The importance of aerodynamics for prosthetic limb design used by competitive cyclists with an amputation: An introduction

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryce Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Prosthetic Limb ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

Background/Objectives: This study introduces the importance of the aerodynamics to prosthetic limb design for athletes with either a lower-limb or upper-limb amputation. Study design: The study comprises two elements: 1) An initial experiment investigating the stability of outdoor velodrome-based field tests, and 2) An experiment evaluating the application of outdoor velodrome aerodynamic field tests to detect small-scale changes in aerodynamic drag respective of prosthetic limb componentry changes. Methods: An outdoor field-testing method is used to detect small and repeatable changes in the aerodynamic drag of an able-bodied cyclist. These changes were made at levels typical of alterations in prosthetic componentry. The field-based test method of assessment is used at a smaller level of resolution than previously reported. Results: With a carefully applied protocol, the field test method proved to be statistically stable. The results of the field test experiments demonstrate a noticeable change in overall athlete performance. Aerodynamic refinement of artificial limbs is worthwhile for athletes looking to maximise their competitive performance. Conclusion: A field-testing method illustrates the importance of the aerodynamic optimisation of prosthetic limb components. The field-testing protocol undertaken in this study gives an accessible and affordable means of doing so by prosthetists and sports engineers. Clinical relevance Using simple and accessible field-testing methods, this exploratory experiment demonstrates how small changes to riders’ equipment, consummate of the scale of a small change in prosthetics componentry, can affect the performance of an athlete. Prosthetists should consider such opportunities for performance enhancement when possible.

The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine — III

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendernath Miriyala ◽  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey Price ◽  
Karren More ◽  
Peter Tortorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Barrier Coating

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) Program and the Advanced Materials Program, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), several silicon carbide/silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) combustor liners were field tested in a Solar Turbines Centaur 50S gas turbine, which accumulated approximately 40000 hours by the end of 2001. To date, five field tests were completed at Chevron, Bakersfield, CA, and one test at Malden Mills, Lawrence, MA. The evaluation of SiC/SiC liners with an environmental barrier coating (EBC) after the fifth field test at Bakersfield (13937 hours) and the first field test at Malden Mills (7238 hours) is presented in this paper. The work at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in support of the field tests was supported by DOE’s Continuous Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic Composite (CFCC) Program.

scholarly journals Predicting the durability of zinc coatings based on laboratory and field tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Mark Kovalev ◽  
Ekaterina Alekseeva ◽  
Nikita Shaposhnikov ◽  
Anton Povyshev
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Thermal Diffusion ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Salt Fog

Galvanizing is one of the most common methods of corrosion protection. For the deposition of zinc coatings used such methods as gas-thermal deposition, thermal diffusion saturation in powder, hot-dip galvanizing, cladding, and galvanic precipitating during electrolysis. The hot-dip galvanizing is the most common method, which is used in construction, automotive and other industries. Paper presents the results of research of zinc coatings used in sea conditions. The aim of the work was to determine an acceleration factor by comparing the corrosion rate in laboratory conditions with the data from field tests. Laboratory studies were carried out in a salt fog chamber. Samples were periodically removed from chamber to build the dependence of the corrosion rate on the exposure time. Field tests were carried out at the exploitation area. Result of the work is a guide that allows to predict the corrosion rates of zinc coatings using laboratory tests. The advantage of this test method is shorter time of exposure in comparison with field test.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PANLINTARMATIKA (PAPAN PERKALIAN PINTAR MATEMATIKA) MATERI PERKALIAN UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Hasna Nur Afifah ◽  
Meita Fitrianawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Quantitative Data Analysis ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
The Media ◽  
Information Collecting

This study aims to 1) find out the steps in developing Panlintarmatika learning media, 2) know the feasibility of developing Panlintarmatika learning media based on experts.  This study is a type of Research and Development (RD) research using the Borg and Gal model which consists of: (1) research and information collecting, (2) planning, (3) developing preliminary from a product, (4) prelimunary field testing,  (5) main product revision, (6) main field testing, (7) operational product revision (8) operational field testing.  The trial subjects used were 18 grade 2 students and teachers at SD N Kalangan.  Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and questionnaires.  Data analysis includes quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis.  The results showed that the validation of the media experts received a score of 60 in the "Very good" category, the validation of the material experts received a score of 42 in the "Good" category and the learning expert received a score of 60 in the "Good" category.  The results of the small-scale field test students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher gets a score of 94 with the category "Very Good".  Large-scale field test results students get a score of 100 with the category "Very Good" and the teacher scores 98 with a score of "Very Good" It can be concluded that the Panlintarmatika learning media is feasible and can be used as class 2 learning multiplication material

scholarly journals Field Test and Analysis of Energy-Saving Effects of Energy-Recovery Ventilators on Heat-Pump Electricity Consumption in a Classroom

