Optimization of a Micro Gas Turbine Using Genetic Algorithm

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Pourhasanzadeh ◽  
Sajjad Bigham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

Distributed generation is an attractive way of producing energy, minimizing transport losses and enhancing energy efficiency. Micro gas turbines in distributed generation systems add other advantages such as low emissions and fuel flexibility. In the present work, a 100 kW micro gas turbine is considered. The optimization procedure is done by Genetic Algorithm method which is a new method in optimizing problems. The plant is comprised of an air compressor, recuperator, combustion chamber and gas turbine. The design Parameters of the plant, were chosen as: compressor pressure ratio, compressor isentropic efficiency, gas turbine isentropic efficiency, combustion chamber inlet temperature and the temperature of the combustion gas at the gas turbine inlet. In order to find the design parameters optimally, a thermo-economic approach has been followed. An objective function, representing the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, was defined as the sum of the operating cost, related to the fuel consumption, the capital investment which stands for equipment purchase and maintenance cost. Subsequently, different parts of the objective function have been expressed in terms of design variables. Finally, the optimal values of design variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using Genetic Algorithm code that is developed in Matlab software programming.

Thermodynamic Modeling and Optimization of Cogeneration Heat and Power System Using Evolutionary Algorithm (Genetic Algorithm)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ebrahimi ◽  
H. Karrabi ◽  
S. Ghadami ◽  
H. Barzegar ◽  
S. Rasoulipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

A gas-turbine cogeneration system with a regenerative air preheater and a single-pressure exhaust gas boiler serves as an example for application of CHP Plant. This CHP plant which can provide 30 MW of electric power and 14kg/s saturated steam at 20 bars. The plant is comprised of a gas turbine, air compressor, combustion chamber, and air pre-heater as well as a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The design Parameters of the plant, were chosen as: compressor pressure ratio (rc), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηac), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηgt), combustion chamber inlet temperature (T3), and turbine inlet temperature (T4). In order to optimally find the design parameters a thermoeconomic approach has been followed. An objective function, representing the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, was defined as the sum of the operating cost, related to the fuel consumption. Subsequently, different pars of objective function have been expressed in terms of decision variables. Finally, the optimal values of decision variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using Evolutionary algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm. The influence of changes in the demanded power on the design parameters has been also studied for 30, 40 MW of net power output.

Second Law Based Optimization of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) Cycle for Residental Application Using a Genetic Algorithm

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Enadi ◽  
P. Ahmadi ◽  
F. Atabi ◽  
M. R. Heibati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

Exergoeconomic analysis helps designers to find ways to improve the performance of a system in a cost effective way. Most of the conventional exergoeconomic optimization methods are iterative in nature and require the interpretation of the designer at each iteration. In this work, a cogeneration system that produces 50MW of electricity and 33.3 kg/s of saturated steam at 13 bars is optimized using exergoeconomic principles and evolutionary programming such as Genetic algorithm. The optimization program is developed in Matlab Software programming. The plant is comprised of a gas turbine, air compressor, combustion chamber, and air pre-heater as well as a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG).The design Parameters of the plant, were chosen as: compressor pressure ratio (rc), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηac), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηgt), combustion chamber inlet temperature (T3), and turbine inlet temperature (T4). In order to optimally find the design parameters a thermoeconomic approach has been followed. An objective function, representing the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, was defined as the sum of the operating cost, related to the fuel consumption. Subsequently, different pars of objective function have been expressed in terms of decision variables. Finally, the optimal values of decision variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using Evolutionary algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm. The influence of changes in the demanded power on the design parameters has been also studied for 50, 60, 70 MW of net power output.

