Fuel Optimization for Power, Heat and CHP Systems Including Emissions Regulations and Ambient Conditions

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel-Angel Gonzalez-Chapa ◽  
Jose-Ramon Vega-Galaz
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
Fuel Optimization

Combined Heat and Power systems have been used all around the world due to their effective and viable way of transforming energy from fossil fuel. Indeed, the advantage of lower greenhouse gas emissions compared to those obtained in conventional power or conventional heat generation systems have been an important factor giving CHP systems an advantage over these conventional ones. Certainly CHP has been, and continues to be, a good practice while renewable technologies become more economically. While these technologies emerge it is important to continue minimizing these greenhouse gas emissions from conventional and CHP units as much as possible. This paper deals with the fuel optimization of power, heat and CHP systems including emissions and ambient conditions constraints. Ambient conditions variations are evaluated before solving the optimization and then introduced to the problem to consider their effects.

scholarly journals Virtual Fieldtrips and Climate Change Education for Tourism Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Schott
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Learning Tool ◽  
Climate Change Education ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Educational Travel ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

<p><b>Abstract </b></p> <p>While the pedagogical benefits of fieldtrips have long been recognised our ever increasing understanding of the impacts of flying on climate change is presenting educators with a poignant dilemma; the many benefits long associated with international fieldtrips are at odds with the world community’s needs in limiting/halting climatic change. In response, the paper presents the concept of a VR-based virtual fieldtrip as an innovative and carbon-sensitive type of (educational) travel. The paper not only makes the case for virtual fieldtrips as a meaningful learning tool but also explores both the virtual fieldtrip’s impact on Greenhouse Gas emissions and climate change-related learning. On both accounts the initial findings in this paper are very encouraging. More in-depth research is now required to not only develop a deeper understanding of the full breadth of benefits, but also of the diverse weaknesses presented by virtual fieldtrips and how to negotiate them.</p>

XBRL Taxonomy for Estimating the Effects of Greenhouse Gas Emissions on Corporate Financial Positions

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
Fumiko Satoh
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Third Parties ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
The World ◽  
Standardized Reporting ◽  
Financial Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Companies around the world are increasingly expected to report their greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are various formulas to calculate emissions, and there are different reporting formats. Most of the reporting formats are paper-based or non-readable-by-machine formats. The emissions of companies will influence their accounting results due to ‘cap & trade’ systems or environmental taxes. Analyses of financial impacts are important for management decisions and corporate evaluations by interested third parties. A standardized reporting format for GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions is critical for reliable analysis of the impact of emissions on finances. This paper proposes an XBRL (eXtensible Business Markup Language) format as the foundation for standardizing the emissions reporting formats, and provides a preliminary XBRL taxonomy for emissions reporting. XBRL makes it possible to combine the financial reports and the emissions reports. Evaluations of the emissions impact are easier for both managers of the company and external parties, even if a large number of emissions reports must be analyzed.

Our Energy Inheritance: Nuclear Power

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hewitt Crane ◽  
Edwin Kinderman ◽  
Ripudaman Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Nuclear Technology ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The World

Of the various alternatives to fossil energy, nuclear power is the most advanced and the best positioned to become a major source of energy. It is also essentially free of CO2 emissions, and if reducing greenhouse gas emissions is truly the highest concern, then we will have to develop nuclear power. Yet developing nuclear power would also pose challenges in terms of waste disposal, and proliferation of nuclear weapons including the risk of a terrorist organization acquiring such weapons. To some environmentalists nuclear power presents a serious, dilemma. Support or opposition to nuclear power is strongly affected by value judgments as well as lack of disseminated information on questions: What happens if there is leakage of nuclear waste someday? To what extent would people and the world be affected? Would we be trading international security for energy security—does nuclear power increase our vulnerability to terrorist attacks? The mixture of clear benefits with outstanding questions currently allows some nations to embrace nuclear power, some to accept it grudgingly, and still others choose to ignore it. Given its availability and environmental benefits, nuclear is an option that cannot be ignored if we are to tackle the energy problem in a serious way. To assume that we can store and safeguard the waste for thousands of years may be hubris, but we come out in favor of developing nuclear technology in part because we already have to store the legacy nuclear waste that has been generated over the last 50 years. Another 60 or so years of waste will represent a marginal addition to that enormous task, but it would buy us badly needed time to carefully develop other energy sources that do not entail net greenhouse gas emissions. Also, we find that many of the concerns raised against the development of nuclear power are vastly exaggerated. For example, as we describe in this chapter, safe storage of the waste does not require 10,000 years: if we use reprocessing technologies, the remaining waste could be rendered benign in a couple of centuries.

scholarly journals GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTION PLANTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4B) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thanh Phong
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Emission Sources ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Liquid Digestate ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

