Experimental Assessment of Speech Privacy and Intelligibility in Multi-Language Environments

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Dai ◽  
Y. Ma ◽  
D. J. Caswell
Keyword(s):  
Current Literature ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Experimental Assessment ◽  
Tonal Language ◽  
Industrial Practice ◽  
Subjective Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Subjective Measurements

In the current literature, most assessments for speech privacy and speech intelligibility are relying on the subjective measurements utilized with the test materials of English and other Western languages. Effects of different languages and accents in speech privacy and speech intelligibility are usually overseen. This study aims at the speech privacy assessment of closed offices in multicultural environments. Subjective measurements are conducted in this study for closed offices by using English and a tonal language. The evaluation differences in speech privacy between the two languages are evident and significant. It is also found in this study that the existing single word tests used in research and industrial practice for subjectively evaluating speech privacy should be modified when closed spaces are considered. The subjective measurement results of this study are also compared with the objective measurement indices AI.

Translating Principles of Speech Science to Clinical Practice: Current and Future Trends in Craniofacial Disorders

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Zajac
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Behavioral Management ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Speech Science ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opinion Article

Abstract The purpose of this opinion article is to review the impact of the principles and technology of speech science on clinical practice in the area of craniofacial disorders. Current practice relative to (a) speech aerodynamic assessment, (b) computer-assisted single-word speech intelligibility testing, and (c) behavioral management of hypernasal resonance are reviewed. Future directions and/or refinement of each area are also identified. It is suggested that both challenging and rewarding times are in store for clinical researchers in craniofacial disorders.

scholarly journals Single-Word Speech Intelligibility in Children and Adults With Down Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa Wild ◽  
Houri K. Vorperian ◽  
Ray D. Kent ◽  
Daniel M. Bolt ◽  
Diane Austin
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Word Identification ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Vowel Production ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
High Vowels

Purpose A single-word identification test was used to study speech production in children and adults with Down syndrome (DS) to determine the developmental pattern of speech intelligibility with an emphasis on vowels. Method Speech recordings were collected from 62 participants with DS aged 4–40 years and 25 typically developing participants aged 4–7 years. Panels of 5 adult lay listeners transcribed the speech recordings orthographically, and their responses were scored in comparison with the speakers' target words. Results Speech intelligibility in persons with DS improved with age, especially between the ages of 4 and 16 years. Whereas consonants contribute to intelligibility, vowels also played an important role in reduced intelligibility with an apparent developmental difference in low versus high vowels, where the vowels /æ/ and/ɑ/ developed at a later age than /i/ and /u/. Interspeaker variability was large, with male individuals being generally less intelligible than female individuals and some adult men having very low intelligibility. Conclusion Results show age-related patterns in speech intelligibility in persons with DS and identify the contribution of dimensions of vowel production to intelligibility. The methods used clarify the phonetic basis of reduced intelligibility, with implications for assessment and treatment.

scholarly journals The Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrill R. Morris ◽  
Kim A. Wilcox ◽  
Tracy L. Schooling
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Dysarthric Speech ◽  
Children's Speech

Documenting changes in speech intelligibility across time is an important but difficult task for speech-language pathologists. This study reports on the development and initial testing of the Preschool Speech Intelligibility Measure (PSIM), a single-word, multiple-choice intelligibility measure. The PSIM is adapted from the Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech (Yorkston & Beukelman, 1981) and is designed to plot changes in children's speech intelligibility across time. This instrument is offered as an addition to the existing array of available speech intelligibility measures.

Dysarthria of Adult Cerebral Palsy

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Platt ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Pauline M. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Confusion Matrix ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Speech Task ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Confusion Matrices

The articulation errors of 32 spastic and 18 athetoid males, aged 17–55 years, were analyzed using a confusion matrix paradigm. The subjects had a diagnosis of congenital cerebral palsy, and adequate intelligence, hearing, and ability to perform the speech task. Phonetic transcriptions were made of single-word utterances which contained 49 selected phonemes: 22 word-initial consonants, 18 word-final consonants and nine vowels. Errors of substitution, omission and distortion were categorized on confusion matrices such that patterns could be observed. It was found that within-manner errors (place or voicing errors or both) exceeded between-manner errors by a substantial amount, more so on final consonants. The predominant within-manner errors occurred on fricative phonemes for both initial and final positions. Affricate within-manner errors, all of devoicing, were also frequent in final position. The predominant between-manner initial position errors involved liquid-to-glide and affricate-to-stop changes, and for final position, affricate-to-fricative. Phoneme omission occurred three times more frequently on final than on initial consonants. The error data of individual subjects were found to correspond with the identified overall group patterns. Those with markedly reduced speech intelligibility demonstrated the same patterns of error as the overall group. The implications for treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Development of Speech Intelligibility Between 30 and 47 Months in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1675-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Hustad ◽  
Tristan Mahr ◽  
Phoebe E. M. Natzke ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Normative Growth

