Probabilistic Distribution of Parameters Applied to PFM Analysis for Piping in China Experimental Fast Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Qi ◽  
Yueying Wang ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Mechanics ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Probabilistic Distribution ◽  
Structure Dimension ◽  
China Experimental Fast Reactor

The safety assessment method based on probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is well applied to pressure vessel and piping. The PFM analysis is more reasonable and reliable than determinate fracture mechanics (DFM) method. In PFM analysis, the uncertainty of main assessment parameters, such as loads, material character parameters, structure dimension and defect sizes are considered to be random, and the probabilistic distribution of these parameters are determined with the theory of probability statistics. Related to the practical engineering of China experimental fast reactor (CEFR), this paper has done some research work on the parameters probabilistic distribution, and a method was given to determine the optimum fitting probabilistic distribution function of parameters applied to PFM analysis for piping in the small sample size. The work of this paper makes the foundation of the further probabilistic safety assessment of CEFR piping.

Role of Trace andamp; Toxic Elements in the Development of Anaemia in School going population of Hyderabad

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-405
Author(s):  
Junaid Ali Thebo Junaid Ali Thebo ◽  
Shaista Khan Shaista Khan ◽  
Abdul Aziz Shaikh Abdul Aziz Shaikh ◽  
Nasren Thebo Nasren Thebo ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Ghulam Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Lead Levels

The aim of this research work was to measure the concentration of essential trace elements, including serum copper, iron and zinc in children suffering from anemia, and also to investigate the effect of heavy metal like lead on causing anemia. The study has been performed on school going children living in Hyderabad, which is a mini industrialized city. The study was carried out in anemic children studying in different schools of Hyderabad having different age groups. 10 ml venous blood samples were obtained after an informed consent form was signed.The samples were used to analyzed the trace elements (Fe,Cu, Zn) and toxic metal Lead (Pb). Trace elements include zinc and copper were found elevated in anemic children than healthy one, Copper is involved in many vital mechanisms in the body, energy production, connective tissue formation, and Fe metabolism, whereas copper found low with relation to the iron in anemic children because copper helps in the absorption of iron. Zinc is an essential micronutrient demanded by living being because of its significant position in-cooperation with structural constituent of proteins and as a cofactor in enzyme catalysis, there is difference between zinc and iron, they have been found to inhibit each other’s absorption due to their competitive absorption pathways. Increased zinc levels found in children with low iron content, whereas control group have normal results of these elements which may be due to their dietary management. The results revealed the environmental pollution and the associated health risks on exposure to lead. Pb concentrations whereas the current research stated a considerable relationship of mild and severe anemia with 10-42.2μg/dl Pb concentrations, the variation in results may be due to a small sample size in the current study, Drinking water from corrosion of plumbing systems through the use of lead sellers and other lead containing materials in connecting household plumbing to public water supplies. Ground and surface water are also contaminated by lead consuming industry and agricultural activities. The concentrations of Pb greater than or equal to (≥)10 μg/dl in children related with an increased threat of mild and severe anemia, diminishing iron absorption . High Lead levels were related with lower concentrations of iron, ferritin and copper, in this study it was found that high levels of lead were found mostly in boys. Lead levels have also found in control group which was below 5 ug/dl, according to WHO ≥ 10 ug/dl is considered as high.

scholarly journals Factors Effecting Omnichannel Customer Experience: Evidence from Fashion Retail

Information ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hadiqa Riaz ◽  
Umair Baig ◽  
Ieva Meidute-Kavaliauskiene ◽  
Hassaan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Fashion Retail

This research work was designed to investigate the changing dynamics of the retail landscape driven by omnichannel retailing, and to determine the effects on the omnichannel customer’s experience. The role of omnichannel customer behavior in the relation between omnichannel retailing and customer experience was assessed through a survey of 265 omnichannel customers of different fashion retail brands in Pakistan. The results of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) showed a strong mediating effect of omnichannel customer behavior in channeling the drivers of omnichannel retailing towards an enhanced customer experience. Omnichannel retailing helps to enhance the customer experience via determinants of omnichannel integration, order fulfilment, usability and seamlessness. The research findings underpin the positive significant effect of all factors of omnichannel retailing on the customer experience. Among the four omnichannel retailing constructs, seamlessness emerged as a major direct and indirect contributor, followed by omnichannel integration and usability dimensions. Notwithstanding the small sample size, this research contributes to the omnichannel retailing landscape of Pakistan’s fashion retail industry by suggesting a functional approach for creating a fully integrated shopping experience and omnichannel strategies for fashion brands. Furthermore, it will also provide brands an opportunity to strengthen their customers’ experience throughout the buying channel.

Discussion on the Application of Fire Probability Safety Assessment to Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Hongyi Yang ◽  
Chunming Zhang ◽  
Jiaxu Zuo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Liquid Sodium ◽  
Reactor Safety ◽  
Probabilistic Safety Assessment ◽  
China Experimental Fast Reactor ◽  
Probabilistic Safety

As sodium cooled fast reactor (SFR) uses liquid sodium as coolant, the risk of sodium fire is brought to reactor safety, which is different from conventional fire. Sodium is very chemically active, and violent chemical reactions can happen when sodium is exposed to air or water. Sodium fire is a typical and distinctive hazard in sodium cooled fast reactors, which is probably one of the main contributors to the total reactor risk. In this paper, the methodology of fast reactor sodium fire risk assessment is studied, and the principles and procedure of sodium fire probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) are given. The application of this technology in China Experimental Fast Reactor (CEFR) is explored, and several key problems which need more research in the future during the process of sodium fire probabilistic safety assessment are discussed.

