Correlations of the Droplet Size-Velocity of the Two-Phase, Air/Liquid Spray Using a Particle-Dynamic-Analyzer

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad A. Rahman ◽  
Johana Gomez ◽  
Ted Heidrick ◽  
Brian A. Fleck ◽  
Jennifer McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Void Fraction ◽  
Heavy Oil ◽  
Droplet Diameter ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Process Industry ◽  
Particle Dynamic ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation

In the heavy oil process industry preheated bitumen and steam are mixed upstream of the feed nozzle and subsequently injected into fluid bed coker reactors via feed nozzles. To achieve high liquid product yields, the bitumen should contact a large number of fluidized coke particles quickly and uniformly. One of the drawbacks of the spray issuing from the nozzle is the potential pulsation within the spray and in the feeding conduit, which is highly undesirable to yield high productivity. These pulsations result in poor atomization and in most instances, a slug of liquid is ejected out of the nozzle. It would be valuable to investigate under which two-phase fluid conditions this pulsation aggravates. It would also be beneficial to examine the detailed spray map with changing air-to-liquid ratio (ALR) by mass and void fraction (α). The average void fraction in the feeding conduit was measured by a pneumatic controlled quick-closing-valve (QCV). The length and diameter of the feeding conduit was 36.8 cm and 6.35 mm, respectively. The experiments were performed using mixtures of air with water at water flow rates of 1.50 to 7.50 kg / min and air-to-liquid (ALR) mass ratios of 0.30 to 9.3%. This study indicates that there exists a strong positive correlation between the droplet diameter and axial velocity at the center of the spray. A positive correlation also exists in between the spray center and periphery. However, a strong negative correlation exists at the periphery of the spray. Knowledge from this study would help the heavy oil process industry to upgrade their heavy oil upgrading process and increase the product yield.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of the Relationship between PM2.5Concentrations and Meteorological Parameters in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Lin ◽  
Jingying Fu ◽  
Dong Jiang ◽  
Jianhua Wang ◽  
Qiao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Humid Region ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Warm Temperate

Epidemiological studies around the world have reported that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is closely associated with human health. The distribution of PM2.5concentrations is influenced by multiple geographic and socioeconomic factors. Using a remote-sensing-derived PM2.5dataset, this paper explores the relationship between PM2.5concentrations and meteorological parameters and their spatial variance in China for the period 2001–2010. The spatial variations of the relationships between the annual average PM2.5, the annual average precipitation (AAP), and the annual average temperature (AAT) were evaluated using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model. The results indicated that PM2.5had a strong and stable correlation with meteorological parameters. In particular, PM2.5had a negative correlation with precipitation and a positive correlation with temperature. In addition, the relationship between the variables changed over space, and the strong negative correlation between PM2.5and the AAP mainly appeared in the warm temperate semihumid region and northern subtropical humid region in 2001 and 2010, with some localized differences. The strong positive correlation between the PM2.5and the AAT mainly occurred in the mid-temperate semiarid region, the humid, semihumid, and semiarid warm temperate regions, and the northern subtropical humid region in 2001 and 2010.

scholarly journals The effects of cardiac rehabilitation on haemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography in patients with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-126
Author(s):  
Milovan Stojanovic ◽  
Marina Deljanin-Ilic ◽  
Stevan Ilic ◽  
Dejan Petrovic ◽  
Bojan Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Impedance Cardiography ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Strain Tolerance ◽  
Artery Disease

