finishing process kinematic.

Modeling of surface roughness in a novel magnetorheological gear profile finishing process

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622097826
Author(s):  
Ravi Datt Yadav ◽  
Anant Kumar Singh ◽  
Kunal Arora
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Magnetic Flux Density ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Gear Profile

Fine finishing of spur gears reduces the vibrations and noise and upsurges the service life of two mating gears. A new magnetorheological gear profile finishing (MRGPF) process is utilized for the fine finishing of spur gear teeth profile surfaces. In the present study, the development of a theoretical mathematical model for the prediction of change in surface roughness during the MRGPF process is done. The present MRGPF is a controllable process with the magnitude of the magnetic field, therefore, the effect of magnetic flux density (MFD) on the gear tooth profile has been analyzed using an analytical approach. Theoretically calculated MFD is validated experimentally and with the finite element analysis. To understand the finishing process mechanism, the different forces acting on the gear surface has been investigated. For the validation of the present roughness model, three sets of finishing cycle experimentations have been performed on the spur gear profile by the MRGPF process. The surface roughness of the spur gear tooth surface after experimentation was measured using Mitutoyo SJ-400 surftest and is equated with the values of theoretically calculated surface roughness. The results show the close agreement which ranges from −7.69% to 2.85% for the same number of finishing cycles. To study the surface characteristics of the finished spur gear tooth profile surface, scanning electron microscopy is used. The present developed theoretical model for surface roughness during the MRGPF process predicts the finishing performance with cycle time, improvement in the surface quality, and functional application of the gears.

Mathematical Modelling of an Arch Tooth Surface as an Envelope

2015 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 442-446
Author(s):  
N.R. Shcherbakov ◽  
А.M. Bubenchikov ◽  
S.M. Kazakavitschyus
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solution ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Rotation Axes ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Tooth Surfaces

We consider a gear with parallel rotation axes of an input and output part (spur gear), the input part having so-called arch teeth. We found the equation of the surfaces family for the arch tooth, the envelope of which is the tooth surface of the output part. We obtained an analytical solution of the equation that results from the condition of enveloping, which allowed to record parametric equations of the envelope determining the tooth surfaces of the output part.

Numerical Simulation of Gear Shaping for Planetary Gear Based on the MASTA Software

2013 ◽  
Vol 404 ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Lai Hua Yi
Keyword(s):  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Shaping Process ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Pitch Deviation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Gear Shaping

In this paper, the gear shaping of some planetary gear was simulated. The simulation results show that via the gear shaping process, the gear tooth surface on the left has a single tooth pitch deviation of about 1.2 um, and the gear tooth surface on the right has a pitch deviation of 1.1 um, accordingly. By combining the simulation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional gear shaping models, this paper can not only realize accurately the gear shaping process of the planetary gear, but also provide some certain reference for the gear shaping processing.

Research on Curvature of Tooth Flank of Gleason Spiral Bevel Gears

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 4256-4260
Author(s):  
Ai Mei Zhang ◽  
Lin Yan Li ◽  
Da Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Mean Curvature ◽  
Gear Tooth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Bevel Gear ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Spiral Bevel Gear ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Spiral Bevel

According to spiral bevel gear machining process, use the method of computer simulation to get the discrete points’ three-dimensional coordinates of Gleason spiral bevel gear tooth surface, and then solve the tooth surfaces’ NURBS surface as the unified mathematical model. On this basis, research the curvature of tooth surfaces of various types of Gleason spiral bevel gear, draw the mean curvature diagram, and study the link between the adjustment of processing parameters and the change of tooth surfaces’ mean curvature. Establish a theoretical foundation for the processing error adjustment based on tooth surface’s curvature diagram.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Salt Dynamics in Well-Mixed Estuaries: Influence of Estuarine Convergence, Coriolis, and Bathymetry