Determination of the Optimum Fitting Probabilistic Distribution for Fracture Toughness in Small Sample Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Wen Lin Liu ◽  
Ri Jie Yang ◽  
Zhi Tao Mu ◽  
Xiu Xia Wang ◽  
Da Zhao Yu
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Plane Strain ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Fracture Toughness Test ◽  
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness ◽  
Probabilistic Distribution ◽  
Strain Fracture ◽  
Ductile Fracture Toughness

Plane strain fracture toughness is an important mechanical performance index for damage tolerance design, so how to obtain this value through test deserves consideration. In this paper, the ductile fracture toughness test was performed. It was difficult for the specimen with big dimensions in the case of plane strain to be carried out through ordinary testing machine with lower capacity because of the higher fracture toughness value of the material, that it was attained indirectly for plane strain fracture toughness value by the way of ductile fracture toughness test and pertinent formula calculation if proper specimen selected. The fracture property tests according to the corresponding standard were conducted. The compact tension specimens were obtained from the main rotor butt of a helicopter in service. Based on the single specimen measuring ductile fracture toughness method, the experiments of measuring the ductile fracture toughness were carried out. A method was given to determine the optimum fitting probabilistic distribution function of fracture toughness in the small sample size. The statistic results show that the optimum probabilistic distribution function of ductile fracture toughness is the Extreme Maximum. Value distribution. The following factors were taken into account, the linear relative coefficient, total fit effect probability relative coefficient, consistency with the relevant fatigue physics and tail most importantly, safety of design evaluation. The shape parameter, scale parameter, and location parameter are -1.1231, 860.53, 6036.4, respectively. The statistical variation coefficient is 11.22%. The result shows that there is a large risk probability for a definite value to fracture toughness only with one or two pieces of samples according to the test.

scholarly journals Screening of Rabies among Dogs in Kelantan Using Direct Fluorescence Antibody Test (DFAT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Fawzia Shalsh ◽  
Imad Ibrahim Ali Al-Sultana ◽  
Abdul Rahman Bin Azizc, ◽  
Salahudeen Muhamad Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Viral Glycoprotein ◽  
Domestic Livestock

Inarguably, in several developing and in-transition countries, human are threatened by the occurrence of rabies in domestic dogs and it is posing a major concern. However, the infection of rabies in domestic livestock could definitely have economic consequences. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of rabies among dogs in Kelantan by the use of Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFAT) to determine presence of rabies infection in dogs. The detected rabies cases were 12.5% (1 out of 8 samples). The finding might be inconclusive due to small sample size. It was generally difficult to obtain a satisfactory large number representing high sample size. The positive control used in this research work is made up of inactivated rabies vaccine (Rabisin®) whose antigenic determinant is the viral glycoprotein. It was sufficient to be used although the use of live rabies virus for inoculation in brain tissue smear would be a better option for positive control. The finding from the florescence microscopy examination reveals a good brilliant green fluoresce of high grade (+4) for the positive control. The results of the samples show all negative at conjugate dilution 1:100.

scholarly journals THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF CUPPING ON NON-SPECIFIC NECK AND LOW BACK PAIN - A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Danish Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cupping Therapy ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND & AIMS Neck and low back pain are the major musculoskeletal problems effecting people around the globe. Increasing number of researches underpin the effects of cupping in neck and low back pain. However, empirical studies are required to confirm the efficiency of cupping therapy. Therefore, the aim of this review was to examine the efficacy of cupping treatment in non-specific neck and low back pain. STUDY SELECTION & ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA This systematic review included Randomized Controlled Trials focused on cupping therapy and its effects on neck and low back pain. Extensive search was performed on Google Scholar, PubMed, MEDLINE and Pedro databases. Studies published from 2009 to 2017 were included. RESULTS Eight RCT’s with a 659 sample size were selected for review. Compared to other cupping methods ‘wet cupping’, ‘fire cupping’ and ‘cupping massage’ were superior in reducing pain in neck and low back pain P<0.001. However, a few cupping techniques showed relatively less significant P<0.133, P<0.05, and P<0.037 in comparison to previously mentioned methods. CONCLUSION Cupping therapy can be beneficial in alleviation of non-specific cervicalgia and lumbago in short-term. However, due to weak evidence and a small sample size, the study was restricted from drawing a definite conclusion. Future high-level evidence and research work is required for confirmative and conclusive recommendation of cupping in clinical settings for musculoskeletal pain.