Exegetic Modeling and Second Law Based Optimization of Cogeneration Heat and Power System Using Evolutionary Algorithm (Genetic Algorithm)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Khalilarya ◽  
Samad Jafarmadar ◽  
Arzhang Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Evolutionary Algorithm ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

A gas-turbine cogeneration system with a regenerative air preheater and a single-pressure exhaust gas boiler serves as an example for application of CHP Plant. This CHP plant which can provide 30 MW of electric power and 14kg/s saturated steam at 20 bars. The plant is comprised of a gas turbine, air compressor, combustion chamber, and air pre-heater as well as a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The design Parameters of the plant, were chosen as: compressor pressure ratio (re), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηac), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηgt), combustion chamber inlet temperature (T3), and turbine inlet temperature (T4). In order to optimally find the design parameters a thermoeconomic approach has been followed. An objective function, representing the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, was defined as the sum of the operating cost, related to the fuel consumption. Subsequently, different pars of objective function have been expressed in terms of decision variables. Finally, the optimal values of decision variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using Evolutionary algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm. The influence of changes in the demanded power on the design parameters has been also studied for 30, 40 MW of net power output.

Thermoeconomic Optimization of Gas Turbine Combined Heat and Power System in a Paper Mill

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Sanaye ◽  
Maziar Ghazinejad
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Saturated Steam ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Isentropic Efficiency

Located in the South of Iran, Jiroft Paper Mill Company requires an integrated combined heat and power plant, which can provide 50 MW of electric power and 100 ton/hr saturated steam at 13 bars, to produce paper from an adjacent eucalyptus forest. The plant is comprised of a gas turbine, air compressor, combustion chamber, and air preheater as well as a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG). The design Parameters of the plant were chosen as: compressor pressure ratio (rc), compressor isentropic efficiency (ηAC), gas turbine isentropic efficiency (ηT), combustion chamber inlet temperature (T3), and turbine inlet temperature (T4). In order to optimally find the design parameters a thermoeconomic approach has been followed. An objective function representing the total cost of the plant in terms of dollar per second, was defined as the sum of the operating cost related to the fuel consumption, and the capital investment which stands for equipment purchase and maintenance costs and the cost, corresponding to the exergy destruction in various components. Subsequently, different parts of the objective function have been expressed in terms of decision variables. Finally, the optimal values of decision variables were obtained by minimizing the objective function using sequential quadratic programming (SQP). The influence of changes in the demanded power and steam on the design parameters have been also studied for 40, 50, 60, and 70 MW of net power output, and 100, 120, 150, ton/hr of saturated steam mass flow rate.

Modeling and Exergy and Exergoeconomic Optimization of a Gas Turbine Power Plant Using a Genetic Algorithm

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Fouladi ◽  
Hamid Saffari
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Turbine Power Plant

In this paper, the thermodynamic modelling of a gas turbine power plant in Iran is performed. Also, a computer code has been developed based on Matlab software. Moreover, both exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of this power plant have been conducted. To have a good insight into this study, the effects of key parameters such as compressor pressure ratio, gas turbine inlet temperature (TIT), compressor and turbine isentropic efficiency on the total exergy destruction, total exergy efficiency as well as total cost of exergy destruction have been performed. The modelling results have been compared with an actual running power plant located in Yazd city, Iran. The results of developed code have shown reasonable agreement between the simulation code results and experimental data obtained from power plant. The exergy analysis revealed that the combustion chamber is the must exergy destructor in comparison with other components. Also, its exergy efficiency is less than other components. This is due to the high temperature difference between working fluid and burner temperature. In addition, it was found that by the increase of TIT, the exergy destruction of this component can be reduced. On the other hand, the cost of exergy destruction is high for the combustion chamber. The effects of design parameters on exergy efficiency have shown that increase in the air compressor ratio and TIT, increases the total exergy efficiency of the cycle. Furthermore, the results have revealed that by the increase of TIT by 350°C, the cost of exergy destruction is decreased about 22%. Therefore, TIT is the best option to improve the cycle losses. In addition, an optimization using a genetic algorithm has been conducted to find the optimal solution of the plant.

