Depolarization of Light by Mono-Dispersed Air Bubbles Coated With Carbonaceous Particles

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basil T. Wong ◽  
Rodolphe Vaillon ◽  
M. Pinar Mengu¨c¸
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Air Bubbles ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Cylindrical System ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Depolarization Of Light

In this paper, the potential use of polarized light for characterization of mono-dispersed air bubbles coated with carbonaceous particles is investigated using a vector Monte Carlo approach. The medium is assumed to be water, loaded with highly-forward scattering ash and coal particles, as well as absorbing and scattering air bubbles coated with a thin carbonaceous (soot) layer. A polarized laser beam is assumed to impinge normally on a cylindrical system at the circumferential surface, and the scattered signals are assumed to be collected within the same plane. The scattering matrix for the entire medium is constructed based on the Fresnel equations. Examination of the absorbing and multiple-scattering results show that if circularly polarized light is used, the bubble size, the bubble separation, as well as the thickness of carbonaceous layer around bubbles can be determined if careful experiments are conducted. It is shown that circularly polarized light is a better choice than the linearly polarized incident radiation for the present diagnosis objectives.

scholarly journals Patterns and properties of polarized light in air and water

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1565) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Cronin ◽  
Justin Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Natural Scenes ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Current State ◽  
Visual Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Predictable Pattern ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Polarization Of Light

Natural sources of light are at best weakly polarized, but polarization of light is common in natural scenes in the atmosphere, on the surface of the Earth, and underwater. We review the current state of knowledge concerning how polarization and polarization patterns are formed in nature, emphasizing linearly polarized light. Scattering of sunlight or moonlight in the sky often forms a strongly polarized, stable and predictable pattern used by many animals for orientation and navigation throughout the day, at twilight, and on moonlit nights. By contrast, polarization of light in water, while visible in most directions of view, is generally much weaker. In air, the surfaces of natural objects often reflect partially polarized light, but such reflections are rarer underwater, and multiple-path scattering degrades such polarization within metres. Because polarization in both air and water is produced by scattering, visibility through such media can be enhanced using straightforward polarization-based methods of image recovery, and some living visual systems may use similar methods to improve vision in haze or underwater. Although circularly polarized light is rare in nature, it is produced by the surfaces of some animals, where it may be used in specialized systems of communication.

scholarly journals Analysis of ellipsometric parameters in the reflection of circularly polarized light from a thin anisotropic plate

2021 ◽  
Vol 2094 (2) ◽  
pp. 022071
Author(s):  
V V Yatsyshen
Keyword(s):  
Anisotropic Plate ◽  
Plate Boundary ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Angle Of Incidence ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Reflected Light

Abstract The article presents the results of the analysis of the angular spectra of the ellipsometric parameters of the reflected wave when a circularly polarized light wave is incident on an anisotropic plate. The given dependences show a very high sensitivity of the ellipsometric parameters of the reflected light on the angle of incidence and the angle between the optical axis and the normal to the plate boundary. The energy reflection spectra themselves show much less variability when these parameters change. It should be especially emphasized the nature of the change in the ellipsometric angle Δ, which is responsible for the type of elliptical polarization - when Δ> 0, the polarization is left-handed, and when Δ <0, it is right-handed. It is shown that a thin anisotropic plate at certain angles can serve as a polarization converter of the incident radiation. The ellipsometry parameter ρ characterizes the degree of compression of the ellipse - when ρ = 1, the ellipse is transformed into a circle, and the light is circularly polarized in this case. Thus, a thin anisotropic plate can not only convert left-handed polarization to right-handed, but it can also control the very shape of the polarization ellipse. Such a plate can be used in conjunction with a layered medium, for example, a one-dimensional photonic crystal, to control the polarization of the incident circularly polarized light.

