Computational Fluid Dynamics of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Turbine for Brayton Thermodynamic Cycle

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wi S. Jeong ◽  
Tae W. Kim ◽  
Kune Y. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Metal ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The supercritical gas turbine Brayton cycle has been adopted in the secondary loop of the Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems, and also planned to be installed in power conversion cycles of the nuclear fusion reactors. Supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) is one of widely considered fluids for this application. The potential beneficiaries include the Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor - Liquid Metal (STAR-LM), the Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor (KALIMER), and the Battery Omnibus Reactor Integral System (BORIS) which is being developed at the Seoul National University. The reason for these welcomed applications is that the SCO2 Brayton cycle can possibly achieve higher energy conversion efficiency than the steam turbine Rankine cycle. Gas turbine design is crucial part in achieving this high efficiency. In this paper, a one-dimensional gas turbine analysis methodology is applied for optimal design of the component. Case study result shows that the entire turbine efficiency is increased as hub radius is increased for a same number of stage conditions. Comparing the efficiency which is applied the boundary condition, 4 stage turbines have optimal efficiency.

Research on a Transonic Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Centrifugal Turbine

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zehai Yang ◽  
Dan Luo ◽  
Diangui Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Recently, the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton (SCO2) cycle gained a lot of attention for its application to next-generation nuclear reactors. Turbine is the key component of the energy conversion in the thermodynamic cycle. Transonic centrifugal turbine has advantages of compatibility of aerodynamic and geometric, low cost, high power density, and high efficiency; therefore, it has opportunity to become the main energy conversion equipment in the future. In this paper, a transonic nozzle and its corresponding rotor cascade of the single-stage centrifugal turbine were designed. In addition, the three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and performance analysis were conducted. The numerical simulation results show that the predicted flow field is as expected and the aerodynamic parameters are in good agreement with one-dimensional (1D) design. Meanwhile, the off-design performance analysis shows that the transonic centrifugal turbine stage has wide stable operation range and strong load adaptability. Therefore, it can be concluded that the proposed turbine blade has good performance characteristics.

Lead-to-CO2 Heat Exchangers for Coupling of the STAR-LM LFR to a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle Power Converter

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton V. Moisseytsev ◽  
James J. Sienicki ◽  
David C. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Natural Circulation ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Recent development of the Secure Transportable Autonomous Reactor-Liquid Metal (STAR-LM) lead-cooled natural circulation fast reactor (LFR) has been directed at coupling to an advanced power conversion system that utilizes a gas turbine Brayton cycle with supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) as the working fluid. A key ingredient in achieving a coupled plant having a high efficiency are the modular lead-to-CO2 heat exchangers that must fit within the available volume inside the reactor vessel and must heat the S-CO2 to a high temperature. Thermal hydraulic performance and feasibility of seven different heat exchanger concepts has been investigated with respect to the achievement of a suitably high Brayton cycle efficiency for the coupled LFR-S-CO2 plant. The relative merits of the different heat exchanger configurations are revealed by the analysis which provides a basis to select the most promising concepts for further development.

Development of a 250-kWe Class Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Rankine Cycle Power Generation System and its Core Components

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
JeongMin Seo ◽  
Won Chul Choi ◽  
HyungSoo Lim ◽  
MooRyong Park ◽  
Dong Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Generation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Power Turbine ◽  
Power Generation System ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Abstract Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM) investigated a supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycle for a heat recovery power generation system for several years. The objective of the study focuses on the development of the technologies and the establishment of the development procedure of turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and auxiliary equipment for the sCO2 power cycle. A motor-driven centrifugal starter pump with an inducer is developed for startup operation. The main pump-drive turbine module adopts magnetic bearings as axial and radial bearings to remove oil lubrication and exhibits a hermetic structure to eliminate leakage problems. The power turbine and a generator are linked via a gearbox in the power turbine-generator module. An oil bearing and floating ring seal with dry gas injection are applied to minimize sCO2 leakage. The recuperator is developed as a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) owing to its high efficiency and compactness. The integrated test facility is designed as a 250-kWe class sCO2 recuperated Rankine cycle to evaluate the performance of the core modules as opposed to demonstrating the viability of a particular sCO2 cycle. The test facility is proven to successfully operate in startup mode and self-sustaining mode using the starter pump and the main pump-drive turbine module. An overview of the operation of the startup mode and self-sustaining mode is presented.

Hybrid System of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Brayton Cycle and Carbon Dioxide Rankine Cycle Combined Fuel Cell

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Jun Bae ◽  
Yoonhan Ahn ◽  
Jekyoung Lee ◽  
Jeong Ik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

The Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle has been receiving a lot of attention because it can achieve compact configuration and high thermal efficiency at relatively low temperature (450∼750 °C). However, to achieve high thermal efficiency of S-CO2 Brayton cycle, it requires a highly effective recuperator. Moreover, the temperature difference in the heat receiving section is limited for the S-CO2 Brayton cycle to achieve high thermal efficiency results in high mass flow rate and potentially high pressure drop in the cycle. Thus, to resolve these problems while providing flexibility to match with various heat sources, authors suggest a hybrid system of S-CO2 Brayton and Rankine cycle. This hybrid system utilizes the waste heat of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle as the heat input to the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Rankine cycle. Thus, the recuperator effectiveness does not always have to be high to achieve high efficiency, which results in reduction of the recuperator volume reduction. By controlling amount of the heat transfer from the cooler of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle to the Rankine cycle, the total system can be compact and can achieve wider operating range. Thus, the hybrid system of S-CO2 Brayton cycle and CO2 Rankine cycle can be coupled to various heat sources with more flexibility without trading off the performance. In this paper, Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC) system is selected to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hybrid cycle system while comparing the proposed system’s performance to that of other cycle layouts as well.

Numerical Simulation of the Performance of an Axial Compressor Operating With Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinlan Gou ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Can Ma ◽  
Yong Li ◽  
Yuansheng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Mass Flow Rate ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Axial Compressor ◽  
Brayton Cycle ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) as the working fluid of a closed Brayton cycle gas turbine is widely recognized nowadays, because of its compact layout and high efficiency for modest turbine inlet temperature. It is an attractive option for geothermal, nuclear and solar energy conversion. Compressor is one of the key components for the supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle. With established or developing small power supercritical carbon dioxide test loop, centrifugal compressor with small mass flow rate is mainly investigated and manufactured in the literature; however, nuclear energy conversion contains more power, and axial compressor is preferred to provide SCO2 compression with larger mass flow rate which is less studied in the literature. The performance of the axial supercritical carbon dioxide compressor is investigated in the current work. An axial supercritical carbon dioxide compressor with mass flow rate of 1000kg/s is designed. The thermodynamic region of the carbon dioxide is slightly above the vapor-liquid critical point with inlet total temperature 310K and total pressure 9MPa. Numerical simulation is then conducted to assess this axial compressor with look-up table adopted to handle the nonlinear variation property of supercritical carbon dioxide near the critical point. The results show that the performance of the design point of the designed axial compressor matches the primary target. Small corner separation occurs near the hub, and the flow motion of the tip leakage fluid is similar with the well-studied air compressor. Violent property variation near the critical point creates troubles for convergence near the stall condition, and the stall mechanism predictions are more difficult for the axial supercritical carbon dioxide compressor.

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