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843-1871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wei ◽  
Mohit Kumar ◽  
Henk M. Schuttelaars
Keyword(s):  
Coriolis Force ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Salt Transport ◽  
Residual Circulation ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Coriolis Effects ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA semianalytical three-dimensional model is set up to dynamically calculate the coupled water motion and salinity for idealized well-mixed estuaries and prognostically investigate the influence of each physical mechanism on the residual salt transport. As a study case, a schematized estuary with an exponentially converging width and a channel–shoal structure is considered. The temporal correlation between horizontal tidal velocities and tidal salinities is the dominant process for the landward residual salt transport. The residual salt transport induced by residual circulation is locally significant, but the induced salt transport integrated over the cross section is small. The impacts of the estuarine geometry, Coriolis force, and bathymetry on the salt dynamics are studied using three dedicated experiments, in which the impact of each of these factors is studied separately. To assess the impact of width convergence, a convergent estuary without bathymetric variations or Coriolis force is considered. In this experiment, the temporal correlation between tidal velocities and salinities is the only landward salt transport process. In the second experiment, Coriolis effects are included. This results in a significant residual salt transport cell due to the advection of the tidally averaged salinity by residual circulation, with salt imported into the estuary from the left side and exported on the right (looking seaward). In the last experiment, a lateral channel–shoal structure is included while the Coriolis effects are excluded. This results in a significant landward salt transport through the deeper channel and a seaward salt transport over the shoals due to the advection of the tidally averaged salinity by residual circulation.

scholarly journals study of the Impact оf strategic Outsourcing оn the Interacting Market in Entrepreneurial Training and Human Capital Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Gruzina ◽  
Kh. P. Kharchilava ◽  
K. Yu. Mukhin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Strategic Outsourcing ◽  
Entrepreneurial Training ◽  
The Right ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Due to the rapid development of digital technology, the structure of future jobs is becoming increasingly complex, and university graduates need to acquire the right combination of skills to succeed in a rapidly changing world. The need for continuous replenishment and updating of professional knowledge is determined by the pace of scientific and technological progress, the transition to the information stage of the development of society, and the widespread use of innovative technologies. There are prerequisites for the formation and development of the category of “strategic outsourcing”. Unlike the services of the service, which have a one-time, episodic nature, strategic outsourcing is usually transferred to the functions of professional support for the uninterrupted operation of individual systems and infrastructure based on a long-term contract. Strategic outsourcing allows not only to restructure business processes radically but also significantly improve opportunities and prospects. The purpose of this study is to study the concept of outsourcing in entrepreneurial training and the development of human capital.

scholarly journals You Are Stardust by E. Kelsey

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matilda Roche
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Novels ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Book Design ◽  
Illustrated Books ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Cycles

Kelsey, Elin. You Are Stardust. Illus. S. Kim. Toronto: Owlkids Books, 2012. Print. This compellingly illustrated non-fiction book for children emphasizes the interconnected continuity present in the natural environment. Children, with their developing and magically amorphous sense of self, are a receptive audience for narratives that explore the complex relationships and natural cycles that they observe and are learning more about each day. Elin Kelsey has created a flowing and natural text that conveys the complexity and wonder of natural history and ecological patterns. Canadian artist, Soyeon Kim's, artwork is spectacular and responsive to the text. Children will enjoy how Kim’s illustrations are not only fun and fascinating but also reveal much of the architecture used to construct them. Strings and wires are often clearly visible, supporting elements of the three-dimensional illustrations. Her interpretations are effective, even charmingly literal, in some cases - little bouquets of dried blossoms accompany the text, "Your breath is alive with the promise of flowers" but also convey the more abstract natural cycles being described in Kelsey's text. Conveying scientific information to children in a lyrical and accessible way has great educational potential and, if it achieves the right tone, doesn't create a sense of distance from, or mastery over, nature, but embeds humans intimately within their environment. The potential to create an intuitive and rigorous sense of conservational responsibility may lie in the exposure of children to a nuanced exploration of scientific ideas. Many concepts that children seem naturally curious about - the shaping and changing of water, clouds and earth - are explored in You are Stardust, and the engaging and lively book design and illustrations further the impact of the text. Highly Recommended : 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Matilda RocheMatilda spends her days lavishing attention on the University of Alberta’s metadata but children’s illustrated books, literature for young adults and graphic novels also make her heart sing. Her reviews benefit from the critical influence of a four year old daughter and a one year old son – both geniuses. Matilda’s super power is the ability to read comic books aloud.