Background / Aim. Well-organized cardiovascular rehabilitation (CVR) reduces cardiovascular burden by influencing cardiovascular risk factors, improving the quality of life and reducing mortality and hospital readmission. However, its effects on hemodynamic status are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of three-week CVR program on hemodynamic status and to investigate if there is a correlation between physical strain tolerance and hemodynamic parameters measured by impedance cardiography (ICG) before and after CVR program in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods. Fifty-two patients attended a three-week CVR program. At the beginning and at the end of rehabilitation program laboratory tests, exercise stress tests (EST) and ICG measurements were taken. Results. Patients showed better strain tolerance on the second exercise stress test (EST2) by achieving higher strain level (Z=2,315; p=0,021) and longer duration of test (Z=2,305; p=0,021). There was a strong positive correlation between the level of EST2 and cardiac output (CO) (r=0,538; p<0,001) and stroke volume (SV) (r=0,380; p=0,017) on the second ICG (ICG2). Also, there was a strong negative correlation between EST2 level and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (r=-0,472; p=0,002) and SVR index (SSVRI) (r=-0,407; p=0,010) on ICG2. There was a strong positive correlation between EST2 duration and CO (r=0.517; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SV (r=0.340; p=0.034), and a strong negative correlation between EST2 duration and SVR (r=-0.504; p=0.001) as well as between EST2 duration and SVRI (r=-0.448; p=0.004), according to ICG2. Conclusion. Our study showed that a well-designed CVR program can lead to better physical strain tolerance. Furthermore, CVR led to a significant positive correlation between EST and cardiac output as well as between EST and stroke volume measured by ICG. On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between EST and vascular related parameters according to ICG at the end of the CVR program.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Sperm Quality and Male Reproductive Hormones Among Male Partners with Fertility Complications: Attending CHUB

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
Herbert Mapira Tendayi ◽  
Jerome Ndayisenga ◽  
Solange Nyiramahirwe ◽  
Jacqueline Mukanshuti ◽  
Valens Karenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Correlation

Background Infertility remains a highly prevalent global condition in the second decade of the new millennium. Reproductive hormones determine sperm quality as they initiate and maintain spermatogenesis. Hormonal imbalance can cause abnormal sperm quality that can be treated by hormonal replacement therapy. Objective To assess the relationship between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones among male partners with fertility complications attending CHUB. Methods The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, and a convenient sampling strategy was used to recruit subjects at CHUB. Sixty-two male subjects with fertility complications provided both semen and blood sample to analyze sperm quality and reproductive hormones. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. Results Both FSH and LH showed a strong negative correlation with sperm count which is more profound with FSH (r= -0.722) than LH (r= -0.545). Testosterone showed a strong positive correlation with sperm count (r= 0.712). FSH and LH showed a negative correlation with sperm motility which is more profound in FSH (r= -0.312) than LH (r= -0.302). Testosterone also showed a positive correlation with sperm motility (r= 0.360). Conclusion Our study found a correlation between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones. We further suggest other studies to investigate predictive power of male reproductive hormones. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):315-328

scholarly journals An examination of jump kinematics in dogs over increasing hurdle heights

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Birch ◽  
A. Carter ◽  
J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Dorsal Aspect ◽  
Dorsal Extension

Research examining kinematic parameters of the canine athlete is markedly behind equivalent human and equine research. With increasing participation and popularity, canine sports science needs to bridge this gap with comparable equine research. The aim of this study was to examine changes to specific kinematic parameters as hurdle height increases. Twenty border collies and border collie crosses were analysed jumping over a single hurdle at increasing heights, starting with a pole on the floor and increasing to a maximum height of 65 cm. Length of trajectory and jump speed were analysed, alongside apparent (without the use of markers) neck, lumbar spine and shoulder angles using Dartfish software. For each dog, the percentage of the hurdle height in relation to their height at the dorsal aspect of the scapula (withers) was used to normalise the dogs evenly. Overall jump speed decreased as percentage height increased (P<0.001), with a strong negative correlation between the two (r=-0.815). Length of trajectory significantly increased with percentage height (P<0.001) with a strong positive correlation between the two (r=0.740). However, length of trajectory decreased when a dog jumped ≥126% of its height to the withers. This is supported by a significantly more flexed apparent neck angle upon landing at this percentage height (P<0.001). Apparent lumbar spine angles showed greater dorsal extension upon landing as percentage height increased (P<0.001). Apparent shoulder angles become significantly more flexed as percentage height increased during the suspension phase of the jump (P<0.001). These results suggest that dogs significantly alter their jump kinematics as hurdle height increases.

