A Case Study of Energy Saving by Cogeneration System in Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a cogeneration system (CGS) under an energy service company (ESCO) project. The CGS idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy will be used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CGS system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for energy savings.

A Case Study of Energy Saving by CCHP Technology in a Hospital

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Demands

This paper describes a study that starts with an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by a case study of a CCHP system. The CCHP idea is of an autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating, and cooling energy in a hospital. The driving units are two high-efficiency gas engines that produce the electrical and heat energy. A gas engine meets the requirement for high electrical and heating energy demands; a natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735 kW of power. In our case, the electrical energy was used only in the hospital. A deficit in electricity can be covered by purchasing power from the public network. Generated steam drives three steam-fired absorption chillers and is delivered to individual heat consumers. This system can provide simultaneous heating and cooling. No technical obstacles were identified for implementing the CCHP. The typical patterns for driving units of CCHP were decided by the hourly energy demands in several seasons throughout the year. The average ratio between electric and thermal loads in the hospital is suitable for CCHP system operation. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CCHP system predicted a large potential for energy savings and CO2 reduction.

Energy Consumption and Technical Potential of Energy Saving in a Hospital

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Cogeneration System

This paper describes a study starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by the feasibility study of a cogeneration system (CGS). The concept is a future autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy in the hospital. The driving cogeneration units are two high-efficiency gas engines; this is used to produce the electrical and heat energy. Gas engine is used as a driving unit because of high needs for electrical and heating energy. The natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735kW of power. In our case electrical energy will be used only in the Hospital. A deficit in electricity can be also purchased from the public network. The generated steam will be used to drive three steam-fired absorption chillers and delivered to individual consumers of heat. This system is capable of doing simultaneous heating and cooling. No obstacles were recognized for the technical feasibility of CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal load in the Hospital is suitable to make CGS system operate. A feasibility analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for primary energy saving.

Energy Saving by ESCO (Energy Service Company) Project in Japanese Hospital

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Service Company ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Service ◽  
Energy Service Company

This paper describes a study starting from an analysis of typical energy demand profiles in a hospital setting followed by the case study of a cogeneration system (CGS) by an ESCO (Energy Service Company) project. The concept is a future autonomous system for the combined generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy in the hospital. The driving cogeneration units are two high-efficiency gas engines; this is used to produce the electrical and heat energy. Gas engine is used as a driving unit because of high needs for electrical and heating energy. The natural gas-fuelled reciprocating engine is used to generate 735kW of power. In our case electrical energy will be used only in the Hospital. A deficit in electricity can be also purchased from the public network. The generated steam will be used to drive three steam-fired absorption chillers and delivered to individual consumers of heat. This system is capable of doing simultaneous heating and cooling. No obstacles were recognized for the technical feasibility of CGS. The average ratio between electric and thermal load in the Hospital is suitable to make CGS system operate. An analysis performed for a non-optimized CGS system predicted a large potential for energy savings.

scholarly journals Utilising Unused Energy Resources for Sustainable Heating and Cooling System in Buildings: A Case Study of Geothermal Energy and Water Sources in a University

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwon Park ◽  
Seiyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Actual Use

Recently, Korea has become increasingly interested in unused, but possibly useful energy resources, due to the world-wide controversy over nuclear power and limitations in renewable energy production. Among these unused resources, the water that is produced in our surroundings is available as a potential energy source for heating, cooling and domestic hot water. This water is relatively stable on the supply side, available as a high-efficiency source in all seasons, and is continuously replenished without polluting the environment. This paper analyses the energy savings generated based on the actual use of a sustainable heating and cooling system that operates using the water escaping from a nearby building. The results indicate the value of protecting the environment as well as reducing energy consumption and associated costs.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling and optimization of tri-generation systems with reciprocating engines

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mladen Stojiljkovic ◽  
Bratislav Blagojevic
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Electrical Heating ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Operational Optimization ◽  
Reciprocating Engines

Tri-generation systems are used to simultaneously produce electrical, heating, and cooling energy. These systems are usually more efficient than conventional systems for separate production and have smaller distribution losses since they are often located closer to the consumer. For achievement of the best technical and/or financial results, tri-generation plants have to be properly, i. e. optimally designed and operated. Operational optimization is used for short term production planning, control of tri-generation systems operation and as a part of design level optimization. In this paper an approach to operational optimization of tri-generation plants with reciprocating engines is presented with the following mathematical model. It is also explained how this algorithm might be embedded in some larger optimization procedure. In this approach, the importance of the part load performance of different units of the tri-generation systems is emphasized, especially of co-generation unit, i. e. engine generator set and thus it relies on manufacturers' data and is characterized with relatively high level of details examined. Mathematical model is based on the equipment performance based constraints and demand satisfaction based constraints with the possibility to add more equations if appropriate. Objective function for optimization is benefit-cost function. Optimal operation regimes for typical days for each month are obtained and analyzed. Impact of electrical energy price on pay-back period and primary energy saving is analyzed. Primary energy savings are determined and compared to maximal value that could be obtained.

scholarly journals A Computer Vision-Based Occupancy and Equipment Usage Detection Approach for Reducing Building Energy Demand

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Paige Wenbin Tien ◽  
Shuangyu Wei ◽  
John Calautit
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Equipment Usage