Craniofacial Growth after latrogenic Cleft Palate Repair in a Fetal Ovine Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Canady ◽  
Sue Ann Thompson ◽  
Alex Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Craniofacial Growth ◽  
Ovine Model ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Cleft Palate Repair ◽  
Palate Repair ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Controversy exists over the impact of scar formation on craniofacial growth after cleft palate repair. The fetal ovine model presents an opportunity to study a group of animals with little or no scar using cephalometric studies of craniofacial growth after iatrogenic cleft palate repair. Grossly evident scar is formed in the palates of lambs repaired at 118 days or later in gestation, while those animals operated at 70 and 77 days' gestation exhibited no scar grossly and minimal scar histologically in the submucosa with normal nasal and oral mucosal surfaces. For this study, 15 lambs were studied: four were unoperated, three were operated at 70 days, one at 77 days, and seven had clefts produced and repaired at 118 to 133 days' gestation. The animals were euthanized at 1 month of age and the heads removed and frozen until analyzed. Computerized tomography of the heads was used to create voxel (volume pixel) data sets, and volume rendering and measurement software (Voxblast) was used to create a three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull. Palate measurements were obtained by selecting points on the upper deciduous premolars. A plane was set through the palate and upper deciduous premolars using standard points on the skull to maintain consistent visualization and point selection. The measurements were normalized to skull size measured by the distance between points on the right and left zygomatic bones. Using one-way analysis of variance, followed by a protected t test, no significant differences were found between the means of any measurement In the three treatment groups. Fetal palate repair, with or without scarring, resulted in normal craniofacial growth in the 1-month-old lamb.

Evaluation of Tooth Surface Micro-Finishing on Gear Noise

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 498-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jolivet ◽  
Sabeur Mezghani ◽  
Jérôme Isselin ◽  
Alain Giraudeau ◽  
Mohamed El Mansori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Reducing Gear ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Finishing Processes ◽  
Geometrical Defects

For automotive gear manufacturers, reducing gear noise while maintaining the gear load-carrying capacity as well as the wear resistance has become more and more important. Macro- and micro-geometrical defects have long been studied in order to explain the vibratory behavior of gears. However, the contribution of the micro-scale roughness of the flanks, essential in the gear contact mechanics, has not yet been fully understood.This paper addresses this issue where gears were manufactured with two industrial finishing processes (grinding and power-honing) while having the same macro-scale characteristics. Tridimensional topographical features of teeth surface were hence measured using a three-dimensional white light interferometer. As manufactured surface topographies are highly complex, irregular, and multiscale, all the teeth surfaces were characterized in the entire wavelength band using a multiscale method based on wavelets transform. Vibration performances of the gears were then tested on a single-stage low powertrain. Results demonstrate the influence of micro-roughness scales on vibrations amplitude.

Tooth Profile Generation of Point-Contact Involute Planetary Gear Drive with Small Teeth Difference

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Cui Yi ◽  
Bao Ying Wang ◽  
Shu He
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Point Contact ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Smooth Curve ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Gear Drive ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Meshing Characteristics ◽  
Internal Gear

A new kind of involute planetary gear drive with small teeth difference which meshes in point contact is put forward based on the kinematic method of gear geometry in this paper. The generation principle of tubular tooth surface is proposed according to a selected smooth curve attached to the planetary wheel tooth surface. The general equations of conjugate tooth surfaces are derived and its conjugated contact curve on the internal gear is also determined. Then the mathematical model is established. The parameter selection and meshing characteristics of point-contact involute planetary gear drive with small teeth difference are discussed respectively. The three dimensional model is finally established and its motion simulation is worked out. It lays the significant theoretical foundation and practical meaning for improving the gear transmission performance.

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