This study investigated emissions of CH4, N2O and NH3 from nine anaerobic digestion plants that treat biowaste. The treatment is in form of mechanical pre-treatment, anaerobic digestion followed by a composting with or without intensive aeration. The exhaust gases from the mechanical and anaerobic steps are treated by biofilters. The emission sources at the plants consisted of biofilters, combined heat and power units (CHP), liquid digestate treatment systems (LTS) and open composting windrows of the solid digestate. Overall, the emission factors were 0.4 - 16 kg (Mg biowaste)-1 for CH4, 7 - 170 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for N2O and 41 - 6,032 g (Mg biowaste)-1 for NH3. Open composting windrows of solid digestate resulted in high emissions of CH4 and N2O. Intensive aeration of the solid digestate could reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  

scholarly journals Product Lifecycle: Social and Political Reflections from the Digital and Sustainable Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio De Felice ◽  
Antonella Petrillo
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Product Lifecycle ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
New Era ◽  
Classical Sense ◽  
The World

Digitalization and sustainability are the drivers of the global development of the future that have slowly conquered the agendas of governments and organizations on every continent. In this context, the pandemic has proved to be a powerful technological accelerator, helping to give a greater boost to these drivers, “guiding” leading the productive and economic sector throughout the world. Today the sustainability and digitalization represent the indispensable prerequisites to add economic, environmental, and social sovereignty. In fact, the scenario that the Coronavirus is leaving us foreshadows the need not to be satisfied with reaching targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but to imagine “global” governance for the development of business models based on the new digital frontiers. Thus, what are the challenges for achieving the paradigms of sustainability and digitization in this new era? And what are the tools for a “digicircular” transformation? The aim of this chapter is to investigate these issues. To this end, it should be noted that, in this chapter, our aim is not to present an analysis of literature in the classical sense but rather political and social reflections.

scholarly journals LEADING PRACTICES OF INTRODUCTION OF MECHANISMS OF ECOLOGICAL PROGRESS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Olha Ilyash ◽  
Olena Trofymenko ◽  
Ruslan Kolishenko
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
National Economy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
National Economies

The article is devoted to the analysis of leading practices of introduction of mechanisms of ecological progress of national economy. It is established that ecological progress is carried out by reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions, the introduction of programs to preserve the environment and the viability of ecosystems, increase the consumption of renewable energy. As the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine are industry, energy and transport, it is important to implement mechanisms for ecological progress of the national economy, taking into account the successful world experience, which will allow to adapt effective mechanisms in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to determine the effective mechanisms of ecological progress of the national economy and the formation of recommendations for its provision, taking into account the experience of leading countries. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to identify indicators of environmental progress, to analyze indicators of indicators of environmental progress in Ukraine and leading countries, to explore effective measures to ensure environmental progress of leading national economies. The main methods used in the study - systematization, comparison, analysis, synthesis, generalization. To compare the ecological progress of national economies around the world, we chose the main indicators that provide an opportunity to assess the ecological progress of the national economy, namely: the index of environmental efficiency, total greenhouse gas emissions per $ 1,000. GDP, Environmental Index, Ecosystem Viability Index, Share of Renewable Energy Consumption, Existing Environmental Agreements. According to the results of the study of state policy of the leading countries of the world, the main measures of the state authorities of Ukraine and the leading countries of the world in the direction of ecological progress have been determined. According to the results of the study of measures on ecological breakthrough in the leading countries, a number of recommendations have been formed for Ukraine on the formation (formation) of components of ecological progress in the economy, taking into account the functions and responsibilities of public authorities. These recommendations should be used in the process of forming state policy to ensure sustainable development, stimulate and support the introduction of innovative environmental technologies in the economy.

scholarly journals The Trump Administration's Assault on California's Global Climate Leadership

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Ann Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
Trump Administration

The Trump Administration is taking direct aim at California's global leadership on climate change. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to revoke the most effective tool California has to exercise climate leadership: its special authority under federal law to regulate tailpipe emissions more stringently than the federal government. California's use of this authority has led to the invention of automotive technology now standard around the world, including the catalytic converter. The state also used this power in 2002 to enact the globe's first greenhouse gas standards for automobiles. If the Trump Administration succeeds in revoking California's authority, California will find it very difficult to meet its ambitious 2030 greenhouse gas target. The attack on the state's authority will also undermine other states’ efforts to cut their greenhouse gas emissions as well as conventional air pollutants, since thirteen states follow California's standards in whole or in part. And the Trump Administration's revocation will undercut California's role as a green technology innovator by eliminating the strongest regulatory signal the state sends to automotive entrepreneurs. The last result is perhaps the most pernicious of all, because the state's role as a green technology leader has the capacity to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions around the world.

Metal triflates formation of C12-C22 phenolic compounds by simultaneous C-O breaking and C-C coupling of lignin-derived benzyl phenyl ether

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahinur Shahinur Rahaman ◽  
Sarttrawut Tulaphol ◽  
ashten molley ◽  
Kyle Mills ◽  
Anwar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Phenyl Ether ◽  
Fuel Processing ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Fuels And Chemicals ◽  
Benzyl Phenyl Ether ◽  
Metal Triflates

The production of fuels and chemicals from lignin can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions generated by fossil fuel processing. Current upgrading pathways for converting lignin into useful chemicals require multiple steps...

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