Evaluation of the Sensitivity of a Two-Phase Flow Model for the Steam Separators Analysis

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Chaki ◽  
Michio Murase
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Core Stability ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
High Power Density ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Swirl Vane ◽  
Steam Separator

Reducing of the pressure losses of steam separator systems of boiling water reactor (BWR) plants is useful to reduce the required pump head and enhance core stability design margin. The need to reduce the pressure losses of steam separator systems is especially important in BWR plants that have high power density cores and natural circulation systems. The core flow rate of a BWR plant with a natural circulation system is affected by the pressure losses of steam separator systems. In BWR plants with high power density cores, the core stability design margin is affected by these pressure losses. Generally, reducing the pressure losses of the steam separator systems leads to increased carry-under and carryover. Reducing the pressure losses while keeping the characteristics of both carry-under and carryover is desired, so many studies have been done. The steam separator of a BWR plant consists of a standpipe section, a swirl vane section and three-barrel sections. Two-phase flow of steam and water enters the steam separator through the standpipe section and reaches the swirl vane section. In the swirl vane section, the two-phase flow is given centrifugal force and is basically separated into steam and water. Therefore investigating the two-phase flow characteristics of the swirl vane section is very important. After the swirl vane section, the two-phase flow enters the barrel sections. Each barrel has a pick-off ring. The water in the barrel section is mainly removed by these pick-off rings because the water mainly flows upward as a liquid film in the barrel section due to the centrifugal force given in the swirl vane section. We researched the effect of using the drag force model of the swirling two-phase flow in analyzing a steam separator and we found that the drag force model greatly affects the results of the analysis.

Pressure losses of two-phase flow in a variable-diameter tube

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 717-724
Author(s):  
V. N. Novozhilov ◽  
D. A. Baranov
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Variable Diameter

Experiment and Numerical Simulation of Bubble Behaviors in Argon Gas Injection Into Lead-Bismuth Pool

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Yamada ◽  
Toyou Akashi ◽  
Minoru Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Bubble Rising

In a lead-bismuth alloy (45%Pb-55%Bi) cooled direct contact boiling water fast reactor (PBWFR), steam can be produced by direct contact of feed water with primary Pb-Bi coolant in the upper core plenum, and Pb-Bi coolant can be circulated by buoyancy forces of steam bubbles. As a basic study to investigate the two-phase flow characteristics in the chimneys of PBWFR, a two-dimensional two-phase flow was simulated by injecting argon gas into Pb-Bi pool in a rectangular vessel (400mm in length, 1500mm in height, 50mm in width), and bubble behaviors were investigated experimentally. Bubble sizes, bubble rising velocities and void fractions were measured using void probes. Argon gas was injected through five nozzles of 4mm in diameter into Pb-Bi at two locations. The experimental conditions are the pressure of atmospheric pressure, Pb-Bi temperatures of 443K, and the flow rate of injection Ar gas is 10, 20, and 30 NL/min. The measured bubble rising velocities were distributed in the range from 1 to 3 m/s. The average velocity was about 0.6 m/s. The measured bubble chord lengths were distributed from 1mm up to 30mm. The average chord length was about 7mm. An analysis was performed by two-dimensional and two-fluid model. The experimental results were compared with the analytical results to evaluate the validity of the analytical model. Although large diameter bubbles were observed in the experiment, the drag force model for spherical bubbles performed better for simulation of the experimental result because of high surface tension force of Pb-Bi.

A Natural Circulation Model of the Closed Loop, Two-Phase Thermosyphon for Electronics Cooling

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Haider ◽  
Yogendra K. Joshi ◽  
Wataru Nakayama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Transfer Coefficient ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Saturation Temperature ◽  
Electronics Cooling ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Abstract The study presents a model for the two-phase flow and heat transfer in the closed loop, two-phase thermosyphon (CLTPT) involving co-current natural circulation. Most available models deal with two-phase thermosyphons with counter-current circulation within a closed, vertical, wickless heat pipe. The present research focuses on CLTPTs for electronics cooling that face more complex two-phase flow patterns than the vertical heat pipes, due to closed loop geometry and smaller tube size. The present model is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporator, rising tube, condenser, and the falling tube. The homogeneous two-phase flow model is used to evaluate the friction pressure drop of the two-phase flow imposed by the available gravitational head through the loop. The saturation temperature dictates both the chip temperature and the condenser heat rejection capacity. Thermodynamic constraints are applied to model the saturation temperature, which also depends upon the local heat transfer coefficient and the two-phase flow patterns inside the condenser. The boiling characteristics of the enhanced structure are used to predict the chip temperature. The model is compared with experimental data for dielectric working fluid PF-5060 and is in general agreement with the observed trends. The degradation of condensation heat transfer coefficient due to diminished vapor convective effects, and the presence of subcooled liquid in the condenser are expected to cause higher thermal resistance at low heat fluxes. The local condensation heat transfer coefficient is a major area of uncertainty.