UNPOLAR AND POLAR HOLOGRAPHIC GRATING RECORDING BY CIRCULARLY POLARIZED LIGHT ON PHOTOANISOTROPIC AZOBENZENE LANGMUIR–BLODGETT FILMS

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. BLINOV ◽  
R. BARBERI ◽  
F. CIUCHI ◽  
M. P. DE SANTO ◽  
G. CIPPARRONE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probe Beam ◽  
Optical Anisotropy ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Spatial Modulation ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett Films ◽  
Ion Laser

A comparative study of photo-induced optical anisotropy was carried out on Langmuir–Blodgett films prepared from five different amphiphilic azobenzene derivatives. The anisotropy was induced by a linearly polarized pump beam of an Ar-ion laser at λ=514 nm and monitored by a linearly polarized probe beam of a He–Ne laser at λ=633 nm . Large optical anisotropy up to 0.35 has been induced. Holographic gratings were recorded by two left circularly polarized beams of the Ar-ion laser and time evolution of the first-order diffraction efficiency of the probe beam was recorded in an automatic regime. In such a geometry, the spatial modulation of refraction index reaches 0.14. The experimental data is consistent with a model for a photo-induced collective chromophore realignment in the heterogeneous domain structure of the films studied. The influence of an electric field of the corona discharge on the grating recording process was also studied and polar diffraction gratings have been prepared by a spatially periodic photo-poling process.

scholarly journals Multifunctional Metasurface Lens With Tunable Focus Based on Phase Transition Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongkang Song ◽  
Weici Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Wang ◽  
Faqiang Wang ◽  
Zhongchao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Light Field ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Polarization State ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Multiple Focus ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Metasurfaces have powerful light field manipulation capabilities, which have been extensively studied in the past few years and have developed rapidly in various fields. At present, the focus of metasurface research has shifted to the tunable functionality. In this paper, a temperature-controllable multifunctional metasurface lens based on phase transition material is designed. First of all, by controlling the temperature of the desired working area and the polarization of the incident light, switching among multiple focus, single focus, and no focus at any position can be achieved, and the intensity and helicity of the output light can be adjusted. In addition, a polarization-sensitive intensity-tunable metalens based on the P-B phase principle is designed, when the incident light is linearly polarized light, left-handed circularly polarized light, or right-handed circularly polarized light, it has the same focal point but with different light field intensities. Therefore, the focused intensity can be tunable by the polarization state of the incident light.

EVE polarization lidar: ESA’s ground reference system for Aeolus L2A products Cal/Val

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peristera Paschou ◽  
Nikolaos Siomos ◽  
Vassilis Amiridis ◽  
Volker Freudenthaler ◽  
George Georgoussis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polarized Light ◽  
Backscatter Coefficient ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Polarized Emission ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Backscattered Signals ◽  
Aerosol Types

&lt;p&gt;The EVE (Enhancement and Validation of ESA products) lidar is a mobile, ground-based, polarization lidar system, developed to provide ground reference measurements for the validation of the Aeolus L2A products. The system utilizes a dual-laser/dual-telescope configuration that emits linearly and circularly polarized light at 355 nm&amp;#160; interleaved and detects the linear and circular depolarization on the backscattered signals as well as the Raman backscattering at 387 nm. Consequently, the particle optical properties of backscatter coefficient, extinction coefficient, linear and circular depolarization ratios can be measured by the lidar. Moreover, the system&amp;#8217;s dual configuration enables to mimic both the operation of ALADIN on board Aeolus that relies on the circularly polarized emission and the operation of a polarization lidar system with linearly polarized emission. Besides EVE&amp;#8217;s main goal of the Aeolus L2A products performance evaluation under a wide variety of aerosol types, EVE can also validate the linear to circular depolarization conversions, which have to be used for the harmonization of the linearly polarized lidar systems with Aeolus, and as such, to evaluate any possible biases of the efforts of these systems on Aeolus L2A validation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Tomographic reconstruction of circularly polarized high-harmonic fields: 3D attosecond metrology

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1501333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Chen ◽  
Zhensheng Tao ◽  
Carlos Hernández-García ◽  
Piotr Matyba ◽  
Adra Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Ultraviolet ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
High Harmonic ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Photoelectron Spectra ◽  
Laser Fields ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Linearly Polarized

Bright, circularly polarized, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray high-harmonic beams can now be produced using counter-rotating circularly polarized driving laser fields. Although the resulting circularly polarized harmonics consist of relatively simple pairs of peaks in the spectral domain, in the time domain, the field is predicted to emerge as a complex series of rotating linearly polarized bursts, varying rapidly in amplitude, frequency, and polarization. We extend attosecond metrology techniques to circularly polarized light by simultaneously irradiating a copper surface with circularly polarized high-harmonic and linearly polarized infrared laser fields. The resulting temporal modulation of the photoelectron spectra carries essential phase information about the EUV field. Utilizing the polarization selectivity of the solid surface and by rotating the circularly polarized EUV field in space, we fully retrieve the amplitude and phase of the circularly polarized harmonics, allowing us to reconstruct one of the most complex coherent light fields produced to date.

