Energy Recovery in Natural Gas Compressor Stations Taking Advantage of Organic Rankine Cycle: Preliminary Design Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
F. Melino ◽  
V. Orlandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Power Recovery

Gas compressor stations represent a huge potential for exhaust heat recovery. Typical installations consist of open cycle configurations with multiple gas turbine units, usually operated under part-load conditions during the year with limited conversion efficiency. At least, one of the installed unit serves as back-up to ensure the necessary reserve power and the safe operation of the station. Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been proven as an economical and environmentally friendly solution to recover waste heat from gas turbines, improving the overall energy system performance and reducing the CO2 emissions. In this context, taking as reference typical gas compressor stations located in North America, the paper investigates the potential benefit of ORC application, as bottomer section of gas turbines, in natural gas compression facilities. Thus, ORC converts gas turbines wasted heat into useful additional power that can be used inside the compression facility reducing the amount of consumed natural gas and, consequently, the environmental emissions, or directed to the grid, thus furthermore earning economic benefits. Different case studies are examined with reference to two typical compressor station size ranges: a “small-medium” and a “medium-high” size range. Two different gas turbine models are considered according to most common manufacturers. Typical gas compressor stations and integrated cycle configurations are identified. Based on Turboden experience in development and production of ORCs, specific design options and constraints, layout arrangements and operating parameters are examined and compared in this study, such as the use of an intermediate heat transfer fluid, the type of organic fluid, the influence of superheating degree and condensation temperature values. Emphasis is given on thermodynamic performance of the integrated system by evaluating thermal energy and mechanical power recovery. Several key performance indexes are defined such as, the ORC power and efficiency, the specific power recovery per unit of compression power, the integrated system net overall power output and efficiency, the ORC expander and heat exchangers size parameters, the carbon emission savings, etc. The performed comparison of various configurations shows that: (i) the energy recovery with ORC can be remarkable, adding up to more than 35% of additional shaft power to the compression station in the best configuration; (ii) the ORC condensation temperature value has a significant impact on the ORC bottomer cycle and on the integrated system performance; (iii) in case of Cyclopentane, keeping the same ORC cycle operating parameters, the max specific power recovery is achieved in the direct configuration case, (iv) the bottomer cycle size can be reduced with the use of a refrigerant fluid (R1233zd(E)), compared to hydrocarbon fluids; (v) the max environmental benefit can be up to 120 kg CO2/h saved per MW of installed compression power.

Cogenerative Performance of a Wind–Gas Turbine–Organic Rankine Cycle Integrated System for Offshore Applications

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
Francesco Melino ◽  
Valentina Orlandini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Offshore Wind

Gas Turbines (GT) are widely used for power generation in offshore oil and gas facilities, due to their high reliability, compactness and dynamic response capabilities. Small heavy duty and aeroderivative units in multiple arrangements are typically used to offer larger load flexibility, but limited efficiency of such machines is the main drawback. A solution to enhance the system performance, also in Combined Heat and Power (CHP) arrangement, is the implementation of Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems at the bottom of the gas turbines. Moreover, the resulting GT-ORC combined cycle could be further integrated with additional renewable sources. Offshore wind technology is rapidly developing and floating wind turbines could be combined with offshore GT-ORC based power plants to satisfy the platform load. The pioneering stand alone power system, for an oil and gas platform, examined in this paper comprises a 10MW offshore wind farm and three gas turbines rated for 16.5MW, each one coupled with an 4.5MW ORC module. The ORC main parameters are observed under different wind power fluctuations. Due to the non-programmable availability of wind and power demand, the part-load and dynamic characteristics of the system should be investigated. A dynamic model of the power system based on first principles is used, developed in the Modelica language. The model is integrated with a time series-based model of two offshore wind mills. Various thermodynamic indexes, available in the literature, are identified and evaluated to compare the actual combined heat and power performances of single components and of the overall integrated system in the considered wind scenarios.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic Analysis of a Rankine Cycle Powered Vapor Compression Ice Maker Using Solar Energy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Hu ◽  
Xianbiao Bu ◽  
Weibin Ma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ice Production

To develop the organic Rankine-vapor compression ice maker driven by solar energy, a thermodynamic model was developed and the effects of generation temperature, condensation temperature, and working fluid types on the system performance were analyzed. The results show that the cooling power per square meter collector and ice production per square meter collector per day depend largely on generation temperature and condensation temperature and they increase firstly and then decrease with increasing generation temperature. For every working fluid there is an optimal generation temperature at which organic Rankine efficiency achieves the maximum value. The cooling power per square meter collector and ice production per square meter collector per day are, respectively, 126.44 W m−2and 7.61 kg m−2 day−1at the generation temperature of 140°C for working fluid of R245fa, which demonstrates the feasibility of organic Rankine cycle powered vapor compression ice maker.

scholarly journals Organic Rankine Cycle for Residual Heat to Power Conversion in Natural Gas Compressor Station. Part I: Modelling and Optimisation Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-258
Author(s):  
Maciej Chaczykowski
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Compressor Station ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Exhaust Heat ◽  
Waste Energy

