The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine — III

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendernath Miriyala ◽  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey Price ◽  
Karren More ◽  
Peter Tortorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Barrier Coating

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Program and the Advanced Materials Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), several silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) combustor liners were field tested in a Solar Turbines Centaur 50S gas turbine, which accumulated approximately 40000 hours by the end of 2001. To date, five field tests were completed at Chevron, Bakersfield, CA, and one test at Malden Mills, Lawrence, MA. The evaluation of SiC/SiC liners with an environmental barrier coating (EBC) after the fifth field test at Bakersfield (13937 hours) and the first field test at Malden Mills (7238 hours) is presented in this paper. The work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in support of the field tests was supported by DOE’s Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composite (CFCC) Program.

The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine: V

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey Price ◽  
Karren More ◽  
Peter Tortorelli ◽  
Tania Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Barrier Coating

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) and Advanced Material Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a team led by Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar) has successfully designed engines utilizing SiC/SiC continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) combustor liners. Their potential for low NOx and CO emissions was demonstrated in ten separate field-engine tests for an accumulated duration of more than 68,000-hours. In the first four field tests, the durability of the CFCC liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in the high-pressure steam environment of the gas turbine combustor. Consequently, the need for an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to meet the 30,000-hour life goal was recognized. An EBC developed under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) High Speed Civil Transport, Enabling Propulsion Materials (EPM) program was improved, optimized and applied on the SiC/SiC liners by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) from the fifth field test onwards. Presented in this paper is the evaluation of the field test with a modified EBC using Strontium Aluminum Silicate (SAS) on SiC/SiC CFCC liners after 8,368-hours.

The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine – IV

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey Price ◽  
Karren More ◽  
Peter Tortorelli ◽  
Ellen Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Barrier Coating

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) and Advanced Material Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a team led by Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar) has successfully designed engines utilizing silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) combustor liners. Their potential for low NOx and CO emissions was demonstrated in nine field-engine tests for a total duration of more than 52,000-hours. In the first four engine tests, the durability of the liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor. Consequently, the need for an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to meet the 30,000-hour life goal was recognized. An EBC developed under the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) High Speed Civil Transport, Enabling Propulsion Materials program was improved, optimized and applied on the SiC/SiC liners by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) from the fifth engine test onwards. The results of the evaluation after the seventh engine test with greater than 15,000-hours is compared against the results of a previous engine test with approximately 14,000-hours.

EBC Protection of SiC/SiC Composites in the Gas Turbine Combustion Environment

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Eaton ◽  
Gary D. Linsey ◽  
Karren L. More ◽  
Joshua B. Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey R. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Combustor Liner

Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (SiC/SiC) are attractive for use in gas turbine engines as combustor liner materials, in part, because the temperature capability allows for reduced cooling. This enables the engine to operate more efficiently and to meet very stringent emission goals for NOx and CO. It has been shown, however, that SiC/SiC and other silica formers can degrade with time in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor due to accelerated oxidation and subsequent volatilization of the silica due to reaction with high pressure water (ref.s 1 & 2). As a result, an environmental barrier coating (EBC) is required in conjunction with the SiC composite in order to meet long life goals. Under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Solar Turbines Incorporated Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) engine program (ref. 3), EBC systems developed under the HSCT EPM program (NASA contract NAS3-23685) were applied to both SiC/SiC composite coupons and SiC/SiC combustion liners which were then evaluated in long term laboratory testing and in ground based turbine power generation, respectively. This paper discusses the application of the EBC’s to SiC/SiC composites and the results from laboratory and engine test evaluations.

EBC Protection of SiC/SiC Composites in the Gas Turbine Combustion Environment: Continuing Evaluation and Refurbishment Considerations

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Eaton ◽  
Gary D. Linsey ◽  
Ellen Y. Sun ◽  
Karren L. More ◽  
Joshua B. Kimmel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Barrier Coating ◽  
Temperature Capability ◽  
Pressure Water ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Combustor Liner

Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (SiC/SiC CMC’s) are attractive for use in gas turbine engines as combustor liner materials because the temperature capability allows for reduced cooling. This enables the engine to operate more efficiently and enables the design of very stringent emission goals for NOx and CO. It has been shown, however, that SiC/SiC CMC’s and other silica formers can degrade with time in the high steam environment of the gas turbine combustor due to accelerated oxidation and subsequent volatilization of the silica due to reaction with high pressure water (ref.s 1, 2, 3, & 4). As a result, an environmental barrier coating (EBC) is required in conjunction with the SiC/SiC CMC in order to meet long life goals. Under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored Solar Turbines Incorporated Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) engine program (ref. 5), EBC systems developed under the HSCT EPM program and improved under the CSGT program have been applied to both SiC/SiC CMC coupons and SiC/SiC CMC combustion liners which have been evaluated in long term laboratory testing and in ground based turbine power generation. This paper discusses the continuing evaluation (see ref. 6) of EBC application to SiC/SiC CMC’s and the results from laboratory and engine test evaluations along with refurbishment considerations.

