scholarly journals Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children I: Intelligibility Growth Curves for Single-Word and Multiword Productions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Hustad ◽  
Tristan J. Mahr ◽  
Phoebe Natzke ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Age Range

Purpose We extended our earlier study on normative growth curves for intelligibility development in typical children from 30 to 119 months of age. We also determined quantile-specific age of steepest growth and growth rates. A key goal was to establish age-specific benchmarks for single-word and multiword intelligibility. Method This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 538 typically developing children (282 girls and 256 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. One thousand seventy-six normal-hearing naïve adult listeners (280 men and 796 women) orthographically transcribed children's speech. Speech intelligibility was measured as the percentage of words transcribed correctly by naive adults, with single-word and multiword intelligibility outcomes modeled separately. Results The age range for 50% single-word intelligibility was 31–47 months (50th–5th percentiles), the age range for 75% single-word intelligibility was 49–87 months, and the age range for 90% intelligibility for single words was 83–120+ months. The same milestones were attained for multiword intelligibility at 34–46, 46–61, and 62–87 months, respectively. The age of steepest growth for the 50th percentile was 30–31 months for both single-word and multiword intelligibility and was later for children in lower percentiles. The maximum growth rate was 1.7 intelligibility percentage points per month for single words and 2.5 intelligibility percentage points per month for multiword intelligibility. Conclusions There was considerable variability in intelligibility development among typical children. For children in median and lower percentiles, intelligibility growth continues through 9 years. Children should be at least 50% intelligible by 48 months.

scholarly journals Development of Speech Intelligibility Between 30 and 47 Months in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study of Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1675-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Hustad ◽  
Tristan Mahr ◽  
Phoebe E. M. Natzke ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz
Keyword(s):  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Linear Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Normative Growth

Purpose We sought to establish normative growth curves for intelligibility development for the speech of typically developing children as revealed by objectively based orthographic transcription of elicited single-word and multiword utterances by naïve listeners. We also examined sex differences, and we compared differences between single-word and multiword intelligibility growth. Method One hundred sixty-four typically developing children (92 girls, 72 boys) contributed speech samples for this study. Children were between the ages of 30 and 47 months, and analyses examined 1-month age increments between these ages. Two different naïve listeners heard each child and made orthographic transcriptions of child-produced words and sentences ( n = 328 listeners). Average intelligibility scores for single-word productions and multiword productions were modeled using linear regression, which estimated normal-model quantile age trajectories for single- and multiword utterances. Results We present growth curves showing steady linear change over time in 1-month increments from 30 to 47 months for 5th, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles. Results showed that boys did not differ from girls and that, prior to 35 months of age, single words were more intelligible than multiword productions. Starting at 41 months of age, the reverse was true. Multiword intelligibility grew at a faster rate than single-word intelligibility. Conclusions Children make steady progress in intelligibility development through 47 months, and only a small number of children approach 100% intelligibility by this age. Intelligibility continues to develop past the fourth year of life. There is considerable variability among children with regard to intelligibility development. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12330956

Speech development between 30 and 119 months in typical children II: Articulation rate growth curves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Mahr ◽  
Jennifer U. Soriano ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz ◽  
Katherine Hustad
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normative Growth ◽  
Utterance Length

Purpose: We aimed to develop normative growth curves for articulation rate during sentence repetition for typically developing children. Our primary goal was the development of quantile/percentile growth curves, so that typical variation in articulation rate with age could be estimated. We also estimated when children became adultlike in their articulation rate and we examined the contributions of age and utterance length to articulation rate.Method: This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 570 typically developing children (297 girls; 273 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. Pauses greater than 150 ms in duration were removed from the samples, and articulation rate was measured in syllables per second (sps).Results: Articulation rate reliably increased with age and utterance length. Rate in all key percentiles increased with age. The median rate (50th percentile) increased from 2.7 sps at 36 months to 3.3 sps at 96 months. The 5th percentile increased from 2.3 to 3.1 sps over the same age range. Using 3.2 sps as a benchmark for adultlike speech, we found the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles reached adultlike rates at 99, 75, and 53 months, respectively.Conclusions: Articulation rate increases from early childhood into middle childhood, and it is generally adultlike by 10 years of age. Variability in articulation rate among typical children was substantial. Implications for prior research and for clinical usage are discussed.

scholarly journals Speech Development Between 30 and 119 Months in Typical Children II: Articulation Rate Growth Curves

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tristan J. Mahr ◽  
Jennifer U. Soriano ◽  
Paul J. Rathouz ◽  
Katherine C. Hustad
Keyword(s):  
Middle Childhood ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Articulation Rate ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normative Growth ◽  
Utterance Length