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2069
Author(s):  
Jae-Sol Choi ◽  
Eui-Jong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Actual System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Saving Rates

Energy-recovery ventilators (ERVs) are regarded as important energy-saving systems in buildings. It has been reported that they have high energy-saving rates compared with conventional ventilators that operate without energy recovery, but the saving rates have been obtained typically by employing chamber tests and simulations. In this work, a field-test method is proposed that uses a single test room but alternates the tested ventilation modes hourly. This proposed method is useful because an additional comparison room is not always available and can be a source of uncertainty for field tests. The test is performed in a classroom during a heating period, and the results are calibrated to account for different experimental conditions during the test period. The calibrated energy-saving rates indicate the effectiveness of the ERV; however, they are lower in the early hours of the system operation, for two reasons: (1) the maximum power control schemes of the heat pumps are applied for cases where the indoor temperatures are far lower than the set-point temperature; (2) the ventilation load seemingly represents a decreasing proportion of the total heating load in early hours owing to the thermal-capacity effects for the building, which was cooled for many hours. The findings are verified via a chamber test and simulations. As a consequence, it is important to account for actual system characteristics affected by the thermal behaviors of classrooms when the overall performance of a system is evaluated.

The Development and Application of Slug Test in Hydrogeology

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 831-834
Author(s):  
Xiao Qiong Deng ◽  
Ji Dong Su
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Pumping Test ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Theoretic Model ◽  
High Permeability ◽  
Slug Test ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Hydrogeological Parameters ◽  
Underground Water Level

The slug test is a field-testing method to evaluate hydrogeological parameters by recording the instantaneous change of the underground water level. Basing on abroad development of slug test, this paper tried to measure some parameters of aquifer with middle and high permeability using high accuracy testing. According to field tests and existing pumping data, discussed difference of several theoretic model, analyzed and computed the hydrogeological parameters of a certain spot in Chang Chun, China by classical Cooper Model. At last, comparing with pumping test, the accuracy of the test was verified, which supplied the theory foundation for its application and generalization.

The Evaluation of CFCC Liners After Field Testing in a Gas Turbine: V

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Kimmel ◽  
Jeffrey Price ◽  
Karren More ◽  
Peter Tortorelli ◽  
Tania Bhatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Field Test ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Barrier Coating

Under the Ceramic Stationary Gas Turbine (CSGT) and Advanced Material Program sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), a team led by Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar) has successfully designed engines utilizing SiC/SiC continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composite (CFCC) combustor liners. Their potential for low NOx and CO emissions was demonstrated in ten separate field-engine tests for an accumulated duration of more than 68,000-hours. In the first four field tests, the durability of the CFCC liners was limited primarily by the long-term stability of SiC in the high-pressure steam environment of the gas turbine combustor. Consequently, the need for an environmental barrier coating (EBC) to meet the 30,000-hour life goal was recognized. An EBC developed under the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) High Speed Civil Transport, Enabling Propulsion Materials (EPM) program was improved, optimized and applied on the SiC/SiC liners by United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) from the fifth field test onwards. Presented in this paper is the evaluation of the field test with a modified EBC using Strontium Aluminum Silicate (SAS) on SiC/SiC CFCC liners after 8,368-hours.

scholarly journals Towards a field test for fracture propagation propensity in weak snowpack layers

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (176) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Gauthier ◽  
Bruce Jamieson
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Fracture Propagation ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Fracture Initiation ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Flexural Wave ◽  
Weak Layer ◽  
Columbia Mountains ◽  
Initiation And Propagation

AbstractSlab avalanche release requires fracture initiation and propagation in a weak snowpack layer. While field tests of weak-layer strength are useful for fracture initiation, the challenge remains to find a verified field test for fracture propagation. We introduce the two current versions of a field test for fracture propagation propensity, and report results of testing conducted in the Columbia Mountains of British Columbia, Canada, during the winter of 2005. By extending the column of a stability test approximately 3 m in the downslope direction, the test method allows for the development of a flexural wave in the slab, and thereby maintains the contribution of this wave and the associated weak-layer collapse to the fracture process. Fracture lengths collected on a day and location where the propagation propensity of the snowpack was locally high show a bimodal distribution, with approximately 50% of observed fractures similar to those collected in stable snowpacks, and approximately 50% with much longer fracture lengths.

