Modelling and Simulation Methodology for the Human Cardio Vascular System

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petter Krus ◽  
Dag Teien
Keyword(s):  
Closed Loop ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Coarctation Of The Aorta ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Simulation Methodology ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Valve Leakage ◽  
Human Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardio Vascular

Abstract In this paper a methodology for closed loop simulation of the human cardiovascular system is described. It includes a functional heart model and a closed loop circulatory system. Using this model a range of physiological and patophysical phenomena can be studied, such as valvar regurgitation (valve leakage), valvar stenosis, congenital cardiac malformations i.e. coarctation of the aorta and the circulation in univentricular hearts. The model can be extended to accommodate detail descriptions of the subsystems. In this paper, however, a very basic model is shown to highlight the basic principles of cardio vascular system simulation.

scholarly journals Analytical Method of Human Systemic and Global Circulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-33
Author(s):  
Francis Egenti Nzerem ◽  
Eucharia C. Nwachukwu
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topological Constraints ◽  
Global Circulation ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Electrical Impulses ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Flow Circuit

Abstract The human circulatory system is one of the admirable rhythms of nature. The heart and the vasculature are constitutive structures. The vasculature consists of arterial and venous appurtenances which are arranged in an idealized network capable of enhancing circulation. The crux of this study is the representation of the cardiovascular system as a network in which electrical constraints apply. As a network, the system is amenable to graph analytic treatment; as edge-nodal parameters ensue, topological constraints apply. In virtue of cardiac auto-rhythmicity, electrical impulses are driven through the vessels to the body cells. As a rule, the vessels must elicit a modicum of resistance. This work weaponized the elements of graph theory and electrical properties of the heart in elucidating the flow mechanism associated with the cardio-vascular system. The voltage drop across the connecting vessels (idealized as wires) was carefully depicted and analyzed by the method of matrices. When the cardiac function is within physiological definition a vascular compartment may be a liability in the event of poor circulation. Therefore the knowledge of vascular resistive capacities, which this work portrayed, is a sine-qua-non to the assessment of flow integrity of the system under consideration. MSC 2010 No.: 05C21, 92C42, 92B25. Keywords: Cardiovascular, Network, Matrices, Flow, Circuit, Edges and Nodes, Wave propagation, Bifurcation.

scholarly journals The size of the aorta in warm-blooded animals and its relationship to the body weight and to the surface area expressed in a formula

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (584) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Quantitative Correlation ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Satisfactory Manner

In recent years it has become increasingly evident that many of the most important problems of physiology and of experimental pathology cannot be investigated in a satisfactory manner until accurate data have been made available regarding the quantitative differences which are exhibited by the organs, tissues, and fluids of the body in normal animals of different species and of varying weights. Results obtained with animals of any given weight cannot be applied, even within one and the same species, to yield con­clusions regarding animals of a different weight until it has been determined with precision how the various organs and tissues of the body are related to the size of the individual. Moreover, it will not be possible to compare one species with another, or to apply the results deduced from any given species to any other species of animal, until we can establish the existence of some kind of quantitative correlation between the measurements in different species. That this will prove to be possible seems likely from an examination of the results already obtained by us in studying the various factors which influence the circulatory system and determine the size of the heart (1). In connection with our study of the blood and cardio-vascular system under normal and pathological conditions, it was shown that the blood volume of normal animals of any given species is proportional to their body surface, and follows the formula B = W n / k , where k is a constant for the species and n is approximately 0.70-0.72 (2), (3). Accordingly it became of interest, in view of the theories which have been put forward regarding the volume of the blood and the size of the aorta in chlorotic conditions, to endeavour to determine how the size of the aorta is related to the weight of the individual in any given species of animal.

Changes of State of Cardio-Vascular System in People with Different Levels of Meteosensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-70
Author(s):  
N. A. Vaschuk ◽  
◽  
M. U. Prudenko ◽  
N. S. Hloba ◽  
A. A. Kurbel
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Changes Of State

scholarly journals Studying dynamic stress effects on the behaviour of THP-1 cells by microfluidic channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Semra Zuhal Birol ◽  
Rana Fucucuoglu ◽  
Sertac Cadirci ◽  
Ayca Sayi-Yazgan ◽  
Levent Trabzon
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Adhesion Behavior ◽  
Cycling System

AbstractAtherosclerosis is a long-term disease process of the vascular system that is characterized by the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, which are inflammatory regions on medium and large-sized arteries. There are many factors contributing to plaque formation, such as changes in shear stress levels, rupture of endothelial cells, accumulation of lipids, and recruitment of leukocytes. Shear stress is one of the main factors that regulates the homeostasis of the circulatory system; therefore, sudden and chronic changes in shear stress may cause severe pathological conditions. In this study, microfluidic channels with cavitations were designed to mimic the shape of the atherosclerotic blood vessel, where the shear stress and pressure difference depend on design of the microchannels. Changes in the inflammatory-related molecules ICAM-1 and IL-8 were investigated in THP-1 cells in response to applied shear stresses in an continuous cycling system through microfluidic channels with periodic cavitations. ICAM-1 mRNA expression and IL-8 release were analyzed by qRT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Additionally, the adhesion behavior of sheared THP-1 cells to endothelial cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that 15 Pa shear stress significantly increases expression of ICAM-1 gene and IL-8 release in THP-1 cells, whereas it decreases the adhesion between THP-1 cells and endothelial cells.

Digital motion analysis as a tool for analysing the shape and performance of the circulatory system in transparent animals

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (11) ◽  
pp. 1659-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Schwerte ◽  
B. Pelster
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Fluorescent Probe ◽  
Motion Analysis ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Video Frame ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Gray Scale ◽  
And Performance

The analysis of perfusion parameters using the frame-to-frame technique and the observation of small blood vessels in transparent animals using video microscopy can be tedious and very difficult because of the poor contrast of the images. Injection of a fluorescent probe (fluorescein isothiocynate, FITC) bound to a high-molecular-mass dextran improved the visibility of blood vessels, but the gray-scale histogram showed blurring at the edges of the vessels. Furthermore, injection of the fluorescent probe into the ventricle of small zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (body mass approximately 1 mg) often resulted in reduced cardiac activity. Digital motion analysis, however, proved to be a very effective tool for analysing the shape and performance of the circulatory system in transparent animals and tissues. By subtracting the two fields of a video frame (the odd and the even frame), any movement that occurred within the 20 ms necessary for the acquisition of one field could be visualised. The length of the shifting vector generated by this subtraction, represented a direct measure of the velocity of a moving particle, i.e. an erythrocyte in the vascular system. By accumulating shifting vectors generated from several consecutive video frames, a complete trace of the routes over which erythrocytes moved could be obtained. Thus, a cast of the vascular system, except for those tiny vessels that are not entered by erythrocytes, could be obtained. Because the gray-scale value of any given pixel or any given group of pixels increased with the number of erythrocytes passing it, digital motion analysis could also be used to visualise the distribution of blood cells in transparent tissues. This method was used to describe the development of the peripheral vascular system in zebrafish larvae up to 8 days post-fertilisation. At this stage, food intake resulted in a clear redistribution of blood between muscle tissue and the gut, and alpha-adrenergic control of peripheral blood flow was established.

Physiolab: A new laboratory for the study of the cardio-vascular system

1995 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-12) ◽  
pp. 607-613
Author(s):  
O. Marsal ◽  
C. André-Deshays ◽  
D. Cauquil ◽  
A. Kotovskaya ◽  
V. Gratchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular System ◽  
Cardio Vascular
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