Purpose We sought to establish normative growth curves for intelligibility development for the speech of typically developing children as revealed by objectively based orthographic transcription of elicited single-word and multiword utterances by naïve listeners. We also examined sex differences, and we compared differences between single-word and multiword intelligibility growth. Method One hundred sixty-four typically developing children (92 girls, 72 boys) contributed speech samples for this study. Children were between the ages of 30 and 47 months, and analyses examined 1-month age increments between these ages. Two different naïve listeners heard each child and made orthographic transcriptions of child-produced words and sentences ( n = 328 listeners). Average intelligibility scores for single-word productions and multiword productions were modeled using linear regression, which estimated normal-model quantile age trajectories for single- and multiword utterances. Results We present growth curves showing steady linear change over time in 1-month increments from 30 to 47 months for 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Results showed that boys did not differ from girls and that, prior to 35 months of age, single words were more intelligible than multiword productions. Starting at 41 months of age, the reverse was true. Multiword intelligibility grew at a faster rate than single-word intelligibility. Conclusions Children make steady progress in intelligibility development through 47 months, and only a small number of children approach 100% intelligibility by this age. Intelligibility continues to develop past the fourth year of life. There is considerable variability among children with regard to intelligibility development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12330956

scholarly journals Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children I: Intelligibility Growth Curves for Single-Word and Multiword Productions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Hustad ◽  
Tristan J. Mahr ◽  
Phoebe Natzke ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Age Range

Purpose We extended our earlier study on normative growth curves for intelligibility development in typical children from 30 to 119 months of age. We also determined quantile-specific age of steepest growth and growth rates. A key goal was to establish age-specific benchmarks for single-word and multiword intelligibility. Method This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 538 typically developing children (282 girls and 256 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. One thousand seventy-six normal-hearing naïve adult listeners (280 men and 796 women) orthographically transcribed children's speech. Speech intelligibility was measured as the percentage of words transcribed correctly by naive adults, with single-word and multiword intelligibility outcomes modeled separately. Results The age range for 50% single-word intelligibility was 31–47 months (50th–5th percentiles), the age range for 75% single-word intelligibility was 49–87 months, and the age range for 90% intelligibility for single words was 83–120+ months. The same milestones were attained for multiword intelligibility at 34–46, 46–61, and 62–87 months, respectively. The age of steepest growth for the 50th percentile was 30–31 months for both single-word and multiword intelligibility and was later for children in lower percentiles. The maximum growth rate was 1.7 intelligibility percentage points per month for single words and 2.5 intelligibility percentage points per month for multiword intelligibility. Conclusions There was considerable variability in intelligibility development among typical children. For children in median and lower percentiles, intelligibility growth continues through 9 years. Children should be at least 50% intelligible by 48 months.

Stability of Speech Intelligibility Measures Over Repeated Sampling Times in Speakers With Acquired Apraxia of Speech

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Emilia Vitti ◽  
Shannon Mauszycki ◽  
Lisa Bunker ◽  
Julie Wambaugh
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sampling Times

Purpose The purpose of this investigation was to measure the test–retest stability of single-word intelligibility in a group of 28 speakers with chronic apraxia of speech and aphasia. Method The Assessment of Intelligibility of Dysarthric Speech was administered twice to each participant, with samples separated by 1 week. Scoring of recorded samples was completed independently by three expert listeners using transcription and multiple-choice scoring formats. Results Percent intelligible words was very similar for the group over the two sampling times for both scoring formats (i.e., within 1.5%), with no statistically significant differences found between times. Statistically significant, very strong, positive correlations were found between sampling times for intelligibility scores. Transcription and multiple-choice scores were strongly, positively correlated, with multiple-choice scores being statistically higher. There was a statistically significant difference between mean transcription and multiple-choice scores for the group at Time 1 and Time 2. Individual performance was similar to group performance for the majority of participants. Conclusions These findings indicate that single-word intelligibility measures are stable over repeated sampling occasions. Stability was evident for transcription and multiple-choice scoring methods. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14226737

Research on the Impact of the Contrast between the White Text and Black Background to Visual Sharpness

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 ◽  
pp. 282-285
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Shun Yuan Zhang ◽  
Hua Jun Xin
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relation ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Objective Measurement ◽  
Print Quality ◽  
Human Eye ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research is to find out the relationship between objective measurement contrast and clarity to the human eye perception, via the analysis of different tone background and white text, based on the text contrast properties in ISO 13660 standard, to do some basic research for the black background of print quality evaluation. Experimental results show that perceived sharpness and contrast into positive correlation, the greater the contrast, the sharpness perception will increase accordingly， but it is not linear relation, in contrast, under the condition of smaller contrast, small changes of contrast will cause great changes in the perception of the definition, with the increase of contrast, perceived definition changes tend to be gentle, it is important to note that contrast is of the biggest objective measurement results in background of 100% black tone, whereas the human eye subjective sense of clarity is not the best, it turns out that the best sense of clarity in background tone value is around 90%.

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