Improving Emission and Blow-Out Characteristics of Novel Natural Gas Low NOx Burners for Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Cerutti ◽  
Michele Roma ◽  
Alessio Picchi ◽  
Riccardo Becchi ◽  
Bruno Facchini
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Flame Stabilization ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Geometrical Features ◽  
Heavy Duty Gas Turbine ◽  
Operating Window

Abstract The development and the optimization of a novel dry low NOx burner may require several steps of improvement. The first step of the overall development process has been documented by authors in a previous paper and included an exhaustive experimental characterization of a set of novel geometries. The in-depth results analysis allowed to correlate the investigated design parameters to burner performances, discovering possible two-fold optimization paths. Recurrent verifications of the assumptions made to define prototypes design are considered a mandatory step to avoid significant deviation from the correct optimization path, which strongly depends on both objective function definition and selection of design variables. Concerning the objective function, a proper mathematical formulation was proposed in the previous work, which represented a balance between two apparently conflicting aspect like flame stability and low emissions. Concerning design variables, outcomes of the first test campaign have been used in the present work to define new burner geometries. Starting from a new baseline who has showed the widest low NOx operating window, additional geometrical features have been considered in this survey as potentially affecting flame stabilization. Thanks to the degree of freedom offered by DMLM technology, rapid prototyping of alternative geometries allowed to easily setup a new experimental plan for the second optimization step. Exploiting the same approach used in the first test campaign, new geometries have been tested in a single-cup test rig at gas turbine relevant operating conditions, showing Stable low-NOx operating windows have been evaluated throughout dedicated objective functions for all geometries and results showed lower NOx and CO emissions as a consequence of the newly introduced geometrical modifications. Moreover, the comparison with the estimates of the previous campaign proved the existence of the identified optimization path. Indeed, it furnished valid elements for further using of the proposed methodology for the improvement of emission and blow-out characteristics of novel burners and, more in general, for the development of a novel dry low NOx technology.

Numerical Analysis of Biomass-Derived Gaseous Fuels Fired in a RQL Micro Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber: Preliminary Results

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Laranci ◽  
Edoardo Bursi ◽  
Francesco Fantozzi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide

The economically sustainable availability of biomass residuals and the growing need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from power generation facilities has driven the development of a series of processes that lead to the production of a variety of biomass-derived fuels gaseous fuels, such as syngas, pyrolysis gas, landfill gas and digester gas. These technologies can find an ideal coupling when used for fuelling micro gas turbines, especially for distributed power generation applications, in a range between 50 and 500 kWE. This paper features a report on numerical activity carried out at the University of Perugia on a 80 kWE micro gas turbine annular combustion chamber, featuring RQL technology, that has been numerically modeled in order to verify combustion requirements, principally in terms of air/fuel ratio and lower heating value, simulating mixtures with varying chemical composition. The use of CFD turbulence and combustion modeling, via both Eddy Break-up and non-adiabatic PPDF methods, allows us to evaluate flame temperatures and stability, NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons emissions, under various load conditions, for the different fuel mixtures taken into account.

Solar Desalination Based on Micro Gas Turbines Driven by Parabolic Dish Collectors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sánchez ◽  
Miguel Rollán ◽  
Lourdes García-Rodríguez ◽  
G. S. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Distillation Unit ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary design and techno-economic assessment of an innovative solar system for the simultaneous production of water and electricity at small scale, based on the combination of a solar micro gas turbine and a bottoming desalination unit. The proposed layout is such that the former system converts solar energy into electricity and rejects heat that can be used to drive a thermal desalination plant. A design model is developed in order to select the main design parameters for two different desalination technologies, phase change and membrane desalination, in order to better exploit the available electricity and waste heat from the turbine. In addition to the usual design parameters of the mGT, the impact of the size of the collector is also assessed and, for the desalination technologies, a tailored multi-effect distillation unit is analysed through the selection of the corresponding design parameters. A reverse osmosis desalination system is also designed in parallel, based on commercial software currently used by the water industry. The results show that the electricity produced by the solar micro gas turbine can be used to drive a Reverse Osmosis system effectively whereas the exhaust gases could drive a distillation unit. This would decrease the stack temperature of the plant, increasing the overall energy efficiency of the system. Nevertheless, the better thermodynamic performance of this fully integrated system does not translate into a more economical production of water. Indeed, the cost of water turns out lower when coupling the solar microturbine and Reverse Osmosis units only (between 3 and 3.5 €/m3), whilst making further use the available waste heat in a Multi Effect Distillation system rises the cost of water by 15%.