Ceramic Gas Turbine Materials Impact Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark van Roode ◽  
Oscar Jimenez ◽  
John McClain ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Vijay Parthasarathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Impact Damage ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Threshold Velocity ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
The Impact

Impact of foreign or domestic material on components in the hot section of gas turbines with ceramic components is a common cause of catastrophic failure. Several such occurrences were observed during engine testing under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy. A limited analysis was carried out at Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar), which involved modeling of the impact in the hot section. Based on the results of this study an experimental investigation was carried out at the University of Dayton Research Institute Impact Physics Laboratory to establish the conditions leading to significant impact damage in silicon-based ceramics. The experimental set up involved impacting ceramic flexure bars with spherical metal particulates under conditions of elevated temperature and controlled velocity. The results of the study showed a better correlation of impact damage with momentum than with kinetic energy. Increased test specimen mass and fracture toughness were found to improve impact resistance. Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) materials have better impact resistance than monolithics. A threshold velocity was established for impacting particles of a defined mass. Post-impact metallography was carried out at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to further establish the impact mechanism.

The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine — II

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendernath Miriyala ◽  
Jeffrey R. Price
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Term Stability ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Combustion Environment

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine Program sponsored by the U. S. Department of Energy, Solar Turbines Incorporated has successfully designed and developed CFCC (SiC/SiC) combustor liners. Their potential for low emissions has been demonstrated in five field-engine tests for a total duration of over 10000 hours, with over 5000 hours on a CVI liner without EBC. The durability of the SiC/SiC liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in a combustion environment. The evaluation of the SiC/SiC liners after the fourth field test is discussed in this paper.

Advanced Research and Technology Development Fossil Energy Materials Program

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 670-676
Author(s):  
R. R. Judkins ◽  
R. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Research Activities

The Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR&TD) Fossil Energy Materials Program is a multifaceted materials research and development program sponsored by the Office of Fossil Energy of the U.S. Department of Energy. The program is administered by the Office of Technical Coordination. In 1979, the Office of Fossil Energy assigned responsibilities for this program to the DOE Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO) as the lead field office and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as the lead national laboratory. Technical activities on the program are divided into three research thrust areas: structural ceramic composites, alloy development and mechanical properties, and corrosion and erosion of alloys. In addition, assessments and technology transfer are included in a fourth thrust area. This paper provides information on the structure of the program and summarizes some of the major research activities.

Development of Testing Methodologies for Onsite Radioactive Material Storage Containers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Los Alamos National Laboratory ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Transportation Technologies

Based on a recommendation from the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board, the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Safety Policy and Assistance (HS-21) has recently issued DOE Manual 441.1-1 entitled Nuclear Material Packaging Manual. This manual provides guidance regarding the use of non-engineered storage media for all special nuclear material throughout the DOE complex. As part of this development effort, HS-21 has funded the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Transportation Technologies Group (TTG) to develop and demonstrate testing protocols for such onsite containers. ORNL TTG to date has performed preliminary tests of representative onsite containers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. This paper will describe the testing processes that have been developed.

The importance of aerodynamics for prosthetic limb design used by competitive cyclists with an amputation: An introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

Background/Objectives: This study introduces the importance of the aerodynamics to prosthetic limb design for athletes with either a lower-limb or upper-limb amputation. Study design: The study comprises two elements: 1) An initial experiment investigating the stability of outdoor velodrome-based field tests, and 2) An experiment evaluating the application of outdoor velodrome aerodynamic field tests to detect small-scale changes in aerodynamic drag respective of prosthetic limb componentry changes. Methods: An outdoor field-testing method is used to detect small and repeatable changes in the aerodynamic drag of an able-bodied cyclist. These changes were made at levels typical of alterations in prosthetic componentry. The field-based test method of assessment is used at a smaller level of resolution than previously reported. Results: With a carefully applied protocol, the field test method proved to be statistically stable. The results of the field test experiments demonstrate a noticeable change in overall athlete performance. Aerodynamic refinement of artificial limbs is worthwhile for athletes looking to maximise their competitive performance. Conclusion: A field-testing method illustrates the importance of the aerodynamic optimisation of prosthetic limb components. The field-testing protocol undertaken in this study gives an accessible and affordable means of doing so by prosthetists and sports engineers. Clinical relevance Using simple and accessible field-testing methods, this exploratory experiment demonstrates how small changes to riders’ equipment, consummate of the scale of a small change in prosthetics componentry, can affect the performance of an athlete. Prosthetists should consider such opportunities for performance enhancement when possible.

scholarly journals Measurement Uncertainties Encountered During Gas Turbine Driven Compressor Field Testing

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Brun ◽  
Rainer Kurz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Measurement Uncertainties

Field testing of gas turbine compressor packages requires the accurate determination of efficiency, capacity, head, power and fuel flow in sometimes less than ideal working environments. Nonetheless, field test results have significant implication for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers and their customers. Economic considerations demand that the performance and efficiency of an installation are verified to assure a project’s return on investment. Thus, for the compressor and gas turbine manufacturers, as well as for the end-user, an accurate determination of the field performance is of vital interest. This paper describes an analytic method to predict the measurement uncertainty and, thus, the accuracy, of field test results for gas turbine driven compressors. Namely, a method is presented which can be employed to verify the validity of field test performance results. The equations governing the compressor and gas turbine performance uncertainties are rigorously derived and results are numerically compared to actual field test data. Typical field test measurement uncertainties are presented for different sets of instrumentation. Test parameters that correlate to the most significant influence on the performance uncertainties are identified and suggestions are provided on how to minimize their measurement errors. The effect of different equations of state on the calculated performance is also discussed. Results show that compressor efficiency uncertainties can be unacceptably high when some basic rules for accurate testing are violated. However, by following some simple measurement rules and maintaining commonality of the gas equations of state, the overall compressor package performance measurement uncertainty can be limited and meaningful results can be achieved.

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