Probing the ultrastructure of the mitotic and meiotic spindle in eggs: An expeditious approach based on semi-thin (0.25 μm) serial sections

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 552-555
Author(s):  
Conly L. Rieder ◽  
S. Bowser ◽  
R. Nowogrodzki ◽  
K. Ross ◽  
G. Sluder
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Meiotic Spindle ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

Eggs have long been a favorite material for studying the mechanism of karyokinesis in-vivo and in-vitro. They can be obtained in great numbers and, when fertilized, divide synchronously over many cell cycles. However, they are not considered to be a practical system for ultrastructural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) for several reasons, the most obvious of which is that sectioning them is a formidable task: over 1000 ultra-thin sections need to be cut from a single 80-100 μm diameter egg and of these sections only a small percentage will contain the area or structure of interest. Thus it is difficult and time consuming to obtain reliable ultrastructural data concerning the MA of eggs; and when it is obtained it is necessarily based on a small sample size.We have recently developed a procedure which will facilitate many studies concerned with the ultrastructure of the MA in eggs. It is based on the availability of biological HVEM's and on the observation that 0.25 μm thick serial sections can be screened at high resolution for content (after mounting on slot grids and staining with uranyl and lead) by phase contrast light microscopy (LM; Figs 1-2).

Validating the Factor Structure of the Stigma of Suicide Scale–Short Form Spanish Version Among Healthcare Students

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ruthmarie Hernández-Torres ◽  
Paola Carminelli-Corretjer ◽  
Nelmit Tollinchi-Natali ◽  
Ernesto Rosario-Hernández ◽  
Yovanska Duarté-Vélez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Spanish Version ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Students ◽  
Spanish Speaking

Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among Spanish-speaking individuals. Suicide stigma can be a risk factor for suicide. A widely used measure is the Stigma of Suicide Scale-Short Form (SOSS-SF; Batterham, Calear, & Christensen, 2013 ). Although the SOSS-SF has established psychometric properties and factor structure in other languages and cultural contexts, no evidence is available from Spanish-speaking populations. Aim: This study aims to validate a Spanish translation of the SOSS-SF among a sample of Spanish-speaking healthcare students ( N = 277). Method: We implemented a cross-sectional design with quantitative techniques. Results: Following a structural equation modeling approach, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the three-factor model proposed by Batterham and colleagues (2013) . Limitations: The study was limited by the small sample size and recruitment by availability. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the SOSS-SF is a valid and reliable tool with which to examine suicide stigma among Spanish-speaking populations.

An Initial Investigation of Suicide Attempt Disclosures Among US Veterans

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Brooke A. Ammerman ◽  
Sarah P. Carter ◽  
Heather M. Gebhardt ◽  
Jonathan Buchholz ◽  
Mark A. Reger
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Psychiatric Treatment ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Professional Care ◽  
Patient Disclosure ◽  
Previous Suicide Attempt

Abstract. Background: Patient disclosure of prior suicidal behaviors is critical for effectively managing suicide risk; however, many attempts go undisclosed. Aims: The current study explored how responses following a suicide attempt disclosure may relate to help-seeking outcomes. Method: Participants included 37 veterans with a previous suicide attempt receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Veterans reported on their most and least helpful experiences disclosing their suicide attempt to others. Results: Veterans disclosed their suicide attempt to approximately eight individuals. Mental health professionals were the most cited recipient of their most helpful disclosure; romantic partners were the most common recipient of their least helpful disclosures. Positive reactions within the context of the least helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with a sense of connection with the disclosure recipient. Positive reactions within the most helpful disclosure experience were positively associated with the likelihood of future disclosure. No reactions were associated with having sought professional care or likelihood of seeking professional care. Limitations: The results are considered preliminary due to the small sample size. Conclusion: Findings suggest that while positive reactions may influence suicide attempt disclosure experiences broadly, additional research is needed to clarify factors that drive the decision to disclose a suicide attempt to a professional.

Investigating the Dynamics of Suicidal Ideation

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hallensleben ◽  
Lena Spangenberg ◽  
Thomas Forkmann ◽  
Dajana Rath ◽  
Ulrich Hegerl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
Ecological Momentary ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
Ema Method ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract. Background: Although the fluctuating nature of suicidal ideation (SI) has been described previously, longitudinal studies investigating the dynamics of SI are scarce. Aim: To demonstrate the fluctuation of SI across 6 days and up to 60 measurement points using smartphone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMA). Method: Twenty inpatients with unipolar depression and current and/or lifetime suicidal ideation rated their momentary SI 10 times per day over a 6-day period. Mean squared successive difference (MSSD) was calculated as a measure of variability. Correlations of MSSD with severity of depression, number of previous depressive episodes, and history of suicidal behavior were examined. Results: Individual trajectories of SI are shown to illustrate fluctuation. MSSD values ranged from 0.2 to 21.7. No significant correlations of MSSD with several clinical parameters were found, but there are hints of associations between fluctuation of SI and severity of depression and suicidality. Limitations: Main limitation of this study is the small sample size leading to low power and probably missing potential effects. Further research with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI. Conclusion: The results illustrate the dynamic nature and the diversity of trajectories of SI across 6 days in psychiatric inpatients with unipolar depression. Prediction of the fluctuation of SI might be of high clinical relevance. Further research using EMA and sophisticated analyses with larger samples is necessary to shed light on the dynamics of SI.

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