Polarizability and hyperpolarizability

1979 ◽  
Vol 293 (1402) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Nonlinear Polarization ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Depolarization Of Light ◽  
Molecular Polarizabilities

The oscillating charge and current distributions induced in matter by a beam of light are expressed in terms of molecular polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities. The symmetry of these property tensors under space and time reversal is examined and methods for their measurement considered. Depolarization of light scattering, optical rotation and differential scattering of right and left circularly polarized light are discussed, as are the effects of vibration and of collisions on the intensities of light scattering. Nonlinear polarization and the measurement of hyperpolarizabilities are briefly examined.

scholarly journals Neural processing of linearly and circularly polarized light signal in a mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (22) ◽  
pp. jeb219832
Author(s):  
Tsyr-Huei Chiou ◽  
Ching-Wen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Circular Polarization ◽  
Linear Polarization ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Polarization Vision ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Linearly Polarized ◽  
Vector Angle

ABSTRACTStomatopods, or mantis shrimp, are the only animal group known to possess circular polarization vision along with linear polarization vision. By using the rhabdomere of a distally located photoreceptor as a wave retarder, the eyes of mantis shrimp are able to convert circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. As a result, their circular polarization vision is based on the linearly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors commonly found in many arthropods. To investigate how linearly and circularly polarized light signals might be processed, we presented a dynamic polarized light stimulus while recording from photoreceptors or lamina neurons in intact mantis shrimp Haptosquilla pulchella. The results indicate that all the circularly polarized light-sensitive photoreceptors also showed differential responses to the changing e-vector angle of linearly polarized light. When stimulated with linearly polarized light of varying e-vector angle, most photoreceptors produced a concordant sinusoidal response. In contrast, some lamina neurons doubled the response frequency in reacting to linearly polarized light. These responses resembled a rectified sum of two-channel linear polarization-sensitive photoreceptors, indicating that polarization visual signals are processed at or before the first optic lobe. Noticeably, within the lamina, there was one type of neuron that showed a steady depolarization response to all stimuli except right-handed circularly polarized light. Together, our findings suggest that, between the photoreceptors and lamina neurons, linearly and circularly polarized light may be processed in parallel and differently from one another.

A quantum electrodynamical theory of differential scattering based on a model with two chromophores I. Differential Rayleigh scattering of circularly polarized light

1978 ◽  
Vol 358 (1694) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Rayleigh Scattering ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Optically Active ◽  
Circularly Polarized Light ◽  
Circularly Polarized ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Chiral Systems ◽  
Higher Order Corrections

Chiral systems can scatter circularly polarized photons at rates dependent on the handedness of the incident radiation. Differential intensities of Raman scattering by optically active organic molecules have been observed recently. The present work deals with the theory of both Rayleigh and Raman differential scattering by using quantum electrodynamics. The calculations of differential intensities are based on a two-chromophore model in which the chromophores, assumed to be achiral in isolation, become optically active due to their dissymmetric arrangement. Results are reported for both ‘in-plane’ and ‘out-of-plane’ polarizations of the scattered radiation. They apply to an arbitrary scattering geometry and group separation. The limiting near- and far-zone behaviour is analysed in detail. In this paper (part I), the basic theory common to Rayleigh and Raman differential scattering is presented and is then applied to the Rayleigh process. The application to the Raman process is given in part II. In the Rayleigh case, the dominant contribution to the differential effect arises from interference of second-order probability amplitudes. This term varies linearly with the inter-chromophore separation in the near-zone, but inversely in the far-zone. Higher-order corrections to the differential intensities involve coupling between the chromophores; the leading correction, involving the interference of the second- and fourth-order amplitudes, has been computed.

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