Abstract Basic organic Rankine cycle (ORC), and two variants of regenerative ORC have been considered for the recovery of exhaust heat from natural gas compressor station. The modelling framework for ORC systems has been presented and the optimisation of the systems was carried out with turbine power output as the variable to be maximized. The determination of ORC system design parameters was accomplished by means of the genetic algorithm. The study was aimed at estimating the thermodynamic potential of different ORC configurations with several working fluids employed. The first part of this paper describes the ORC equipment models which are employed to build a NLP formulation to tackle design problems representative for waste energy recovery on gas turbines driving natural gas pipeline compressors.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of a New Combined Organic Rankine Cycle and Vapor Compression Cogeneration and Tri-Generation and Water Desalination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noureddine Toujani ◽  
Nahla Bouaziz ◽  
Lakder Kairouani
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Condensation Temperature ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Combined System ◽  
New System

The new ORC-VCC combined system is analyzed. It is a new system that can be operated in four modes depending on the type of energy. The novelty of the system appears essentially in the development of new ORC-VCC combination architecture, the lowering of the condensation temperature, the possibility of cold production by the ORC cycle affected by the pumping phase, preheating of fluid cycle using the VCC cycle fluid, and new configurations based on the integration of heat recovery systems to improve overall system performance. In addition, each installation mode has several configurations depending on the recovery points that will be integrated later, besides its adaptation to any energy source, where we can use biomass, solar, and heat rejects of industry at low temperatures (60–130°C). This system can produce under and above zero temperature. Although, due to its architecture, it is also characterized by many combination of selection fluid for the ORC and VCC cycles, it is not necessary to have the same working fluid as in the classic systems. In this study, three configurations are examined and studied in terms of energy efficiency mainly the performance of each configuration including net power, refrigeration capacity and overall efficiency, the thermal efficiency for ORC.

Optimal Load Allocation of Compressors Drivers Taking Advantage of Organic Rankine Cycle As WHR Solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Lisa Branchini ◽  
Andrea De Pascale ◽  
Francesco Melino ◽  
Antonio Peretto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Optimal Distribution ◽  
Wasted Heat

Abstract Natural gas demand is projected to continue growing in the long-run and the gas distribution networks are intended to expand with it. The gas compression, along the pipeline, is usually performed in centrifugal compressors driven by gas turbines. In a typical installation, a significant portion of primary energy introduced with natural gas is discharged into the atmosphere with gas turbine exhaust gases, as wasted heat. Since the important investment of the last years, it is of major interest to study solutions for compressor stations, in order to reduce the primary energy consumption and the operative costs. A promising way to enhance the process efficiency, achieving the aforementioned goals, involves recovering compressors drivers wasted heat and converting it into mechanical or electrical energy through an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). In this study, the feasibility of adding additional compressor capacity inside the station, with the help of an ORC, as waste heat recovery technology, is studied. In particular, the Authors propose a procedure to identify the bottomer cycle optimal size and to re-define the optimal distribution of driver’s loads inside the station. The strategy consists in the resolution of a minimum constrained problem, such as the loads are re-allocated between gas turbines and ORC, in order to minimize the fuel consumption of the station. Constraints of the problem are the load balance of the system and the regulation limits of each units. The objectives are: (i) to identify the optimal sizes for ORC and electric motor driven compressor to be installed; (ii) to redefine the optimal distribution of the loads based on an annual operating profile of compressors; (iii) to quantify the environmental savings in terms of CO2 avoided compared to the original set-up of the facility; (iv) to assess the economic feasibility in the presence of additional aspects, as, for example, a carbon tax. A typical interstate gas compressor station, with about 24 MW of mechanical drivers installed is taken as case study. Results of the study show that, for the investigated case study, the optimal ORC size turns out to be close to 5.3 MW, which correspond to an additional compressor power consumption of 4.8 MW that can be provided to the ORC driven compressor. Thus, resulting ORC design allows to produce — via an electric motor generator, connecting the ORC and the user — the 18 % of the yearly station mechanical energy demand. A reduction of 22 % of CO2 emissions, compared to the original arrangement is achieved. The economic feasibility of the proposed solution turns out to be very dependent on the natural gas cost and on the carbon tax, if applied. As expected, higher prices lead to higher avoided costs, thus to higher saving and lower payback periods (4 years), whilst low gas prices and no carbon tax can increase the payback period up to 20 years.

Organic Rankine Cycle System for Effective Energy Recovery in Offshore Applications: A Parametric Investigation With Different Power Rating Gas Turbines

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Bhargava ◽  
M. Bianchi ◽  
L. Branchini ◽  
A. De Pascale ◽  
V. Orlandini
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Maintenance Cost

A comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle based energy recovery system, considering a wide spectrum of gas turbines with power ratings commonly used in the offshore applications, has been conducted in this paper to demonstrate the potential benefits of this technology. In this study, emphasis is given on the thermodynamic performance of the energy system by evaluating incremental electric power recovery, thermal energy recovery and carbon emissions savings. Effects of an intermediate heat transfer fluid and the utilization of a recuperator for waste energy recovery in the Organic Rankine Cycle on the key performance indicators of the energy system are evaluated. In addition to discussing advantages and limitations of the considered configurations of the bottoming Organic Rankine cycle, it is shown that by using the proposed configurations, a significant amount of additional electric power can be produced which could be used to prevent part-load operations of gas turbines resulting in fuel savings, increased gas turbine’s components life, reduced maintenance cost, and reduced CO2 emissions — a win-win proposition for the offshore projects.

Study of Energy Recovery System Based on Organic Rankine Cycle for Hydraulic Retarder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Gangfeng Tan ◽  
Xuexun Guo ◽  
Ming Chen ◽  
Kangping Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Recovery System ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
Hydraulic Retarder
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