Purpose We aimed to develop normative growth curves for articulation rate during sentence repetition for typically developing children. Our primary goal was the development of quantile/percentile growth curves so that typical variation in articulation rate with age could be estimated. We also estimated when children became adultlike in their articulation rate, and we examined the contributions of age and utterance length to articulation rate. Method This cross-sectional study involved collection of in-person speech samples from 570 typically developing children (297 girls; 273 boys) who passed speech, language, and hearing screening measures. Pauses greater than 150 ms in duration were removed from the samples, and articulation rate was measured in syllables per second (sps). Results Articulation rate reliably increased with age and utterance length. Rate in all key percentiles increased with age. The median rate (50th percentile) increased from 2.7 sps at 36 months to 3.3 sps at 96 months. The 5th percentile increased from 2.3 to 3.1 sps over the same age range. Using 3.2 sps as a benchmark for adultlike speech, we found the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles reached adultlike rates at 99, 75, and 53 months, respectively. Conclusions Articulation rate increases from early childhood into middle childhood, and it is generally adultlike by 10 years of age. Variability in articulation rate among typical children was substantial. Implications for prior research and for clinical usage are discussed.

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

A note on growth curves of rabbit lines selected on growth rate or litter size

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Blasco ◽  
E. Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth Rate ◽  
Standard Errors ◽  
Adult Weight ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Using Data

Two synthetic lines of rabbits were used in the experiment. Line V, selected on litter size, and line R, selected on growth rate. Ninety-six animals were randomly collected from 48 litters, taking a male and a female each time. Richards and Gompertz growth curves were fitted. Sexual dimorphism appeared in the line V but not in the R. Values for b and k were similar in all curves. Maximum growth rate took place in weeks 7 to 8. A break due to weaning could be observed in weeks 4 to 5. Although there is a remarkable similarity of the values of all the parameters using data from the first 20 weeks only, the higher standard errors on adult weight would make 30 weeks the preferable time to take data for live-weight growth curves.

scholarly journals Relación entre conducta prosocial, resolución de problemas y consumo de drogas en adolescentes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Hernández-Serrano ◽  
José P. Espada ◽  
Alejandro Guillén-Riquelme
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Problem Solving Strategies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours ◽  
Age Range

<p>The objectives of the present study are the following ones: 1) to study the use of drugs, the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with respect to age and gender, and 2) to analyze the association of both the prosocial behaviour and the problem-solving skills with the use of drugs. An exploratory cross-sectional study was performed, amongst a sample of 567 students in Spanish Compulsory Secondary Education (48.14% males) with an age range from 14 to 17 years (<em>M </em>= 14.92; <em>SD </em>= 0.90). Statistically significant differences were found concerning alcohol use and the prosocial behaviour with respect to gender, as well as concerning alcohol and cannabis use with respect to age. Logistic regression analyses revealed statistical significance of the prosocial behaviour with respect to the use of alcohol and cannabis. The ability in problem-solving was the most important protective predictor with respect to the abuse of cannabis. The results from this study enhance the importance of tailored interventions based on the promotion of prosocial behaviours and/or problem-solving strategies as fundamental protective factors for substance use amongst adolescents.</p>

scholarly journals Proton magnetic spectroscopy agreed better with magnetic resonance image to lateralization of epileptogenic zone than with surface electroencephalography

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9A) ◽  
pp. 584-590
Author(s):  
Ricardo Andre Amorim Leite ◽  
Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy ◽  
Gilson Edmar Goncalves e Silva ◽  
Maria Lucia Brito Ferreira ◽  
Maria de Fatima Vasco Aragao
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Image ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Agreement Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surface Eeg ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Coefficient Of Asymmetry

Objective To analyze the agreement rate of proton magnetic spectroscopy with magnetic resonance image (MRI) and surface electroence-phalography (EEG) in extratemporal neocortical epilepsies. Methods A cross-sectional study, type series of cases included 33 patients, age range 13–59 years old, of both gender, presenting structural alteration identified by MRI (75.8%) or by neurophysiologic techniques (72.7%). The variables were alterations of N-acetyl-aspartate/choline, N-acetyl-aspartate/creatine, choline/creatine, and N-acetyl-aspartate/cho-line+creatine coefficient of asymmetry. Results Agreement rates of lateralization by coefficient of asymmetry of NAA/Cho, NAA/Cr, Co/Cr, and NAA/Cho+Cr with MRI, independent of alteration of surface EEG, were equal to 93.3, 57.9, 15.4, and 93.3%, respectively, modifying to 100, 33.3, 0, and 100%, in 16 patients, with lateralization agreement of MRI and surface EEG. Conclusion Proton magnetic spectroscopy agreed better with MRI to lateralization of epileptogenic zone than with surface EEG.