A multi-factor methodology for evaluation and optimization of plate-fin recuperators for micro gas turbine applications considering payback period as universal objective function

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2411-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyman Maghsoudi ◽  
Sadegh Sadeghi ◽  
Qingang Xiong ◽  
Saiied Mostafa Aminossadati
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Exergy Destruction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Louvered Fin

Purpose Because of the appreciable application of heat recovery systems for the increment of overall efficiency of micro gas turbines, promising evaluation and optimization are crucial. This paper aims to propose a multi-factor theoretical methodology for analysis, optimization and comparison of potential plate-fin recuperators incorporated into micro gas turbines. Energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental factors are covered. Design/methodology/approach To demonstrate applicability and reliability of the methodology, detailed thermo-hydraulic analysis, sensitivity analysis and optimization are conducted on the recuperators with louver and offset-strip fins using a genetic algorithm. To assess the relationship between investment cost and profit for the recuperated systems, payback period (PBP), which incorporates all the factors is used as the universal objective function. To compare the performance of the recuperated and non-recuperated systems, exergy efficiency, exergy destruction and corresponding cost rate, fuel consumption and environmental damage cost rates, capital and operational cost rates and acquired profit rates are determined. Findings Based on the results, optimal PBP of the louvered-fin recuperator (147 days) is slightly lower than that with offset-strip fins (153 days). The highest profit rate is acquired by reduction of exergy destruction cost rate and corresponding decrements for louver and offset-strip fins are 2.3 and 3.9 times compared to simple cycle, respectively. Originality/value This mathematical study, for the first time, focuses on introducing a reliable methodology, which covers energetic, exergetic, economic and environmental points of view beneficial for design and selection of efficient plate-fin recuperators for micro gas turbine applications.

Experimental and Numerical Study on Emission Characteristics of the Double Annular Swirler Under Different Pilot Fuel Ratios

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Zong ◽  
Yaya Lyu ◽  
Desan Guo ◽  
Chengqin Li ◽  
Tong Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Combustion Chamber ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Micro Gas Turbine ◽  
Pilot Fuel

Micro gas turbine is one of the ideal prime movers for small-distributed energy systems. It can effectively reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and nitrogen oxides. Moreover, the use of micro gas turbines will contribute to burning fossil fuels in a much cleaner way. The staged combustion technology is the favorite way for low pollution combustion chamber such like. Therefore, the influence of the proportion of pilot fuel in the combustion chamber on pollutant emission deserves further study. The object of this research is the Double annular swirler (Das), which was applied to a 100 kW micro gas turbine combustion chamber. The combustion performance and emission characteristics under different Pilot Fuel Ratios (PFR) were obtained in prototype experimental system. Under the experimental conditions, Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was applied to research the reacting flow field and the formation of NOx in the combustion chamber and then analyze the influences of PFRs on combustion process. Experimental results show that the NOx emission of Das decreased at first and then increased with the augment of PFR. When PFR was near to 11%, the per unit NOx emission concentration reached its minimum. The numerical simulation agreed well with the experimental data. Further analysis of the simulation results indicate that there is a strong correlation between Φlocal and NOx concentration. When it is lower than a certain value, the number of nitrogen oxides will be significantly reduced. The value has a lot to do with the inlet air temperature and the pressure of the combustion chamber under the design condition, and it needs to be confirmed by calculating the adiabatic temperature. Simultaneously, we also find that although the percentage of total air flowing into the combustor remains unchanged, the increase of PFR would reduce the airflow ratio in inner swirler. This implies that for some particular combustion chambers, special attention should be paid to the changes in air allocation caused by PFR.

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