Relationships between milk fatty acid profiles and enteric methane production in dairy cattle fed grass- or grass silage-based diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
S. van Gastelen ◽  
E. C. Antunes-Fernandes ◽  
D. Warner ◽  
B. Hatew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Grass Silage

We quantified relationships between methane production and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in dairy cattle fed grass- or grass silage-based diets, and determined whether recent prediction equations for methane, based on a wide variety of diets, are applicable to grass- and grass silage-based diets. Data from three studies were used, encompassing four grass herbage and 14 grass silage treatments and 132 individual cow observations. Methane production was measured using respiration chambers and milk fatty acids (FAs) analysed using gas chromatography. The proportion of grass or grass silage (dry matter (DM) basis) was 0.80 ± 0.037. Methane yield averaged 22.3 ± 2.10 g/kg DM intake (DMI) and 14.2 ± 2.90 g/kg fat- and protein-corrected milk (FPCM). Mixed model univariate regression including a random study effect on intercept was applied to predict methane yield, with individual milk FA concentrations (g/100 g FA) as fixed effects. Of the 42 milk FAs identified, no single FA had a strong positive correlation (r; strong correlation defined as |r| ≥ 0.50) with methane yield (g/kg DMI), and cis-12 C18:1 and cis-9,12,15 C18:3 had a strong negative correlation with methane yield (g/kg DMI). C14:0 iso, C15:0, C15:0 iso, C15:0 anteiso, C16:0, C20:0, cis-11,14 C20:2, cis-5,8,11,14 C20:4, C22:0, cis-7,10,13,16,19 C22:5 and C24:0 had a strong positive correlation with methane yield (g/kg FPCM), and trans-15+cis-11 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, and cis-11 C20:1 had a strong negative correlation with methane yield (g/kg FPCM). Observed methane yield was compared with methane yield predicted by the equations of van Lingen et al. (2014; Journal of Dairy Science 97, 7115–7132). These equations did not accurately predict methane yield as grams per kilogram DMI (concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) = 0.13) or as grams per kilogram FPCM (CCC = 0.22), in particular related to large differences in standard deviation between predicted and observed values. In conclusion, quantitative relationships between milk FA profile and methane yield in cattle fed grass- or grass silage-based diets differ from those determined for other types of diets.

scholarly journals Correlation between level of adipocytokines with body composition and heart rate recovery indices

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Marko Ristić ◽  
Marina Đelić
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
National Team

Introduction: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ primarily regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Anorexigenic hormone leptin increases sympathetic activity and decreases insulin secretion, thereby reducing energy depots, while adiponectin elevates tissue sensitivity to insulin, which role visfatin imitates. Heart rate recovery index (DHRR), linked with insulin resistance syndrome, reflects parasympathetic function. Our goal was to analyze correlation between adipocytokines with body composition and DHRR in athletes and sedentary controls. Material and methods: Research included 19 volleyball and water polo national team members (mean age 19.26 ± 1.94 years) and 13 physically inactive male students (mean age 20.46 ± 1.13 years). Anthropometric data were measured and blood samples for hormone analysis were taken: at the beginning, the end and 30 minutes after finishing ergospirometry. Statistical evaluation was performed using: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon's and Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: Adiponectin levels between dependent and independent variables didn't show statistical significance. Leptin level, noteworthy lower in athletes, at the beginning and the end of the test (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), was declining in students in every before-after study aspect (p < 0.001 in each case). Visfatin was higher in sportsmen at the end of the test and 30 minutes later (p < 0.001 in both cases), but their levels decreased comparing the beginning and 30 minutes after the test (p = 0.02). Body height, VO2 max and DHRR3 were considerably higher in athletes, just as BMI, BF% and HR in the third minute of recovery were in controls (p < 0.05). Sportsmen had moderately strong negative correlation of visfatin with BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.674), whilst leptin showed moderately strong positive correlation with BMI and BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.657 and p = 0.011, RS = 0.567), respectively. Controls demonstrated strong and moderately strong positive correlation between leptin with DHRR1 (p = 0.008, RS = 0.702) and DHRR3 (p = 0.018, RS = 0.641), respectively. Conclusion: Research showed positive correlation between visfatin with BF% and leptin with BMI and BF% in athletes, considering small number of participants.