Effects of Quenching Heat Preserving Time on Structure and Properties of Boron-Containing High-Cr White Cast Iron

2012 ◽  
Vol 508 ◽  
pp. 267-270
Author(s):  
Cun Lai Zhang ◽  
Qi Bin Xin
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Backward Facing Step ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Gas Drilling ◽  
Air Drilling ◽  
Annular Pipe

Air drilling technology has been widely used in the oil and gas exploration, coal, geothermal, geological exploration, nuclear industry and other fields due to its high drilling rate and low cost. However, the design of the pneumatic conveying system for the mineral detritus is still largely based on empiricism. The paper was set in the background of gas drilling, mainly studied the gas-solids two-phase flow characteristics in 90 degree bent annular pipe and backward-facing step of an annular pipe, which are very important parts of air drilling. They refer to the bent part and backward-facing step of an annular channel formed by the drill pipe and the borehole wall. A detailed numerical simulation and experimental studies were carried out for the flow structure and pressure losses of gas-solid two-phase in the annular pipe of gas drilling. Since a unified theory has not been developed for the two-phase flow in annular pipe, a lot of experimental work should be conducted. In the experimental research, the paper independently designed and built an annular pipe pneumatic conveying system with 90 degree bend and backward-facing step, including designing material screw feeder, material receiving hopper, pipeline, control system, data acquisition system, and etc. As known, many parameters, such as gas velocity, diameter and density of the particle, and solids loading ratio, can influence the conveying process. How these primordial influence factors act on the pressure losses of two-phase flow in annular pipe was analyzed in this paper. In the numerical simulation research, turbulent two-phase flow calculations were performed with a commercial CFD computer code referred to as FLUENT to study the gas-solid two phase flow in the sections of backward-facing step and 90 degree bent pipe respectively by using Euler-Lagrange method. The RNG κ-ε model and stochastic tracking were involved in the calculation of turbulence dispersion of two phases. The discrete phase model was performed for the solid phase. In the end, the numerical study 3-D results were translated to 1-D results using the standard averaging transformation to compare with experimental results. Predicted results obtained for pressure drop and velocity variations in full developed flows in the cases examined are in good qualitative agreement and are not in quantitative agreement with experimental data. The deviations between the simulations and experimental data lie in the range of 20%-30%. These results suggest commercial CFD codes such as FLUENT can be used productively for investigations into gas-solid two-phase flow phenomena and as an aid in pneumatic conveying design. The studies of the two-phase flow characteristics in the paper will contribute to reliable determination of the optimal condition of pneumatic conveying in gas drilling.

Two-Phase Flow in Liquid Filled Vessels During the Depressurization by Periodic Venting

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Mewes ◽  
Dirk Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Bubbly Flow ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Liquid Flows

Pressurized chemical reactors or storage vessels are often partly filled with liquid mixtures of reacting components. In case of an unexpected and uncontrolled exothermic reaction the temperature might increase. By this the pressure follows and would exceed a critical maximum value if there would be no mechanism to decrease the pressure and the temperature in a very short period of time. A sudden venting by the opening of a safety valve or a rupture disc causes a rapid vaporization of the reacting liquid mixture. A two-phase flow will pass the ventline. Since two-phase gas-liquid flows cause high pressure losses and give rise to limited mass flows leaving the reactor, single-phase gas flows are preferred. This is emphasized by a periodic venting mechanism of the pressurized vessel. Each time the two-phase flow from the bubbling-up liquid inside the vessel reaches a certain cross-section close the entrance of the ventline. The outlet-valve is closed. Inside the vessel the increasing pressure stops the two-phase flow and only single phase flow is leaving the vessel. The two-phase bubbly flow inside the vessel is detected by a tomographic measurement device during the venting process. Experimental results for local and time dependant phase void fractions as well as pressures are compared with those obtained by numerical calculations of the instationary bubble swarm behavior inside the vessel.

Frictional Pressure Losses for Annular Flow of Drilling Mud and Mud-Gas Mixtures

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlinais ◽  
A. T. Bourgoyne ◽  
W. R. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Diameter ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Drilling Mud ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Bingham Plastic ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Annular Geometry

The calculation of single-phase and two-phase flowing pressure gradients in a well annulus is generally based on an extension of empirical correlations developed for Newtonian fluids in circular pipes. Various techniques for extending pipe flow correlations to an annular geometry have been presented in the literature which involve the representation of the annular well geometry with an equivalent circular diameter and the representation of non-Newtonian fluid behavior with an apparent Newtonian viscosity. Unfortunately, little experimental data have been available which would allow a comparison of the relative accuracy of the various proposed techniques. In this study, experimental pressure gradient data have been taken in two 6000-ft wells. Frictional pressure losses for single-phase flow (mud only) in two annuli were compared to values predicted by the Bingham plastic and power law models. These calculations utilized the equivalent diameters defined by the Crittendon criteria, the hydraulic diameter, and the slot approximation. Also, total pressure difference for two-phase flow was measured for one annular geometry. This data was compared to that predicted by the Poettmann and Carpenter, Hagedorn and Brown, Orkiszewski, and Beggs and Brill correlations. Comparison of experimental data with the various prediction techniques was favorable, each having advantage in certain situations. For the data investigated, the Crittendon criteria using a Bingham plastic model gave the best results. The two-phase flow data was best predicted by the Hagedorn and Brown correlation utilizing an equivalent hydraulic diameter.

Design Methodology and Valve Sizing for Heater Drain Systems

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey Loughrin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pressure Losses ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Flow Phenomena ◽  
Flow Pressure ◽  
And Control

Heater drain systems in fossil and nuclear power plants have proven to be among the most complex systems to design due to the occurrence of two–phase flow phenomena. The overall performance of heater drain systems directly relates to proper sizing and design of the piping and control valves. Proper sizing is highly dependent upon accurate and conservative calculation of two-phase flow pressure losses. This paper outlines the various options of solution methods available to the engineer and details one possible method which is simple, yet adequate, and based on the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) for two phase flow for calculation of heater drain system performance. General comparisons are made to the more complex multi-fluid models, flow regime considerations, and non-equilibrium models.

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