Because of extensive variations in occupancy patterns around office space environments and their use of electrical equipment, accurate occupants’ behaviour detection is valuable for reducing the building energy demand and carbon emissions. Using the collected occupancy information, building energy management system can automatically adjust the operation of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems to meet the actual demands in different conditioned spaces in real-time. Existing and commonly used ‘fixed’ schedules for HVAC systems are not sufficient and cannot adjust based on the dynamic changes in building environments. This study proposes a vision-based occupancy and equipment usage detection method based on deep learning for demand-driven control systems. A model based on region-based convolutional neural network (R-CNN) was developed, trained and deployed to a camera for real-time detection of occupancy activities and equipment usage. Experiments tests within a case study office room suggested an overall accuracy of 97.32% and 80.80%. In order to predict the energy savings that can be attained using the proposed approach, the case study building was simulated. The simulation results revealed that the heat gains could be over or under predicted when using static or fixed profiles. Based on the set conditions, the equipment and occupancy gains were 65.75% and 32.74% lower when using the deep learning approach. Overall, the study showed the capabilities of the proposed approach in detecting and recognising multiple occupants’ activities and equipment usage and providing an alternative to estimate the internal heat emissions.

FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC/BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM: AN HOURLY ESTIMATION BASED APPROACH AND A REAL LIFE CASE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fehmi Görkem Üçtuğ ◽  
Vedat Can Baltalı
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
System Size ◽  
Battery Energy Storage ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Battery Energy

This study has been undertaken to develop a consumer-oriented feasibility method for a hybrid photovoltaic (PV)-battery energy storage (BES) system by analyzing a real life house in Istanbul, Turkey, as a case study. The hourly electricity demand of the house was estimated by carrying out a detailed survey of the life style and daily habits of the household. No algorithm of any kind was used for the estimation of the energy demand with the exception of relating the lighting requirement to the daylight hours and the heating and cooling requirements to the seasonal weather changes. The developed method estimates the annual demand with an overall error of 8.68%. The net grid dependency and the feasibility of the PV-BES system was calculated for different combinations of PV and BES system sizes. It was found that when the maximum available roof area is used for PV installation and when the BES system size is increased, it is possible to achieve almost zero net grid dependency, and it is estimated that houses that are in regions with more abundant solar radiation and/or with lower annual electricity consumption, can reach zero net grid dependency. However, the feasibility indicator, which is the payback period, turned out to be no less than 25 years in any of the scenarios. The reasons for the infeasibility are the high prices of PV and BES systems as well as the current restriction in the regulations in Turkey, which prevents BES system owners from participating in unlicensed energy generation schemes and selling excess electricity back to the grid. In order to overcome this situation, regulations should be updated to allow BES system owners to benefit from feed-in-tariff schemes, thereby increasing the popularity of both PV and BES usage in Turkey.

scholarly journals Metamaterial Concentrator for Thermal Energy Harvester

2020 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 00032
Author(s):  
Rapha Nichita Kaikatui ◽  
Adik Putra Andika ◽  
Vinsenius Letsoin ◽  
Paulus Mangera ◽  
Damis Hardiantono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Technological Advances

Energy demand increases in line with rapid technological advances. Research on the harvesting of renewable energy continues to be done to make efforts to convert heat energy, which is very abundant in our daily environment. Thermoelectric technology is an alternative source in answering energy needs and can produce energy on a large and small scale. Thermoelectric technology works by converting heat energy into electricity directly, or from electricity to cold. This research presents an experimental study conducted to find out the thermoelectric characteristics of the TEC in the reversal function, with heating and cooling tests on each side of the TEC type thermoelectric element, carried out to obtain the voltage value as the electrical potential generated from this element. The result is thermoelectric potential to generate DC electricity but is very limited in the function of maintaining a heat source on the hot side element. This research then proposes thermal metamaterial that functions as a collector of thermal energy in the method of converting thermal energy into DC electrical energy for the application of low power consumption communication systems.

scholarly journals Joint Analysis of Cost and Energy Savings for Preliminary Design Alternative Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7507
Author(s):  
Carlo Iapige De Gaetani ◽  
Andrea Macchi ◽  
Pasquale Perri
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Assessment ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Design Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

The building sector plays a central role in addressing the problem of global energy consumption. Therefore, effective design measures need to be taken to ensure efficient usage and management of new structures. The challenging task for designers is to reduce energy demands while maintaining a high-quality indoor environment and low costs of construction and operations. This study proposes a methodological framework that enables decision-makers to resolve conflicts between energy demand and life cycle costs. A case study is analyzed to validate the proposed method, adopting different solutions for walls, roofs, floors, windows, window-to-wall ratios and geographical locations. Models are created on the basis of all the possible combinations between these elements, enriched by their thermal properties and construction/management costs. After the alternative models are defined, energy analyses are carried out for an estimation of consumption. By calculating the total cost of each model as the sum of construction, energy and maintenance costs, a joint analysis is carried out for variable life cycles. The obtained results from the proposed method confirm the importance of a preliminary assessment from both energy and cost points of view, and demonstrate the impact of considering different building life cycles on the choice of design alternatives.

Repowering of Slough Estates for Optimum Energy Conversion

1980 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Clifford ◽  
R. Coates ◽  
A. Park
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Recovery Boiler ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Under Construction

Plant currently under construction for repowering Slough Estates is described. This will not only provide the basis for replacement of ageing plant, but will enable the existing steam turbines to work as part of a high efficiency cycle. The principles relating to the combined generation of steam and electrical energy are reviewed for existing and possible plant configurations, with a view to optimizing the energy conversion. The choice of a gas turbine and fully fired heat recovery boiler to provide extra power plus steam for existing purposes is shown to be justified by the savings in fuel and other operating costs over a typical year's operation. The new plant will burn gas, residual oil or distillate oil, and fuel treatment plant is an essential part of the equipment. The energy savings indicated using technology already available in Britain point the way to future developments.

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