scholarly journals Association between lung function, thoracoabdominal mobility and posture in cystic fibrosis: pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Pereira Pinto ◽  
Gustavo Vieira Paterlini de Souza ◽  
Karine Jacon Sarro ◽  
Cintia Carvalho Bragança Garcia ◽  
Flávia Marini Paro
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Horizontal Alignment ◽  
Postural Alignment ◽  
Postural Assessment

Abstract Introduction: Deterioration of lung function is the main cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF), so it is essential to study different related factors. Objective: To assess the association of pulmonary function with thoracoabdominal mobility and postural alignment in individuals with CF. Method: A cross-sectional study was performed in individuals with CF (8-17 years). Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometry. Thoracoabdominal mobility and postural alignment were evaluated by photogrammetry using the Postural Assessment Software (PAS/Sapo). Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The following spirometric variables showed a decrease compared to predicted values: FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF and FEF25-75%. Postural assessment showed alterations in head horizontal alignment (HHA; 2.71 ± 2.23o), acromion horizontal alignment (AHA; 1.33 ± 1.35o), anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) horizontal alignment (ASISHA; 1.11 ± 0.89o), angle between acromia and ASIS (AAASIS; 0.89 ± 0.39o), scapula horizontal asymmetry - T3 (SHAT3; 16.95 ± 12.03%), and asymmetry of the projection of the center of gravity within the base of support in the frontal (11.45 ± 8.10%) and sagittal (48.98 ± 18.55%) planes. A strong positive correlation was found between pulmonary function and thoracoabdominal mobility in the variables anteroposterior mobility of the upper chest (APMUC) and FVC (r = 0.818, p = 0.024), APMUC and FEV1 (r = 0.874, p = 0.010), and APMUC and FEF25-75% (r = 0.797, p = 0.032). A strong negative correlation was detected between FEV1/FVC and AHA (r = -0.761, p = 0.047). Conclusion: Our study showed in CF a reduction in pulmonary function, strong positive correlation between APMUC and pulmonary function, high prevalence of kyphoscoliosis and strong negative correlation between AHA and pulmonary function.

scholarly journals Correlation of Three Dimensions of Palate with Maxillary Arch Form and Perimeter as Predictive Measures for Orthodontic and Orthognathic Surgery

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Fadil A. Kareem ◽  
Aras Maruf Rauf ◽  
Tara Ali Rasheed ◽  
Falah Abdullah Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Hard Palate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Arch Form ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The City ◽  
Maxillary Arch

Hard palate is regarded as an important part of the human skull, which contributes to the separation of the oral and nasal cavities. The aims of the study were to investigate the morphology of the hard palate in order to create a general guideline of three-dimensional values of the palate in a Kurdish sample in the city of Sulaimani as well as determining the possible correlations between different palatal parameters in class I malocclusion with the maxillary arch form and perimeter. A retrospective study design was adopted by collecting 100 study models of orthodontic patients aged 16–24 years old attending different private dental clinics in the city of Sulaimani seeking orthodontic management. In this study, three-dimensional palatal measurements including depth, length, and width were measured in an attempt to discover their correlation with each maxillary arch form and perimeter. Additionally, measurements of inter-molar width, inter-canine width, and arch perimeter were carried out. About two-thirds of those seeking orthodontic treatment were females. Nearly 80% of the study sample had narrow palate followed by 15 and 5% of intermediate palate and broad palate, respectively. In regard to arch form, almost 90% of subjects were with tapered maxillary arch form and 10% of them with oval arch form. Males had increased dimensions compared to females, with significant differences, except in palatal depth in the molar area, and palatine height index, in which females showed increased dimensions than males but the differences were statistically non-significant. A strong positive correlation was observed between arch form and canine depth. In regard to arch perimeter, a strong negative correlation was found with molar depth and a medium positive correlation with each of canine depth, palatal width, and palatal length.