scholarly journals Factors of tooth extraction among adult patients attending in exodontia department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
T Nasreen ◽  
ME Haq
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Food Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Patient ◽  
Treatment Centre ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tooth Extractions

In the management of the adult dental patient efforts are geared towards the preservation of permanent dentition as it is important for maintaining normal occlusal relationship, play role in aesthesis, speech, influence food habit and nutrition. This hospital based descriptive type of cross sectional study was done at Exodontia Department of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital to identify the factors that contribute in tooth extraction among the respondents. The study was carried out during the month of January to June 2009 and 110 respondents selected purposively. The study showed the majority of the respondents (57.3%) were in the age group of 20-39 years. Their mean age was 36.85.years, SD of age was ±13.85 and age range was 15-85 years. Among the respondents 46.4% were male and 53.6% were female. Dental caries was the leading cause of tooth extractions in 68% cases. It was also observed that post filling complication contributed in 33% cases of extraction. Patient requests due to economic cause in 16% cases, negligence in 11% cases and even distance of the treatment centre from residence reported in 15% cases. The treatment philosophy of the centre played a vital role. Heavy rush of the patient and inconvenient conservative treatment schedule caused many unnecessary extractions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v2i1.15996 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, October 2011; Vol-2, No.1, 7-10

scholarly journals Awareness and Attitudes toward Corneal Donations among Applicants and Staff of a Driver, Vehicle and Licensing Authority (DVLA) in Ghana

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth Lartey ◽  
ELLEN KONADU ANTWI-ADJEI ◽  
Solomon Agyapong ◽  
Abdul-Kabir Mohammed ◽  
Derrick N.O. Mensah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Transplant ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Willingness To Donate ◽  
Drivers License ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Potential Mode ◽  
Corneal Donation ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background: Corneal transplantations are surgeries performed for irreparable corneal diseases and damage. However, there is a gap between the number of potential recipients and the number of donor corneas available. The main aim of the study was to determine the awareness and attitudes toward corneal donation among applicants and staff of DVLA, Kumasi-Ghana. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. 100 participants were selected using convenient sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from participants concerning awareness and attitudes toward corneal transplant. Results: The mean ± SD age of the participants was 32.05 ± 11.48years and age range, 18-67years. Males were 66% whilst females constituted 34%. 32.7% of the participants were aware of corneal donation. Majority of the participants were Christians (83.1%) and Singles (63%). Television was the source of information with the highest preponderance (49.4%). 67.3% were willing to donate their corneas after death. 63.9% were willing to indicate their donor statuses on drivers’ license form which had a significant association with willingness to donate cornea after death (p<0.05, ᵪ 2 = 12.187). Conclusion: There is a poor level of awareness (32.7%) of transplant and donation amongst the study population but a good level of willingness to donate organs (67%). Consent via driving license would seem to be a good potential mode of obtaining consent to supplement the harvesting of adequate tissues for transplant if adequate awareness is created.

scholarly journals Profile of Osteomyelitis Patients Visiting the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Indonesia, in 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Nugraha ◽  
Hermawan Nagar Rasyid ◽  
Hadyana Sukandar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
Age Range

Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process caused by microorganism infection that leads to bone destruction. Osteomyelitis may affect all bones, particularly long bones, and infects all ages. This disease is hard to diagnose and the treatment is complex due to the disease’s heterogenicity, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management. This study aimed to determine the profile of osteomyelitis inpatients and outpatients presented to the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, IndonesiaMethods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2019 using the total sampling method. Data were collected from the medical records of osteomyelitis inpatients and outpatients presented to the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from 2017–2018. Data were then analyzed descriptively and the results were presented in frequencies.Result: In total, 90 data were retrieved. Most of data presented male patients (n= 69, 76.7%) with the age range of 20–29 years old (24.4%). The majority of these patients experienced chronic onset of disease (94.4%) located on the tibia (51.1%), which was caused by a post-operative procedure (61.1%). The most common treatment was operative procedure without antibiotic beads (51.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogens identified in these patients (22.2%).Conclusion: The majority of osteomyelitis patients are males in productive age with chronic onset of disease located on the tibia caused by a post-operative procedure. Staphylococcus aureus is the common pathogen involved and the most common treatment is an operative procedure without antibiotic beads.

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