How Engineering Psychologists Can Improve Night Driving Safety: Automobile Headlighting Research

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
Rudolf G. Mortimer ◽  
Judith M. Becker ◽  
Paul L. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Vehicle headlamps do not provide adequate seeing distances in night driving conditions in which fixed (street) lighting is not provided. This may partly account for the greater accident rate at night than in daytime. Therefore, there is a need for improved vehicle headlighting. This paper describes an integrated approach toward the investigation of various problems that detract from the effectiveness of current headlighting and the development of experimental and analytical procedures that can be used to develop improved vehicle headlighting systems. Studies were conducted of a number of factors which affect the aim of headlamps, including the ability of persons in the service trade to aim lamps, the effectiveness of factory aim, the effects of vehicle service and of vehicle loading on headlamp aim. In this way the major factors that contribute to poor aiming of headlamps were discerned. Since numerous testing procedures are currently being used to evaluate the effectiveness of headlamp beams which make it difficult to generalize findings from one procedure to another, effort was devoted toward the development of an acceptable field testing method. A dynamic field test method, using driver subjects, was devised, including the development of suitable vision targets. Test-retest reliability of the approach was about 0.97. The procedure was used to determine visibility distances, in night driving, for various headlamp beams, as well as to provide basic data for the development of an analytical model to predict seeing distances. An analytical model was developed and verified against the field test data, and found to provide a valid means of predicting seeing distances in a variety of test conditions, including different headlamp beams. The use of the model is illustrated by showing the effects of the aim of headlamps, as well as comparisons between different meeting beams, including comparisons between the present U.S. and European beams and a proposed mid beam. It is found that the mid beam concept will provide increased seeing distances for drivers in the lane being traveled and to the right of the lane when meeting another vehicle on a two-lane road and on divided highways. A procedure for the development of an appropriate control/display configuration for switching between low, mid and high beams is also described. It is believed that the use of these tools will assist lighting engineers in the development of improved vehicle headlighting systems.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Shuttlecock Velocity Based on the Field Test Method of The Home Industry Products in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ucup Yusup ◽  
Agus Rusdiana
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Final Velocity ◽  
3D Motion Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Home Industries

One of the main components of badminton games is shuttlecock. The shuttlecock home industries in Indonesia mainly employ for about 20-40 freelance workers. The workers in the home industries are able to produce 500-100 slops of shuttlecock daily. The guarantee of the shuttlecock quality produced by home industries, either through the laboratory tests or field tests, is rarely conducted formally. Therefore, we are interested in conducting an academic study on the velocity of the shuttlecocks produced by the workers of the shuttlecock home industries that have been distributed in Indonesia markets. There are eight widely distributed shuttlecock brands produced by the home industries in Indonesia, including Taiso, Saporate, Netra, Arjuna, Kuda Mas, Rivals, Purnama, and Spin. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of aerodynamics rate of the shuttlecock produced by home industries by comparing the rate of motion of the shuttlecock in different distances started from the initial velocity to the final velocity when the shuttlecocks impact to the ground. The method used in this study was a descriptive qualitative study. The instruments used were three high resolution handy cams, a set of calibration, and the 3D motion analysis system software (Frame Diaz IV). The result of this study showed that the average velocity of the shuttlecock, started from the initial velocity to the final velocity with 5 meter distance, reached 85.0 m/s., while the average final velocity reached 29.8m/s at 5 meter distance. From all of the shuttlecock types tested in the field test for their velocity, it was found that the Spin brand moved with a high velocity with 12.8% of percentage. Meanwhile, the lowest velocity of the shuttlecock was found in the Taiso brand where the percentage was 15.3% in 9 meter and12 meter distances. The study concludes that the average of various shuttlecock brands’ speeds are in the normal category except for the Taiso and Spin brands.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Komik Edukasi: Komikadp untuk Mengurangi Kekerasan dalam Pacaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249
Author(s):  
Eka Heriyani ◽  
Nurul Nurrachman ◽  
Cici Yulia
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Guidance And Counseling ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of this research is to develop Komikadp educational comics. This study uses the research, research and development (R&D) 4D model. The subject of this research was an expert test by the UNTIRTA Guidance and Counseling lecturer, Mr. Arga Satrio Prabowo M, Pd. Field testing by all Muhammadiyah Junior High Schools throughout DKI Jakarta. Collecting data using interviews and assessment sheets consisting of a checklist for quantitative data and a description for qualitative data. After going through the define, design, develop stages, the Komikadp educational comic prototype obtained an expert test assessment and a very feasible field test with expert test details with an average value of 88.70% and field tests with an average value of 81.79%. The comments obtained from the expert test are that the comic is already very good, it needs further development and the story continues so that this comic does not stop here. The comments obtained from the field test of the media used are in accordance with the character of teenagers, interesting, creative, simple stories but rich in meaning, and very related to today's youth, it's just that the cause and effect need to be added and how to overcome them by counseling the BK teacher. The final decision obtained from the results of the expert test and field test is acceptable, appropriate, and feasible so that it can be used as a basis for carrying out the next stage without improvement

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