scholarly journals Effect of sex on biometry and morphological indices of Japanese quails (Ccoturnix Coturnix Japonica)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Faith Akumbugu ◽  
Musa Obakpa ◽  
Aya Ebuga ◽  
Thomas Esson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Morphological Indices ◽  
Plateau State

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of sex on biometry and morphological indices of Japanese quails. A total of one hundred and fifteen finisher quails (115) comprising 30 males and 85 females of ten (10) weeks of age were used for this study. The quails were procured from the National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) Vom, Plateau State Nigeria. They were managed in a deep litter system of housing from day old to finisher phase (10 weeks). The sex of the quails were identified by the production of cloacal foam following the standard protocol. Female quails recorded higher (P<0.05) body weight, massiveness and appears to be better for long leggedness than their male counterpart. The lower values observed for the female quails for long leggedness is an indication of blockier appearance a characteristics for meatiness. The results of the Pearson correlation for the male quails indicates that there were strong positive correlation for Body weight(BW) and Body length(BL)(r=0.465 at P<0.01), BW and Breast circumference(BC), BL and BC, Foot length(FL) and Wing length(WL) (r=0.577, 0.429 and 0.451 at P<0.05). For the female quails, strong positive correlation were observed for BC and WL, FL and WL (r=0.339, 0.332 at P<0.01), BL and FL, FL and TLL (r=0.270, 0.263 P<0.05). There was also a strong negative correlation observed for Thigh circumference (TC) and FL (r=0.406 at P<0.01). The result of ?2 for the sex was also significant (P<0.05). This findings would aid in the selection and breeding programme for quails? improvement.

scholarly journals Factors associated with maintenance of human Q fever in Vojvodina, Serbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 998-1008
Author(s):  
Mioljub Ristic ◽  
Mirjana Strbac ◽  
Sara Savic ◽  
Gorana Dragovac ◽  
Svetlana Ilic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Q Fever ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Background/Aim. Q fever occurs worldwide and can be found in humans as well as in domestic mammals. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of Q fever and evaluate correlation between the Q fever occurrence and weather conditions. Methods. We conducted a descriptive epidemiological study using data of the Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, Scientific Veterinary Institute, Novi Sad, and the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia, from 2006 to 2015. Results. Out of 272 human Q fever cases, 114 (41.9%) patients were aged between 20 and 39 years. Between January and May, a total of 193 (71.0%) cases of disease were registered. In the Central Banat and South Banat, a strong positive correlation between an increase in Q fever detection and an increase of average wind speed (?= 0.69719 and ?=0.62303, respectively) was observed, while a strong negative correlation was determined between the average rainfall with the number of Q fever cases in the Central Banat, the South Banat and Srem district (? = -0.78033, ? = -0.70675 and ? = -0.70431, respectively). During a 10-year period, a strong positive correlation was found between the human Q fever cases compared to the number of cattle and sheep Q cases in the Srem district (r = 0.7989 and r = 0.7966, respectively). Direct contact with domestic animals was the most frequent route of Q fever transmission in Vojvodina. Conclusion. The timely sharing of information between the animal and human health sectors as well as between neighbouring countries is crucial for an appropriate and an early outbreak response, especially during windy and dry months of the year. Additionally, it is essential that people who are exposed to a risk of infection must be permanently educated about reducing the risk of transmission of infection.

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